Manin from the 1875 monument by Luigi Borro in Venice. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the

Daniele Manin (May 13, 1804 - September 22, 1857) was an Venetian patriot and statesman. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in He is regarded as one of the heroes of Italian unification (Risorgimento). Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian

Biography

Daniele Manin was born in Venice, the son of a converted Jew who took the name of Manin because that patrician family stood sponsors to him, as the custom then was. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut He studied law at Padua, and then practised at the bar of his native city. A man of great learning and a profound jurist, he was inspired from an early age with a deep hatred for Austria.

The heroic but hopeless attempt of the Bandiera Brothers, Venetians who had served in the Austrian navy against the Neapolitan Bourbons in 1844, was the first event to cause an awakening of Venetian patriotism, and in 1847 Manin presented a petition to the Venetian congregation, a shadowy consultative assembly tolerated by Austria but without any power, informing the emperor of the wants of the nation. The Bandiera Brothers (in Italian: Fratelli Bandiera) were Italian patriots Attilio and Emilio Bandiera, (1811&ndash1844 and 1819&ndash1844 He was arrested on a charge of high treason (January 18, 1848), but this only served to increase the agitation of the Venetians, who were beginning to appreciate Manin. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap

Two months later, when all Italy and half the rest of Europe were in the throes of revolution, the people forced Count Palify, the Austrian governor, to release him (March 17). Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger The Austrians soon lost all control of the city: the arsenal was seized by the revolutionists and, under the direction of Manin, a civic guard and a provisional government were instituted. The Austrians evacuated Venice on March 26, and Manin became president of the Venetian republic. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. He was already in favour of Italian unity, and though not anxious for annexation to Piedmont (he would have preferred to invoke French aid), he gave way to the will of the majority, and resigned his powers to the Piedmontese commissioners on August 7. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. But after the Piedmontese defeat at Custoza, and the armistice by which King Charles Albert abandoned Lombardy and Venetia to Austria, the Venetians attempted to lynch the royal commissioners, whose lives Manin saved with difficulty; an assembly was summoned, and a triumvirate formed with Manin at its head. The Battle of Custoza (1848 was fought on 24 and 25 July 1848 during the First Italian War of Independence between the armies of the Austrian Empire, led by Biography He was born in Turin in 1798 to Charles Emmanuel of Savoy 6th Prince of Carignano and Albertina Maria Cristina of Saxony.

Towards the end of 1848 the Austrians, having been heavily reinforced, reoccupied all the Venetian mainland. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The citizens, however, hard-pressed and threatened with a siege, showed the greatest devotion to the cause of freedom, all sharing in the dangers and hardships and all giving what they could afford to the state treasury. Early in 1849 Manin was again chosen president of the Republic, and conducted the defence of the city with great ability. After the defeat of Charles Albert's folorn hope at Novara in March the Venetian assembly voted "Resistance at all costs!" and granted Manin unlimited powers. The Battle of Novara or Battle of Bicocca (Bicocca is a borough of Novara) was one of the battles fought between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom

Meanwhile the Austrian forces closed round the city. Manin showed a good capability of organization, in which he was ably seconded by the Neapolitan general, Guglielmo Pepe, who led the Neapolitan army to defend Venice against his king order. Guglielmo Pepe ( February 13, 1783 - August 8, 1855) was an Italian general and patriot But on the 26th of May the Venetians were forced to abandon Fort Marghera, half-way between the city and the mainland; food was becoming scarce, on June 19 the powder magazine blew up, and in July cholera broke out. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. The Austrian batteries, subsequently, began to bombard Venice itself, and when the Sardinian fleet withdrew from the Adriatic the city was also attacked by sea, while demagogues caused internal trouble.

At last, on August 24 1849, when all provisions and ammunition were exhausted, Manin, who had courted death in vain, succeeded in negotiating an honorable capitulation, on terms of amnesty to all save Manin himself, Pepe and some others, who were to go into exile. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River On the 27th Manin left Venice for ever on board a French ship. His wife died at Marseilles, and he himself reached Paris broken in health and almost destitute, having spent all his fortune for Venice. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city

In Paris he maintained himself by teaching and became a leader among the Italian exiles. There he became a convert from republicanism to monarchism, being convinced that only under the auspices of King Victor Emmanuel could Italy be freed, and together with Giorgio Pallavicini and Giuseppe La Farina he founded the Società Nazionale Italiana with the object of propagating the idea of unity under the Piedmontese monarchy. Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of

His last years were embittered by the terrible sufferings of his daughter, who died in 1854, and he himself died on the 22nd of September 1857, and was buried in Ary Scheffer's family tomb. Ary Scheffer ( February 10, 1795 - June 15, 1858) French painter of Dutch extraction was born at Dordrecht In 1868, two years after the Austrians finally departed from Venice, his remains were brought to his native city and honoured with a public funeral. Manin was a man of the greatest honesty, and possessed genuinely statesmanlike qualities. He believed in Italian unity when most men, even Cavour, regarded it as a vain thing. Camillo Paolo Filippo Giulio Benso Conte di Cavour, Conte di Isolabella e Leri ( August 10 1810 &ndash June For example, during the 1856 Congress of Paris, Manin met with Cavour to discuss the unification of Italy. After the meeting, Cavour wrote that Manin had talked about "l'unità d'Italia ed altre corbellerie" ("the unity of Italy and other nonsense"). ^[1] Manin's work of propaganda by means of the Italian National Society greatly contributed to the success of the cause.

notes

bibliography

The Siege of Venice by Jonathan Keates (2005) gives a scholarly and sympathetic review of Daniele Manin and the Venetian Republic.

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone