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Dangun Wanggeom was the legendary founder of Gojoseon, the first Korean kingdom, around present-day Liaoning, Manchuria, and the northern Korean Peninsula. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Physical geography See also Geography of North Korea, Geography of South Korea Mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains are He is said to be the grandson of heaven, and to have founded the kingdom in 2333 BC. Although the term Dangun commonly refers to the founder, some believe it was a title meaning "high priest" used by all rulers of Gojoseon, and that Wanggeom was the proper name of the founder. [1] The earliest recorded version of the Dangun legend appears in the 13th century Samguk Yusa, which cites China's Book of Wei and Korea's lost history text Gogi (古記). Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo The Book of Wei ( is a classic Chinese historical writing compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and serves as an important historical
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Dangun's ancestry legend begins with his grandfather Hwanin or Hwaneen (환인; 桓因), the "Lord of Heaven" (a name which also appears in Indian Buddhist texts). The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. This article is about the prehistory of the Korean Peninsula, from circa 500000 BCE through 300 BCE The Jeulmun Pottery Period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 8000-1500 B The Mumun pottery period is an Archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE bordering the Korean Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the period after the fall of Gojoseon and before the maturation of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla into Buyeo, Puyŏ, or Fuyu was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd Okjeo was a small tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 150 BCE to around 400 CE Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gaya was a confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan North South States Period ( 698 CE - 936 CE refers to the period in Korean history when Silla and Balhae Unified Silla ( 668 CE - 935 CE or Later Silla is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Alternate meaning Bohai Sea Balhae (698 - 926 ( Bohai in Chinese, Пархэ in Russian) was an The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892 - 936 consisted of Silla, Hubaekje ("Later Baekje " and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 Two Japanese invasions of Korea and subsequent battles on the Korean peninsula took place during the years 1592-1598 The First Manchu invasion of Korea occurred in 1627 when Hong Taiji led the Manchu army against Korea 's Joseon dynasty. The Korean Empire was a former small empire of Korea that lasted from the Gwangmu Restoration of 1897 until Japan 's annexation of Korea in 1910 Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a Government in exile based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan For the history of Korea before its division, see History of Korea. For the history of the Korea before its division, see History of Korea. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates This is a Timeline of the History of Korea. Some dates prior to the 6th century CE are speculative or approximate Korea ' s military history spans back thousands of years beginning with the kingdom of Gojoseon and its repulsions of ancient China The naval history of Korea dates back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea period when simple fishing ships were used Like most other regions in the world science and technology in Korea has experienced periods of intense growth as well as long periods of stagnation Hwanin, (also pronounced "Han-in" 한인 or Divine Regent is a figure in Korean mythology. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Hwanin had a son Hwanung who yearned to live on the earth among the valleys and the mountains. Hwanung (환웅 桓雄 or Supreme Divine Regent is an important figure in the mythological origins of Korea. Hwanin permitted Hwanung and 3000 followers to descend onto Baekdu Mountain, then called Taebaek Mountain (태백산; 太伯山), where Hwanung founded Sinsi (신시; 神市, "City of God"). Baekdu Mountain, also known as Changbai Mountain in China, is a volcanic Mountain on the border between China and North Korea Shinshi ( Hangeul: 신시 Hanja: 神市 or ' Baedal ( Hangul: 배달국 Hanja: 倍達國 in Hwandangogi' was a semi-legendary ancient Along with his ministers of clouds, rain, and wind, he instituted laws and moral codes and taught humans various arts, medicine, and agriculture.
A tiger and a bear prayed to Hwanung that they may become human. Upon hearing their prayers, Hwanung gave them 20 cloves of garlic and a bundle of mugwort, ordering them to eat only this sacred food and remain out of the sunlight for 100 days. Artemisia vulgaris ( mugwort or common wormwood) is one of several species in the genus Artemisia with names containing mugwort The tiger gave up after about twenty days and left the cave. However, the bear remained and was transformed into a woman.
The bear-woman (Ungnyeo; 웅녀; 熊女) was grateful and made offerings to Hwanung. Ungnyeo (웅녀 / 熊女 was a bear that became a woman She was featured prominently in the creation myth of the Korean nation. However, she lacked a husband, and soon became sad and prayed beneath a Sindansu (신단수; 神檀樹, "Divine Betula") tree to be blessed with a child. Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Hwanung, moved by her prayers, took her for his wife and soon she gave birth to a son, who was named Dangun Wanggeom.
Dangun ascended to the throne, built the walled city of Pyongyang (present capital of North Korea), and called the kingdom Joseon. Pyongyang (pʰjʌŋjaŋ is the Capital and largest City of North Korea, located on the Taedong River, at. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, He then moved his capital to Asadal on Mount Baegak (or Mount Gunghol). In Korean mythology and history Asadal was the capital city of Gojoseon, which some Korean historians allege was the first recorded kingdom of Korea Fifteen hundred years later, in the year Kimyo, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty enfeoffed Jizi to Joseon, and Dangun moved his capital to Jangdangyeong. The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. King Wu may refer to King Wu of Zhou King Wu of Qin King Wu of Bohai The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. Under the feudal system, enfeoffment was the deed by which a person was given land in exchange for a pledge of service Jizi (Chinese 箕[[wikt 子|子]] ( Gija in Korean) was a semi-legendary Chinese sage who is said to have ruled Gojoseon by theory Finally, he returned to Asadal and became a mountain god at the age of 1,908. [2]
Dating
Dangun's rule is usually calculated to begin in 2333 BC, based on the description of the Dongguk Tonggam (1485) as the 50th year of the reign of the legendary Chinese Emperor Yao. The Dongguk Tonggam is a chronicle of early Korean history, compiled by Seo Geo-jeong (1420-1488 and other scholars in the 15th century China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors ( were mythological rulers of China during the period from c Other sources vary somewhat, but also put it during Yao's reign (traditional dates: 2357 BC-2256 BC). Samguk Yusa states Dangun ascended to the throne in the 50th year of Yao's reign, while Sejong Sillok says the first year and Dongguk Tonggam says the 25th year. Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo
Until 1961, the official South Korean era (for numbering years) was called the Dangi (단기; 檀紀), which began in 2333 BC. Dangi is a small town in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. This small town is located near Kuala Pilah. Daejonggyo considered October 3rd in the Korean calendar as Gaecheonjeol (개천절; 開天節, "Festival of the Opening of Heaven"). Taejonggyo is a religion of Korea. At 4300 years is Korea's oldest religion The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar Gaecheonjeol is a public holiday in South Korea on October 3. This day is now a national holiday in the Gregorian calendar, called National Foundation Day. In South Korea each public holiday belongs to one or more of three possible categories National Celebration Day( 국경일, 國慶日 National Flag Raising Day(국기게양일 國旗揭揚日 The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today
North Korea dates Dangun's founding of Gojoseon to early 30th century BCE. [3]
Interpretation
The earliest recorded version of the Dangun legend appears in the 13th century Samguk Yusa, which cites China's Book of Wei and Korea's lost history text Gogi (古記). Samguk Yusa, or Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms, is a collection of legends folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( Goguryeo The Book of Wei ( is a classic Chinese historical writing compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and serves as an important historical This is the best known and most studied version, but similar versions are recorded in the Jewang Un-gi by the late Goryeo scholar Yi Seunghyu 李承休 (1224-1300), as well as the Eungje Siju and Sejong Sillok of the early Joseon dynasty.
Scholars today regard the legend as reflecting the sun-worship and totemism common in the origin myths of Northeast Asia. "Sun god" redirects here For the Ramsey Lewis album see Sun Goddess (album. A totem is any supposed entity that watches over or assists a group of people such as a family Clan or tribe ( Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary and Webster's The bear is often found in origin myths of Manchuria and Russian Far East. Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Russian Far East (Да́льний Восто́к Росси́и ˈdalʲnʲɪj vʌˈstok rʌˈsʲiɪ is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i The legend therefore may hint at the relationships among various tribes that worshipped the sun, bear, and tiger. [4]
The story further illustrates the importance of knowledge of weather to the early agricultural peoples of Korea.
