Daniel Rutherford (3 November 1749 – 15 November 1819) was a Scottish chemist and physician who was most famous for the isolation of nitrogen in 1772. Mezzotint is a Printmaking process of the intaglio family technically a Drypoint method Sir Henry Raeburn ( 4 March, 1756 - 8 July, 1823) was a Scottish Portrait painter. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1749 ( MDCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A chemist is a Scientist trained in the Science of Chemistry. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
Daniel Rutherford was born in Edinburgh and was educated at the University of Edinburgh where his father John Rutherford (1695–1779) was a professor of medicine. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. The University of Edinburgh (Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann founded in 1582 is a renowned centre for teaching and research in Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. John Rutherford can refer to John Rutherford (historian, Professor in the Department of History Laurentian University John Rutherford (professor Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As a student, he isolated nitrogen in 1772 and described oxygen, or “vital air” as he called it, in 1778. Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or
In 1786, he was appointed Regius Professor of Botany in Edinburgh and as Keeper of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, after the death of Professor John Hope (1725–86). Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Regius Professorships are "Royal" Professorships at the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is both a scientific institution and a tourist attraction John Hope may be Sir John Bruce Hope 7th Baronet, MP for Kinross 1727&ndash1734 1741&ndash1747 John Hope (surgeon (1725&ndash1786 Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rutherford held these posts until his death. His daughter Margaret, a very pretty young lady, married James Haldane and he was also a maternal uncle of Sir Walter Scott. James Alexander Haldane ( July 14, 1768 - February 8, 1851) was a Scottish independent church leader Sir Walter Scott 1st Baronet (15 August 1771 &ndash 21 September 1832 was a prolific Scottish Historical novelist and Poet popular throughout
Isolation of Nitrogen
When Joseph Black was studying the properties of carbon dioxide, he found that a candle would not burn in it. Joseph Black ( April 16, 1728 &ndash December 6, 1799) was a Scottish Physicist and Chemist, known for his Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single When a candle was burned in a closed container of air, the candle would go out eventually, and the remaining air would not support a flame. A flame is often defined as the visible (light-emitting part of a Fire. This was normal, but when the carbon dioxide (caused by the candle) was absorbed by chemicals, some air was not absorbed. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single The air that remained did not support a flame.
He turned this problem over to his student at the time, Daniel Rutherford. Rutherford kept a mouse in a space with a confined quality of air until it died. Then, he burned a candle in the remaining air until it went out. Afterwards, he burned phosphorus in that, until it would not burn. Phosphorus, (ˈfɒsfərəs is the Chemical element that has the symbol P and Atomic number 15 Then the air was passed through a carbon dioxide absorbing solution. In Chemistry, a solution is a Homogeneous Mixture composed of two or more substances The remaining air did not support combustion, and a mouse could not live in it.
Rutherford called the gas (which we now know would have consisted primarily of nitrogen) “noxious air” or “phlogisticated air”. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 The phlogiston theory (from the Ancient Greek φλογιστόν phlŏgistón "burning up" from φλόξ phlóx "fire" first stated
Rutherford reported the experiment in 1772. Year 1772 ( MDCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He and Black were convinced of the validity of the phlogiston theory, so they explained their results in terms of the theory. The phlogiston theory (from the Ancient Greek φλογιστόν phlŏgistón "burning up" from φλόξ phlóx "fire" first stated They said that as mice breathed and combustion was created, phlogiston was given off and entered the air, along with the carbon dioxide. A mouse (plural mice) is a small Animal that belongs to one When the carbon dioxide was later absorbed, the air still contained phlogiston. In fact, the air was saturated with it. That was why candles and other objects would not burn in it.
Rutherford believed that, in like manner, a living creature gives up phlogiston while breathing and when placed in air that is already saturated with phlogiston, can no longer breathe and must die.
External links
- Biographical note at “Lectures and Papers of Professor Daniel Rutherford (1749–1819), and Diary of Mrs Harriet Rutherford”
- The History of Oxygen
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic