- This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves. Algebraic chess notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of Chess.
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| Moves | 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ECO | C21 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Origin | 1867 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Named after | Danish player Severin From | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Parent | Center Game | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chessgames.com opening explorer | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The Danish Gambit is a chess opening that begins with the moves
- 1. The Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings ( ECO) is a classification system for the opening moves in a game of chess The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Center Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 In Chess the word " opening " has two common meanings both of which are discussed in this article e4 e5
- 2. d4 exd4
- 3. c3
Although it may have been known earlier, Danish player Severin From essayed the gambit in an 1867 Paris tournament and he is usually given credit for the opening. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe A gambit is a Chess opening in which the first player risks or sacrifices material usually a pawn, with the hope of achieving a resulting advantageous Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Danish gambit was popular with masters of the attack including Alekhine, Marshall, Blackburne, and Mieses, but as Black's defenses improved it lost favor in the 1920s. Alexander Alexandrovich Alekhine (alʲɛkˈsandr̠ alʲɛkˈsandr̠ovʲiʨ aˈlʲɛxin Russian Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Але́хин) (October Frank James Marshall ( August 10 1877 &ndash November 9 1944) was the U Joseph Henry Blackburne ( December 10, 1841 – September 1, 1924) nicknamed "Black Death" dominated British Chess Jacques Mieses ( February 27, 1865, in Leipzig &ndash February 23, 1954 in London) was a German -born Jewish Today it is rarely played in top-level chess.
White will sacrifice one or two pawns for the sake of rapid development and the attack. With care, Black can accept one or both pawns safely, or simply decline the gambit altogether with good chances.
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History
From the very beginning the nomenclature of the Danish Gambit was very confusing. The idea stems from a famous correspondence game London-Edinburgh, 1824: 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4 Bc5 5. c3 Qe7 6. 0-0 dxc3 7. Nxc3. The Swede Hans Lindehn played 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 on a regular basis from 1857 at latest. He defeated the later World Champion Steinitz with his gambit in London, 1864. It is possible, that Severin From met Lindehn in Paris in this period and there has learned about the gambit. Lindehn invariably offered a second pawn with 4. Bc4.
Many games transposed to the Göring Gambit (see Scotch Opening), as . The Scotch Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 . . Nc6 and Nf3 are very logical moves. As Carl Theodor Göring also used to play the double gambit, there was hardly any difference.
Remarkably enough the idea to sacrifice just one pawn (Nxc3) is older in the Göring Gambit than in the Danish. Morphy met it at the first USA-Congress of 1857; Alexander Meek was the gambiteer. In the Danish especially Alexander Alekhine applied 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 dxc3 4. Nxc3, but always on minor occasions.
The German name is Nordisches Gambit (Nordic Gambit); the Dutch name Noors Gambit (Norwegian Gambit). Lindehn being a Swede, all names are historically wrong, except the German and Dutch one, as Sweden can be considered nordic.
Main variations
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The Danish Gambit is a variation of the Center Game that is important enough to be treated on its own. The Center Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 It is C21 in the ECO classification.
After 1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3, Black can safely decline the gambit with 3. . . d6, 3. . . Qe7, or 3. . . d5 (Sörensen Defense). If Black enters the Danish Gambit Accepted with 3. . . dxc3, the main possibilities are
- 4. Nxc3 (Alekhine Variation)
- 4. . . d6 5. Bc4 Nc6 6. Nf3 (Göring Gambit, by transposition)
- 4. A transposition in Chess is a sequence of moves that results in a position which may also be reached by another more common sequence of moves . . Bc5 5. Bc4 Nc6 6. Nf3 (Göring Gambit, by transposition)
- 4. . . Nc6 5. Bc4 and 6. Nf3 (Göring Gambit, by transposition)
- 4. . . Bb4 5. Bc4 (5. Qd4 is an independent option) Bxc3+ 6. bxc3 d6 7. Qb3 Qe7 8. Ne2 Alekhine-Pomar, clock simul Madrid 1943
- 4. Bc4 (Lindehn's continuation)
- 4. . . d6 5. Nxc3 (also Göring Gambit, by transposition)
- 4. . . cxb2 5. Bxb2
- 5. . . Bb4+ 6. Kf1 or 6. Nc3
- 5. . . d6 6. Qb3
- 5. . . d5 (Schlechter Defense)
Alekhine recommended that White play 4. Carl Schlechter ( March 2, 1874 - December 27, 1918) was a leading Austrian Chess master at the turn of the 20th century Nxc3. This line often transposes into the Göring Gambit of the Scotch Game. The Scotch Game is a Chess opening that begins with the moves 1 There are only few lines with Black omitting . . . Nc6 and/or White omitting Nf3.
White can instead offer a second pawn with 4. Bc4. The second pawn can be safely declined by transposing into the Scotch Gambit. Accepting the pawn allows White's two bishops to rake the Black kingside after 4. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order . . cxb2 5. Bxb2. White will often follow up with Qb3 if possible, applying pressure on Black's b7 and f7 squares. Combined with White's long diagonal pressure on g7, this can make it difficult for Black to develop his bishops. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order
Schlechter recommended the most reliable defense for Black; by returning one of the pawns with 5. . . d5 Black gains time to complete development. After 6. Bxd5 Nf6 (Bb4+ is also possible) 7. Bxf7+ Kxf7 8. Qxd8 Bb4+ 9. Qd2 Bxd2+ 10. Nxd2 c5, Black regains the queen. Most theorists evaluate this position as equal, but some believe that the queenside majority gives Black the advantage in the endgame. This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order This page explains commonly used terms in Chess in alphabetical order There have been attempts, especially by German correspondence player Ingo Firnhaber, to revive the gambit idea with 7. Nc3. The critical line is Nxd5 8. Nxd5 Nbd7 (c6?? 9. Nf6+) 9. Nf3 c6 10. 0-0 cxd5 11. exd5 Be7! If White instead plays 6. exd5, his light-square bishop is blocked and after 6. . . Nf6 7. Nc3 Bd6 Black can complete development relatively easily.
The popularity of the Danish plummeted after Schlechter's defense was introduced as the resulting positions are not what White generally desires from a gambit opening. The big advantage of Göring's move order (2. Nf3 first) is avoiding exactly Schlechter's defence. The big advantage of 2. d4 is the option to play a modification of Capablanca's Defence with exd4 3. c3 d5 4. exd5 Qxd5 5. cxd4 Nc6 6. Be3 instead of 6. Nf3 transposing.
References
- Lutes, W. John (1992). Danish Gambit. Chess Enterprises. ISBN 0-945470-19-3.
- de Firmian, Nick (1999). Nicholas Ernest (Nick de Firmian (born July 26, 1957 in Fresno California) is a Chess grandmaster and three-time U Modern Chess Openings: MCO-14. Modern Chess Openings (usually called MCO) is an important book of Chess openings first published in 1911 by the British players Richard Random House. ISBN 0-8129-3084-3.
External links
- McGrew, Tim (2003). The Gambit Cartel: Danish Pastry (pdf). ChessCafe. com.
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