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Damodar River
none Damodar River in the lower reaches of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in dry season
Damodar River in the lower reaches of the Chota Nagpur Plateau in dry season
Country India
States Jharkhand, West Bengal
Major cities Dhanbad, Asansol, Durgapur
Landmarks Tenughat Dam, Panchet Dam, Durgapur Barrage, Rondia Anicut
Length 592 km (368 mi)
Discharge at Hooghly River
Source Chandwa, Palamau
Major tributaries
 - left Barakar River

Damodar River (Bengali: দামোদর নদ) originates near Chandwa village, Palamau district, on the Chota Nagpur Plateau in the Jharkhand state in eastern India, and flows eastward for about 592 km through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal to the estaury of the River Hooghly. The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Dhanbad (धनबाद is a city of Jharkhand Dhanbad is also the administrative headquarter of Dhanbad district and Dhanbad Municipal Corporation (DMC Asansol (আসানসোল a coal-mining-industrial-commercial centre is the second largest city in West Bengal, after Kolkata. "Durgapur" redirects here For other uses see Durgapur (disambiguation. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand A mile is a unit of Length, usually used to measure Distance, in a number of different systems including Imperial units United States The Hooghly River ( Bengali হুগলী Hugli; Anglicized alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) or the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, is Palamau is a district of Jharkhand state India. The district lies between 23°50&prime and 24°8&prime north Latitude and between 83°55&prime The Barakar River (বরাকর নদী is the main tributary of Damodar River in eastern India. Palamau is a district of Jharkhand state India. The district lies between 23°50&prime and 24°8&prime north Latitude and between 83°55&prime The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. The Hooghly River ( Bengali হুগলী Hugli; Anglicized alternatively spelled Hoogli or Hugli) or the Bhāgirathi-Hooghly, is It has a number of tributaries and subtributaries, such as Barakar, Konar, Bokaro, Haharo, Jamnai, Ghari, Guaia, Khadia and Bhera. The Barakar River (বরাকর নদী is the main tributary of Damodar River in eastern India. [1][2]

In some of the local languages of Jharkhand it is called Damuda, damu means sacred and da means water. The Damodar earlier used to flow through Bengal on a direct west to east course and join the River Hughli near Kalna. However, it has changed its course and in its lower reaches most of the water flows into the Mundeswari river, which combines with other rivers and finally most of the Damodar water flows into the Rupnarayan River. Mundeswari river is a small river in West Bengal but during the monsoons it causes serious floods in Hooghly, Purba Medinipur and Howrah districts The Rupnarayan River is a River in India. It begins as the Dhaleswari (Dhalkisor in the Chhota Nagpur plateau foothills northeast of the town of The balance water flows through what is known as Damodar into the Hughli south of Kolkata. [1]

The Barakar is the most important tributary of the Damodar. It originates near Padma in Hazaribagh district and flows through Jharkhand before meeting the Damodar near Dishergarh in West Bengal. The Damodar and the Barakar trifurcates the Chota Nagpur plateau. The rivers pass through hilly areas with great force, sweeping away whatever lies in their path. Two bridges on the Grand Trunk Road near Barhi in Hazaribagh district were torn down by the Barakar, the great stone bridge in 1913 and the subsequent iron bridge in 1946. The Grand Trunk Road (commonly abbreviated to GT Road is one of South Asia 's oldest and longest major roads [3]

Contents

River of Sorrows

The Chota Nagpur Plateau receives an average annual rainfall of around 1400 mm, almost all of it in the monsoon months between June and August. [4]The huge volume of water that flows down the Damodar and its tributaries during the monsoons used to be a fury in the upper reaches of the valley but in the lower valley it used to overflow its banks and flood large areas.

Damodar River was earlier known as the River of Sorrows [5]as it used to flood many areas of Bardhaman, Hughli, Howrah and Medinipur districts. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bardhaman (also Barddhaman; Bengali: বর্ধমান Bôrdhoman) is a city Midnapore District was split on January 1 2002 into Purba Medinipur and Paschim Medinipur districts Even now the floods sometimes affect the lower Damodar Valley but the havoc it wreaked in earlier years is now a matter of history.

The floods were virtually an annual ritual but in some years the damage was probably more and so many of the great floods of the Damodar are recorded in history – 1770, 1855, 1866, 1873-74, 1875-76, 1884-85, 1891-92, 1897, 1900, 1907, 1913, 1927, 1930, 1935 and 1943. In four of these floods (1770, 1855, 1913 and 1943) most of Bardhaman town was flooded.

In 1789 an agreement was signed between Maharaja Kirti Chand of Burdwan and the East India Company wherein the Maharaja was asked to pay an additional amount of Rs. Bardhaman Raj (also known as Burdwan Raj flourished from 1657 to 1955 – for almost 300 years first under the Mughals and then under the British 1,93,721 for the construction and maintenance of embankment to prevent floods. However, these ran into dispute and in 1866 and 1873, The Bengal Embankment Act was passed, transferring the powers to build and maintain embankment to the government.

So great was the deavstation every year that the floods passed into folklore, as the following Bhadu (popular folklore in the region) song testifies:

asara maasey chaas koirechhi
anbo bhadu bhadore.
damudare baan dekkechhe
kheya lau nai chole.
hei damudar pae pori
tuchka tumi baan kamao.
bachhor pore bhadu asbek
lau bukey bhaste dao.
We have sown the crops in Asar
We will bring Bhadu in Bhadra.
Floods have swollen the Damodar
The sailing boats cannot sail.
O Damodar! We fall at your feet
Reduce the floods a little.
Bhadu will come a year later
Let the boats sail on your surface.

Damodar Valley

The Damodar Valley is spread across Hazaribagh, Koderma, Giridih, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Chatra districts in Jharkhand and Bardhaman and Hooghly districts in West Bengal and partially covers Palamu, Ranchi, Lohardaga and Dumka districts in Jharkhand and Howrah, Bankura and Purulia districts in West Bengal with a command area of 24,235 sq km. Hazaribagh district is one of the districts of Jharkhand state India, and Hazaribagh town is the district headquarters Koderma district is one of the twenty-two districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Koderma is the administrative headquarters of this district Giridih district is one of the twenty-two districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Giridih is the administrative headquarters of this district Dhanbad district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dhanbad is the administrative headquarters of this district Bokaro district is one of the twenty-two districts of Jharkhand state India. Chatra district is one of the twenty-two districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Chatra is the administrative headquarters of this district Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. Bardhaman ( Bengali: বর্ধমান bôrdhoman) is a district in West Bengal. Hooghly is one of the districts of the state of West Bengal in India. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. Palamau is a district of Jharkhand state India. The district lies between 23°50&prime and 24°8&prime north Latitude and between 83°55&prime Ranchi district is one of the twenty-four districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Ranchi (city is the district headquarters and also the Lohardaga district is one of the twenty-two districts of the Indian state of Jharkand. Dumka district is one of the 22 districts of Jharkhand state, India, and Dumka is the administrative headquarters of this district Howrah (হাওড়া জেলা is a district of the West Bengal state in eastern India. Bankura (বাঁকুড়া is one of the six districts of Bardhaman division in West Bengal. Purulia district is one of the 19 districts of West Bengal state in eastern India.

The Damodar Valley contains large reserves of coal and mica, and the area is a highly developed industrial belt. The word "mica" is thought to be derived from the Latin word la micare, "glitteren" in reference to the brilliant appearance of this mineral (especially Many refer to the Damodar Valley as the Ruhr of India because of its similarities with the Ruhr mining-industrial area of Germany. The dams on the Damodar River have several hydroelectric power plants. Of late, the Damodar has become one of the most polluted rivers of India, with chemicals, mine rejects and toxic effluents flowing into the river from mines and industries located in the valley. Efforts are being made to reduce the level of pollution in the river

The Damodar Valley lies in the Chota Nagpur Plateau of the state of Jharkhand, India. The Chota Nagpur Plateau (also Chhota Nagpur) is a plateau in eastern India which covers much of Jharkhand state as well as adjacent parts of Orissa, Jharkhand ( Hindi: झारखंड Bengali: ঝাড়খণ্ডdʒʰaːɽkʰəɳɖ is a state in eastern India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It also extends to some parts of the state of West Bengal. West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. The valley derives its name from the Damodar River, which arises from the plateau of Chota Nagpur. The Damodar Valley is one of the most industrialised parts of India. Three integrated steel plants (Bokaro, Burnpur and Durgapur) of Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) and other factories are located in the valley. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Burnpur (বার্ণপুর is an important industrial city in Asansol sub-division in the state "Durgapur" redirects here For other uses see Durgapur (disambiguation. Steel Authority of India Limited ( SAIL) is the largest Steel maker in India.

Damodar Valley contains a variety of mineral deposits, including very large deposits of coal and refractory materials. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific The largest (almost the only) reserves of coking coal in the country are found in the Jharia coalfields in the valley. The valley also generates 60% of India’s medium grade coal. Coal India Limited operates in the valley in a big way. Coal India Limited ( CIL) is a Public sector undertaking in India. Several dams have been constructed in the valley, for the generation of hydroelectric power. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water The valley is called “the Ruhr of India”. The Ruhr is a medium-size River in western Germany ( North Rhine-Westphalia) a right tributary (east-side of the Rhine. Damodar Valley Corporation, popularly known as DVC, came into being on July 7, 1948 by an Act of the Constituent Assembly of India (Act No. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Constituent Assembly of India was elected to write the Constitution of India, and served as its first Parliament as an independent nation XIV of 1948) as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. [6]It is modelled on the Tennessee Valley Authority of the USA. The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA is a federally owned Corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide [7]

The initial focus of the DVC were flood control, irrigation, generation, transmission and distribution of electricity, eco-conservation and afforestation, as well as job creation for the socio-economic well-being of the people residing in and around areas affected by DVC projects. However, over the past few decades, power generation has gained priority. Other objectives of the DVC, however, remain part of its primary responsibility. The dams in the valley have a capacity to moderate peak floods of 650,000 to 250,000 ft3/s. DVC has created irrigation potential of 3640 km2.

The first dam was built across the Barakar river, a tributary of the Damodar river at Tilaiya in 1953. The second one was built across the Konar river, another tributary of the Damodar river at Konar in 1955. Two dams across the rivers Barakar and Damodar were built at Maithon in 1957 and Panchet in 1959. Both the dams are some 8 km upstream of the confluence point of the rivers. These four major dams are controlled by DVC. Durgapur barrage was constructed downstream of the four dams in 1955, across the Damodar river at Durgapur in 1955, with head regulators for canals on either side for feeding an extensive system of canals and distributaries. [8][9]In 1978, the Government of Bihar (that was before the formation of the state of Jharkhand) constructed the Tenughat dam across the Damodar river outside the control of DVC. [10]It proposes to construct a dam across the Barakar river at Belpahari in Jharkhand state. [11]

References

  1. ^ a b Chattopadhyay, Akkori, Bardhaman Jelar Itihas O Lok Sanskriti (History and Folk lore of Bardhaman District. ), (Bengali), Vol I, pp. 21- 26, Radical Impression. ISBN 81-85459-36-3
  2. ^ Sabharwal, L. R. , I. F. S. , Conservator of Forests, Bihar, Notes as part of Appendix IV to Report of the Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee, 1943, republished in Rivers of Bengal, a compilation, Vol III, 2002, p. 236, West Bengal District Gazeteers, Government of West Bengal
  3. ^ Houlton, Sir John, Bihar the Heart of India, 1949, p. 117, Orient Longmans Ltd.
  4. ^ Damodar Valley. About the Region – Damodar Basin. Ministry of Environments and Forests. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  5. ^ Bose, Dr. N. K. , The Problems of Damodar, Appendix IV to Report of the Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee, 1943, republished in Rivers of Bengal, a compilation, Vol III, 2002, p. 204
  6. ^ Damodar Valley Corporation. Infrastructure – DVC Act. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  7. ^ Damodar Valley Corporation. Inrastructure – Formation. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  8. ^ Damodar Valley Corporation. Generation – Overview. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  9. ^ Damodar Valley Corporation. Generation – Overview – Dams and Barrages. Damodar Valley Corporation. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  10. ^ The Associated Programme On Flood Management. Case Study -- India: Flood Management – Damodar River Basin. World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.
  11. ^ Dutta, Indrani. DVC plans to double capacity. The Hindu Business Line 10 March 2001. Retrieved on 2008-05-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors.

See also

Bhadani Nagar

Coordinates: 22°17′N 88°05′E / 22.283, 88.083

A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
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