Archaeological site
In the 1990s, North Korea claimed it had found and excavated parts of the Mausoleum of Dangun. North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Mausoleum of Dangun is ancient burial site in Kangdong near Pyongyang, North Korea. Scholars outside of North Korea are generally skeptical of the dating methods and the extent of renovations, since the government has not permitted independent access and testing.
Dangun as religion
During the Mongol invasions of Korea, the Dangun legend is thought to have played an important role in national unity and patriotic mobilization against the invaders. The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 Gosindo (고신도; 古神道), a version of Korean shamanism that considered Dangun a god, had a small following, but had largely died out by the 15th century. Korean shamanism encompasses a variety of indigenous beliefs and practices that have been influenced by Buddhism and Taoism.
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with a resurgence in Korean nationalism after repeated Japanese invasions and the beginning of Japanese rule (1910-1945), the movement was revived in Daejonggyo (대종교; 大宗敎). Korean Nationalism is a term referring to the cultural, historical, political and shared social history that unifies the Korean people For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. Taejonggyo is a religion of Korea. At 4300 years is Korea's oldest religion It was promoted by Na Cheol (1864-1916), but could not survive the repression under the occupation (Taejonggyo (1999)/Tangun), since it conflicted with the Japanese cultural assimilation policy. A region or society where several different groups are spontaneously assimilated is sometimes referred to as a Melting pot. After the surrender of Japan and Korean liberation, Daejonggyo was revived, although it remains a minor religion. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close [5]
Dangun is worshipped today as a deity by the followers of Cheondogyo. Cheondoism or Chondoism (in Korean Hangul 천도교 Cheondogyo, " Religion of the Heavenly Way" is a 20th-century [6]
Dangun in Taekwondo
Dangun is the second pattern or tul in the ITF form of the Korean martial art taekwon-do. The Korean terms hyeong, pumsae and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern" are all used to refer to Martial arts forms that are The International Taekwon-Do Federation or ( ITF) exists to promote and encourage the growth of the Korean martial art of Taekwondo. Taekwondo (Korean태권도thɛʔkwʌndo Englishˈteɪˈkwɒnˈdoʊ is a Korean Martial art and the National sport of South Korea Students learn that the tul represents "The holy legendary founder of Korea in the year 2333 BC". Unusually for a tul, all the punches in Dangun are high section (at eye level), symbolising Dangun scaling a mountain. see Dan-Gun Hyung. The Korean terms hyeong, pumsae and teul (meaning "form" or "pattern" are all used to refer to Martial arts forms that are
| Preceded by none |
King of Gojoseon 2333 BC – 2240 BC |
Succeeded by King Buru |
See also
References
- ^ Encyclopedia Mythica
- ^ Translation by Peter H. Lee
- ^ KCNA
- ^ Encyclopedia Mythica
- ^ Adherents
- ^ Encyclopedia Mythica
Further reading
- DPRK Academy of Social Sciences, "Tangun Founder King of Korea", Foreign Languages Publishing House, softcover, 168 pages
External links
- The Legend of Tan-Gun
- Myth of Korea: Tangun
- Korean Myths and Tales
- The T'angun Legend
- Korean Tales in French
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The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates The 24th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC Events Estimation Akkad, capital of the Akkadian Empire becomes the largest city of the world taking the lead from Memphis, capital of Egypt Emperor Buru (부루 임금 夫婁君 or Buru Dangun ( Hangul:부루 단군 Hanja:夫婁檀君 (r Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates This is a list of famous Koreans or famous people of Korean descent This is a list of articles on Korea -related people places things and conceptsDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic