Daniel Harvey Hill
July 12, 1821 – September 24, 1889 (aged 68)
Place of birth	York district, South Carolina
Place of death	Charlotte, North Carolina
Allegiance	United States of America Confederate States of America
Years of service	1842–49 (USA) 1861–65 (CSA)
Rank	Major (USA) Lieutenant General (CSA)
Commands held	Division command, Army of Northern Virginia; corps command, Army of Tennessee
Battles/wars	Mexican-American War Battle of Contreras Battle of Churubusco Battle of Chapultepec American Civil War Battle of Big Bethel Battle of Seven Pines Seven Days Battles Maryland Campaign Battle of South Mountain Battle of Antietam Battle of Fredericksburg Gettysburg Campaign Battle of Chickamauga Battle of Bentonville
Other work	• Editor of The Land We Love • President of the University of Arkansas • President of the Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural College of Milledgeville

Daniel Harvey Hill (July 12, 1821 – September 24, 1889) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War and a Southern scholar. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South He was known as an aggressive leader, and as an austere, deeply religious man, with a dry, sarcastic humor. He was brother-in-law to Stonewall Jackson, a close friend to both James Longstreet and Joseph E. Johnston, but disagreements with both Robert E. Lee and Braxton Bragg cost him favor with Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the James Longstreet (January 8 1821 &ndash January 2 1904 was one of the foremost Confederate Generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3 1807 &ndash March 21 1891 was a career U Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Braxton Bragg (March 22 1817 &ndash September 27 1876 was a career United States Army officer and then a General in the Confederate States Army, a The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Although his military ability was well respected, he was underutilized by the end of the Civil War. Daniel Harvey Hill is usually referred to as D. H. Hill in historical writing, in part to distinguish him from A. P. Hill, who served with him in the Army of Northern Virginia. Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9 1825 &ndash April 2 1865 was a Confederate general in the American Civil War. The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.

Early life

D. H. Hill was born in York district, South Carolina. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1842, ranking 28 out of 56 cadets, and was appointed to the 1st United States Artillery. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, He distinguished himself in the Mexican-American War, being brevetted captain for bravery at the Battle of Contreras and Churubusco, and brevetted major for bravery at the Battle of Chapultepec. In the UK and US military brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a Commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily but usually without receiving The Battle of Contreras, also known as the Battle of Padierna, took place during the August 19&ndash20 1847 in the final encounters of the Mexican-American War The Battles of Churubusco took place on August 20, 1847, in the immediate aftermath of the Battle of Contreras (Padierna during the Mexican-American The Battle of Chapultepec (September 1847 was a US victory over Mexican forces holding Chapultepec Castle west of Mexico City during the Mexican-American In February 1849, he resigned his commission and became a professor of mathematics at Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia. Washington and Lee University is a private liberal arts college in Lexington Virginia, USA Lexington is an Independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. During this time, he published an algebra textbook that was notable for its word problems that castigated Northerners, involving questions such as the profit a Connecticut merchant made off of fraud. In 1854, he joined the faculty of Davidson College, North Carolina, and was, in 1859, made superintendent of the North Carolina Military Institute of Charlotte. Davidson College is a private liberal arts college for 1700 students in Davidson, North Carolina, in the United States. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States

Marriage and children

On November 2, 1848, he married Isabella Morrison, who was the daughter of Robert Hall Morrison, a Presbyterian minster and the first president of Davidson College, and through her mother, a niece of North Carolina Governor William Alexander Graham. Davidson College is a private liberal arts college for 1700 students in Davidson, North Carolina, in the United States. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States William Alexander Graham ( September 5, 1804 August 11, 1875) was a United States Senator from North Carolina from They would have nine children in all. One son, Harvey Jr. , would serve as president of North Carolina State College, (now North Carolina State University. North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, Coeducational extensive Research University located in Raleigh North Carolina ) Their youngest son, Joseph Morrison, would preside as the Chief Justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court from 1904 to 1909.

In July 1857, Isabella's younger sister, Mary Anna, married Thomas J. Jackson, who would later earn the nickname "Stonewall" as a Confederate officer. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the Hill and Jackson had crossed paths during the Mexican-American War, and later developed a closer friendship when both men lived in Lexington, Virginia in the 1850s. Lexington is an Independent city within the confines of Rockbridge County in the Commonwealth of Virginia. ^[1][2]

Civil War

At the outbreak of the Civil War, D. H. Hill was made colonel of a Confederate infantry regiment, at the head of which he won the Battle of Big Bethel, near Fort Monroe, Virginia, on June 10, 1861. Background Butler was in command at Fort Monroe near Hampton in support of the Union blockade of Chesapeake Bay. Fort Monroe (also known as Fortress Monroe) is a Hampton Virginia, military installation located at Old Point Comfort, which is on the tip of the The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Shortly after this, he was promoted to brigadier general. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General.

He participated in the Yorktown and Williamsburg operations that started the Peninsula Campaign in the spring of 1862, and as a major general, led a division with great distinction in the Battle of Seven Pines and the Seven Days Battles. The Battle of Yorktown or Siege of Yorktown was fought from April 5 to May 4, 1862, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the Background When Confederate General Joseph E Johnston unexpectedly withdrew his forces from the Warwick Line at the Battle of Yorktown the night The Peninsula Campaign (also known as the Peninsular Campaign) of the American Civil War was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Background Johnston withdrew his 60000-man army from the Virginia Peninsula as McClellan's army pursued him and approached the Confederate capital of Richmond Start of the Peninsula Campaign Opposing forces See also [[Seven Days Confederate order of battle]] [[Seven Days Union order of battle]] Almost

On July 22, 1862, Hill and Union Major General John A. Dix concluded an agreement for the general exchange of prisoners between the Union and Confederate armies. John Adams Dix ( July 24, 1798 April 21, 1879) was an American Politician from New York. ^[3] This agreement became known as the Dix-Hill Cartel. The Dix-Hill Cartel was an agreement concluded on July 22, 1862 between the Confederate and Union governments to handle the general exchange

In the Maryland Campaign of 1862, Hill's men fought at South Mountain. The Maryland Campaign, or the Antietam Campaign, of September 1862 is widely considered one of the major turning points of the American Civil War. The Battle of South Mountain (known in several early Southern accounts as the Battle of Boonsboro Gap) was fought September 14, 1862, as Scattered as far north as Boonsboro when the fighting began, the division fought tooth and nail, buying Lee's army enough time to concentrate at nearby Sharpsburg. Hill's division saw fierce action in the infamous sunken road ("Bloody Lane") at Antietam, and he rallied a few detached men from different brigades to hold the line at the critical moment. He had three horses shot out from under him during the battle. ^[4]

D. H. Hill's division was held in reserve at the Battle of Fredericksburg. Background and Burnside's plan The battle was the result of an effort by the Union Army to regain the initiative in its struggle against Lee's smaller but more aggressive army At this point, conflicts with Lee began to surface. On the reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia after Stonewall Jackson's death, Hill was not appointed to a corps command. The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. He already had been detached from Lee's Army and sent to his home state to recruit troops. During the Gettysburg Campaign he led Confederate reserve troops protecting Richmond, and successfully resisted a half-hearted advance by Union forces under John A. Dix and Erasmus Keyes in late June. The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War. John Adams Dix ( July 24, 1798 April 21, 1879) was an American Politician from New York. Erasmus Darwin Keyes ( May 29 1810 &ndash October 14 1895) was a businessman banker and military general noted for leading the IV Corps In 1863, he was sent to the newly reorganized Army of Tennessee, with a provisional promotion to lieutenant general, to command one of Braxton Bragg's corps. The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the Braxton Bragg (March 22 1817 &ndash September 27 1876 was a career United States Army officer and then a General in the Confederate States Army, a In the bloody and confused victory at Chickamauga, Hill's forces saw some of the heaviest fighting. Initial movements in the Chickamauga Campaign In his successful Tullahoma Campaign in the summer of 1863 Rosecrans moved southeast from Murfreesboro Tennessee Afterwards, Hill joined several other generals openly condemning Bragg's failure to exploit the victory. President Jefferson Davis came to personally resolve this dispute, all in Bragg's favor. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The Army of Tennessee was reorganized again, and Hill was left without a command. Davis then refused to confirm Hill's promotion, effectively demoting him back to major general.

After that, D. H. Hill commanded as a volunteer in smaller actions away from the major armies. Hill participated in the Battle of Bentonville in North Carolina. The Battle of Bentonville was fought March 19 &ndash 21, 1865, in Bentonville North Carolina, near the current town of Four Oaks Hill was a division commander when he, along with Joseph E. Johnston, surrendered on April 26, 1865. Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3 1807 &ndash March 21 1891 was a career U Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

Post-War

From 1866 to 1869, Hill edited a magazine, The Land We Love, at Charlotte, North Carolina, which dealt with social and historical subjects and had a great influence in the South. In 1877, he became the first president of the University of Arkansas, a post that he held until 1884, and, in 1885, president of the Military and Agricultural College of Milledgeville, Georgia until August 1889 when he resigned due to failing health. The University of Arkansas, often shortened to U of A or just UA, is a public Co-educational Land-grant university Established in 1879 in Milledgeville, Georgia Military College (abbreviated as GMC now includes a liberal arts junior college a high school and a middle school The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule General Hill died at Charlotte the following month, and is buried in Davidson College Cemetery. ^[5][6]

In memoriam

The large library at North Carolina State University is named after Daniel Harvey Hill, Jr. DH Hill Library is the main library at North Carolina State University. North Carolina State University at Raleigh is a public, Coeducational extensive Research University located in Raleigh North Carolina (1859 – 1924), the son of Gen. D. H. Hill.

References

• R. V. Johnson and C. C. Buel, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, 1887-88.
• Clement Anselm Evans (editor), Confederate Military History, 1899.
• Bridges, Hal (1961). Lee's Maverick General: Daniel Harvey Hill. New York: McGraw-Hill.  
• Hawkins, Vincent B. (1992). "Daniel Harvey Hill", The Harper Encyclopedia of Military Biography, Edited by Trevor_N._Dupuy et al. Trevor Nevitt Dupuy (Colonel U S Army, retired soldier and noted military historian was born in New York on May 3, 1916. New York: HarperCollins, pp. 332-33.  
• US Department of War (1880 - 1901). The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies. The Official Records of the American Civil War or often more simply the Official Records or ORs, constitute the most extensive collection of Primary sources Washington: Government Printing Office.  
• Richard Owen; James Owen (1997). Generals at Rest: The Grave Sites of the 425 Official Confederate Generals. Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Publishing Co. . ISBN 1-57249-045-4.  
• Wikisource. Wikisource is a Wikimedia project to build a free, Wiki Library of Source texts along with translations into any language Wikisource: Dix-Hill Cartel. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
• Dr. Dan L. Morrill, Daniel Harvey Hill: The Formative Years
• Ed Churchill, Daniel Harvey Hill -- His Own Worst Enemy
• Civil War Biographies
• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

Notes