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Dan (Hebrew: דן), formerly named Laish, is a town mentioned by the Bible, in which it is portrayed as the northernmost town of the Kingdom of Israel, and formerly as the main town of the Tribe of Dan. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin The Kingdom of Israel ( ( KJV Israel in Samaria) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel' Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s The Tribe of Dan ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. The town has been securely identified with the archaeological site known as Tel el-Qadi, which consequently has become known to Israelis as Tel Dan. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos Tel Dan ("Mound of Dan" תל דן in Hebrew) also known as Tel el-Qadi ( Mound of the Judge in Arabic, literal translation of the Hebrew

To the west of Dan are the southern mountains of the Lebanon range, while to the east and north were the Hermon mountains. Mount Lebanon ( Arabic: جبل لبنان as a geographic designation is the Lebanese mountain range known as the Western Mountain Range of Lebanon Mount Hermon ( הר חרמון Har Hermon, جبل الشيخجبل حرمون Jabal el-Shaiykh, Jabal Haramon Melting snow from the Hermon mountains provides the majority of the water of the Jordan River, and passes through Dan making the immediate area highly fertile. This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia The lush vegetation that results makes the area around Dan seem somewhat out of place in the otherwise arid region around it. In general terms the Climate of a local or region is said to be arid when it is characterized by a severe lack of available Water, to the extent of hindering

Contents

Pre Israelite Town

According to the archaeological remains of Tel el Qadi, the town was originally occupied in the late Neolithic era (c 4500BC), although at some time in the fourth millennium BC it became abandoned; the abandonment lasting for up to 1000 years. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos

According to the Book of Judges, prior to the Tribe of Dan occupying the land, the town was known as Laish, and allied with the Sidonians; this presumably indicates they were Phoenicians (Sidonians were one of the Phoenician groups), who may or may not have been Canaanite[1]. Book of Judges ( Hebrew: Sefer Shoftim ספר שופטים is a book of the Bible originally written in Hebrew. Sidon,or Saïda, ( Arabic ar صيدا; Phoenician phoenician yodh Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Canaanites redirects here For the 1940s social and political movement in Israel, see Canaanites (movement. The alliance had little practical benefit due to the remoteness of the town from Sidon, and the intervening Lebanon mountains[2]. Sidon,or Saïda, ( Arabic ar صيدا; Phoenician phoenician yodh As a consequence of the Hermon mountains, the town was also isolated from the Assyrians and Aram[3]; the Septuagint mentions that the town was unable to have an alliance with the Aramaeans. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the The masoretic text does not mention the Aramaeans, but instead states that the town had no relationship with any man - textual scholars believe that this is a typographic error, with adham (man) being a mistake for aram[4]. The Masoretic Text ( MT) is the Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible ( Tanakh) Textual criticism (or lower criticism) is a branch of Literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of Transcription errors in

Occupancy by the Tribe of Dan

According to the narrative in Judges concerning Micah's Idol[5], the Tribe of Dan did not at that point have any Israelite territory to their name[6], and so, after scouting out the land, eventually decided to attack Laish, as the land around it was fertile, and the town was unmilitarised and did not have practical alliances. The narrative of Micah's Idol, recounted in the Book of Judges, concerns the Tribe of Dan, their conquest of Laish, and the sanctuary that was subsequently Most Biblical scholars now believe that the Tribe of Dan originated as one of the Sea Peoples, hence remaining on their ships in the early Song of Deborah, and not having Israelite land to their name[7][8], though conservative scholars argue that the Tribe of Dan were migrating due to being forced out of their original lands by the Philistines. This article is about the academic treatment of the bible as a historical document The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern shores of the Mediterranean, caused political See also Biblical judges Book of Judges List of women warriors in folklore literature and popular culture The Philistines ( Hebrew פלשתים plishtim) (see "other uses" below were a people who inhabited the southern coast of Canaan,

The narrative in Judges goes on to describe the Tribe of Dan brutally defeating the people of Laish and burning the town to the ground, after which they built their own town in the same spot. However, textual scholars believe that the whole narrative concerning Micah's idol is a slur on the sanctuary at Dan, by a writer or writers who were opposed to the presence of idols there, and hence that the apparent brutality may not reflect historic reality[9]. The narrative states that Laish subsequently became known as Dan, after the name of the tribe, and that it housed a sanctuary filled with idols, which remained in use until the time of captivity of the land and the time that the house of God ceased to be in Shiloh. Shiloh or Shilo may refer to People Shiloh (given name Shiloh Nouvel Jolie-Pitt, daughter of Angelina Jolie Scholars think that the former refers to the Assyrian conquest of the Kingdom of Israel by Tiglath-pileser III in 733/732 BCE, and that the latter refers to the time of Hezekiah's religious reform[10]; an alternative possibility, however, supported by a minority of scholars, is that time of captivity of the land is a typographic error and should read time of captivity of the ark, referring to the battle of Eben-Ezer, and the Philistine capture of the Ark, and that the ceasing of the house of God being in Shiloh refers to this also[11]. The Kingdom of Israel ( ( KJV Israel in Samaria) was one of the successor states to the older United Monarchy (also often called the 'Kingdom of Israel' Tiglath-Pileser III (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra" was a prominent king Hezekiah (or Ezekias) ( Hebrew: Ḥizqiyyāhu Khizkiyahu or Yəḥizqiyyāhu Y'khizkiyahu " the {{LORD}} has strengthened" compare Eben-Ezer (אבן העזר Even Ha'Ezer, lit stone of help) is the name of a location that is mentioned by the Books of Samuel as the scene of battles The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein

As part of the Kingdom of Israel

According to the Book of Kings, Jeroboam I set up an idol of a golden calf at Dan, and another at Bethel[12]. Jeroboam (yarobh`am Hieroboam in the Septuagint; commonly held to have been derived from riyb and `am and signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the Bethel (בֵּית אֵל also written as Beth El or Beth-El, meaning "House of God" (in general or " House of (the specific god named El Textual scholars believe that this is where the Elohist story of Aaron's Golden Calf actually originates, due to opposition in some sections of Israelite society (including the Elohist themselves) to the seeming idol-worship of Jeroboam[13]. The Elohist (E is one of four sources of the Torah described by the Documentary Hypothesis. This article is about Aaron the Levite in the Hebrew Bible, the Qu'ran, and other sources The golden calf (עגל הזהב was an idol (a Cult image) made for the Israelites during Moses ' absence as he went up to Mount Sinai However, Biblical scholars believe that Jeroboam was actually trying to outdo the sanctuary at Jerusalem (Solomon's Temple), by creating a seat for God that spanned the whole kingdom of Israel, rather than just the small space above the Ark of the Covenant in Jerusalem; the seat for God in the Jerusalem sanctuary was represented by a cherubim on either side, while scholars believe that Jeroboam was using the calves to represent the sides of his seat for God - implying his whole kingdom was equal in holiness to the Ark[14]

Dan suffered in the era of expansion by the Aramaeans, due to being the closest city to them in the kingdom of Israel. Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein CHERUB is a series of young adult books written by the author Robert Muchamore. The several incursions indicated by the Book of Kings suggest that Dan changed hands at least four times between the kingdom of Israel and Aramaeans, around the time that Israel was ruled by Ahab and the Aramaeans by Ben Hadad I, and their successors. Ahab (or Ach'av or) was king of Israel and the son and successor of Omri ( 1 Kings 1629-34 Around this time, the Tel Dan stele was created by the Aramaeans, during one of the periods of their control of Dan. The Tel Dan Stele is a black Basalt Stele erected by an Aramaean king in northernmost Israel, containing an Aramaic inscription to When the Assyrian empire expanded to the south, the kingdom of Israel initially became a vassal state, but after rebelling, the Assyrians invaded, the town fell to Tiglath-pileser III in 733/732 BCE. Tiglath-Pileser III (from the Hebraic form of Akkadian: Tukultī-apil-Ešarra, "my trust is in the son of Esharra" was a prominent king

See also

Citations and notes

  1. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible, passim
  2. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
  3. ^ ibid
  4. ^ ibid
  5. ^ Judges 17 and 18
  6. ^ Judges 18:1
  7. ^ Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology, Yigael Yadin, And Dan, Why Did He Remain in Ships? 1968
  8. ^ Biblical Archaeology Review, When Canaanites and Philistines Ruled Ashkelon, March/April 1991
  9. ^ Peake's commentary on the Bible
  10. ^ ibid
  11. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia
  12. ^ 1 Kings ?:?
  13. ^ Richard Elliott Friedmann, Who Wrote the Bible?
  14. ^ ibid

External links

Baalbek (بعلبك is a town in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon, altitude 1170 m (3850 ft situated east of the Litani River. The narrative of Micah's Idol, recounted in the Book of Judges, concerns the Tribe of Dan, their conquest of Laish, and the sanctuary that was subsequently Tel Dan ("Mound of Dan" תל דן in Hebrew) also known as Tel el-Qadi ( Mound of the Judge in Arabic, literal translation of the Hebrew Tribe of Dan was also a band from the mid 1990s The Tribe of Dan ( was one of the Tribes of Israel. Biblical Archaeology Review (BAR is a publication that seeks to connect the academic study of archaeology to a broad general audience seeking to understand the world of the The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Richard Elliott Friedman is a biblical scholar and the Ann and Jay Davis Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Georgia.
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