Dalian
—  Sub-provincial city  —
Chinese transliteration(s)
- Simplified	大连
- Pinyin	Dàlián
Dalian birdview
Dalian in Liaoning
Coordinates: 39°02′N 121°46′E / 39.033, 121.767
Country	China
Province	Liaoning
City seat	Xigang District
Government
- Mayor	Xia Deren
Area
- Sub-provincial city	13,237 km² (5,110. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Xia Deren ( Chinese:; born June 1955 in Dalian) is the mayor of Dalian, Liaoning, China (Jan Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi)
- Land	12,574 km² (4,854. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 8 sq mi)
Elevation	29 m (95 ft)
Population
- Sub-provincial city	6,200,000
- Density	468. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/km² (1,213. 1/sq mi)
- Urban	3,120,000
Time zone	China Standard (UTC+8)
Postal code	116000
Area code(s)	411
GDP	¥256. China standard time or Beijing time is the Time zone observed in the People's Republic of China ( PRC) UTC+8 is a band of Timezones separated from the Greenwich Mean Time by 8 hours The Postal code for the People's Republic of China uses a numeric six-digit System for the whole country A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks The Chinese Telephone Code Plan is the way to group telephone numbers in the mainland of the People's Republic of China. 8 billion (2006)
GDP per capita	¥ 45,590 (2001)
Coastline	1,906 km (excluding islands)
License plate prefixes	辽B
Website: http://www.dl.gov.cn

Dalian (simplified Chinese: 大连; traditional Chinese: 大連; pinyin: Dàlián) is the governing sub-provincial city in the eastern Liaoning Province of Northeast China. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The People's Republic of China issues vehicles Licence plates at its Vehicle Management Offices under the administration of the Ministry of Public Security Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A sub-provincial city ( Chinese: 副省级城市 (or deputy-provincial city in the People's Republic of China, is a Prefecture-level city ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Northeast China ( is a geographical region of China. It is separated from Russia largely by the Amur, Argun, and Ussuri rivers from Dalian is China's northernmost ice-free seaport. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo

Administration

Dalian is the second largest city of Liaoning Province, after Shenyang, the provincial capital. Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning Dalian City is governed by the Mayor and its Dalian Municipal People's Government.

Past and present mayors

The current Mayor since 2003 is Xia Deren, born in 1955 in Dalian, a Ph. Xia Deren ( Chinese:; born June 1955 in Dalian) is the mayor of Dalian, Liaoning, China (Jan D. in Finance, former President of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Vice Mayor of Dalian City and Vice Governor of Liaoning Province. Dongbei University of Finance & Economics (DUFE () is a state (provincial level university in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. The former mayor is Li Yongjin, now the People's Representative of Dalian, preceded by Bo Xilai, later Governor of Liaoning Province and then the Minister of Commerce in the Central Government, and now the party chief of Chongqing. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Bo. Bo Xilai (薄熙来 Pinyin: Bó XÄ«lái pronounced ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Chongqing ( Postal map spelling: Chungking; Wade-Giles: Ch'ung-ch'ing) is the largest and most populous of the People's Republic of China The Vice Mayors are Xing Liangzhong in charge of foreign trade and economy, Dai Yulin in charge of finance and science & technology. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated

Municipal Government

The Municipal Government is located in the main building on the north side of People's Square on Zhongshan Road, originally built as the Administrative Office of Kwantung Leased Territory, and other buildings in downtown Dalian. Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. The Kwantung Leased Territory ( Chinese: 關東州 关东州 Guāndōngzhōu Japanese: 関東州 Kantōshū was a territory in the southern part of the Liaodong There are the Commerce, Foreign Economy & Trade, Hygiene, Information Industry, Police, Religion, Science & Technology, Transportation and other city-level bureaus, which work closely with the corresponding agencies at the district level.

Dalian

The city administers 6 districts, 3 county-level cities, and 1 county. The term district, in the context of China, is used to refer to several unrelated political divisions in both ancient and modern China. A county-level city ( is a county-level administrative division of Mainland China. In the context of Political divisions of China, county is the standard English translation of 县 ( xiàn)

Ganjingzi, Zhongshan, Xigang, and Shahekou Districts make up the urban centre. Changhai County is made up entirely of islands east of the peninsula. There are 74 sub-districts and 127 town/townships (11 of which are ethnic). (see Political divisions of China#Levels)

There are, in addition, 4 national leading open zones (对外开放先导区):

• The Development Zone (开发区)
• The Free Trade Zone (保税区)
• The Hi-Tech Industrial Zone (高新技术产业园区)
• The Golden Pebble Beach National Holiday Resort (金石滩国家旅游度假区)

Geography

Location within China

One of the most heavily developed industrial areas of China, the Dalian administrative district today consists of Dalian proper and the smaller Lüshunkou (formerly Lüshun city, known in western and Russian historic references as Port Arthur), about forty nautical miles farther along the Liaotung/Liaodong Peninsula. See also Administrative divisions of the Republic of China Due to China 's large Population and area the political divisions of China have consisted Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Ganjingzi ( Chinese: 甘井子 Pinyin: Gānjǐngzi is a district of Dalian, Liaoning, China. Lüshun city or Lüshunkou or (literally Lüshun Port ( formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun, is a town located at the extreme southern Zhongshan District ( Chinese: 中山区 Pinyin:) is a district of Dalian, Liaoning, China. Wafangdian (瓦房店市 is a part of Dalian, located in the Liaoning province of China. Zhuanghe (Simplified Chinese 庄河 Traditional Chinese 莊河 is one of the three county-level cities under the administration of Dalian. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Lüshun city or Lüshunkou or (literally Lüshun Port ( formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun, is a town located at the extreme southern The Liáodōng Peninsula ( is a Peninsula in the Liáoníng province of northeastern China, historically known in the west as southern east- Manchuria Historical references note that the Russian designed city of Dalny (Alt. Dalney), on the south side of Talien Bay was 40 rail kilometers from Port Arthur/Lüshun (known today as Lüshunkou or literally, Lüshun Port). Dalianwan Bay is a bay on the southeast side of the Liaodong Peninsula of Northeast China, open to the Yellow Sea in the east

Dalian - Landsat photo (circa 2000)

Dalian is located west of the Yellow Sea and east of Bohai Sea roughly in the middle of the Liaodong/Liaotung peninsula at its narrowest neck or isthmus. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas With a coastline of 1,906km, it governs the entire Liaodong Peninsula and about 260 surrounding islands and reefs. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand It is south-south-west of the Yalu River, and its harbor entrance forms a sub-Bay known as Dalian Bay. The Yalu River ( Chinese) or the Amnok River ( Korean) is a River on the border between China and North Korea. Dalianwan Bay is a bay on the southeast side of the Liaodong Peninsula of Northeast China, open to the Yellow Sea in the east

Climate

The city's climate is a monsoon-influenced humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dwa), characterised by humid summers due to the East Asian monsoon, and harshly cold, windy, dry winters that reflect the influence of the vast Siberian anticyclone. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving In Meteorology, an anticyclone (that is opposite to a Cyclone) is a Weather phenomenon in which there is a descending movement of the air and Average low temperatures in January are at around -6° C, while average high temperatures in July are at around 27°C. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale.

History

Ancient

In the Qin and Han periods (221 B. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. C. -220 A. D. ), the Dalian region was under the jurisdiction of Liaodong county. In the early Tang Dynasty (618-907), the Dalian region was under the jurisdiction of Andong Prefecture in Jili state, and in the Liao Dynasty (916-1125), it was under the jurisdiction of Dong Jing Tong Liaoyang county. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Liao Dynasty ( 907 - 1125, also known as the Khitan Empire (契丹國 was an empire in northern China that ruled over the regions of Manchuria Dalian was named Sanshan in the period of Weijin (220-420), San Shanpu in the Tang Dynasty (618-907), Sanshan Seaport in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), and Qing Niwakou in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China

Qing Dynasty

In the 1880s, the Qing government constructed loading bridges and fortifications with built-in cannons, and set up mining camps on the northern coast of Dalian Gulf, and it became a small town.

British and Japanese Occupation, and the Soviet Union Lease

The settlement was occupied by the British in 1858, returned to the Chinese in the 1880s, and then occupied by Japan in 1895 during the first Sino-Japanese War. The First Sino-Japanese War ( 日清戦争 Romaji: Nisshin Sensō ( 1 August 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a war fought between While Japan's intention to lease Port Arthur and its surrounding areas based on the Treaty of Shimonoseki met with the Tripartite Intervention by France, Germany and Russia, the Russian Empire in 1898 succeeded in leasing the peninsula from the Qing Dynasty, and a modern city was laid out with the name of Dalny (Дальний). The Treaty of Shimonoseki ( Japanese: 下関条約 "Shimonoseki Jōyaku") known as the Treaty of Maguan ( in China was signed at The was a diplomatic intervention by Russia, Germany, and France on 23 April 1895 over the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya Linked to the Trans-Siberian Railway's branch line, Dalny became Russia's primary port-city in Asia. The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' Russian government contributed more than 10 million golden rubles (equivalent to 11,5 bln today's rubles) into the city foundation and building.

Dalny was the main battlefield of the Russo-Japanese War (1905).

Dairen (Dalian) in 1912

Both Dalny (Qingniwaqiao 青泥洼桥 of Zhongshan District, Dalian) and Port Arthur (Lüshunkou) were developed and heavily fortified by the Russians in the period prior to 1904. Lüshun city or Lüshunkou or (literally Lüshun Port ( formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun, is a town located at the extreme southern Consequently, some historians blame the fall of Port Arthur, a world shaking event of epic proportions, during the siege of Port Arthur on January 2, 1905 for the failure by Admiral Eugene Alexeyeff, to concentrate on the naval base and its fortifications, instead splitting precious resources shipped 5,000 miles across the single tracked Trans-Siberian Railway and Manchurian railways. The Siege of Port Arthur (旅順攻囲戦 Ryojun Kōisen) 1 August 1904 - 2 January 1905, the deep-water port and Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Trans-Siberian Railway or Trans-Siberian Railroad (Транссибирская магистраль Транссиб in Russian, or Transsibirskaya magistral' The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (also known as the Chinese Far East Railway) was a Railway in northeastern China ( Manchuria)

After the Russo-Japanese war Port Arthur was conceded to Japan (Treaty of Portsmouth), who set up the Kwantung Leased Territory or Guandongzhou, which is roughly the southern half (Jinzhou District and south) of the present-day Dalian City. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September The Treaty of Portsmouth formally ended the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War. The Kwantung Leased Territory ( Chinese: 關東州 关东州 Guāndōngzhōu Japanese: 関東州 Kantōshū was a territory in the southern part of the Liaodong Since the foundation of Manchukuo in 1932, the sovereignty of the territory moved from China to Manchukuo. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Japan still leased it from Manchukuo. Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern In 1937, the modern Dalian City was enlarged and modernized by the Japanese as two cities: the northern Dairen (Dalian) and the southern Ryojun (Lushun).

Post-World War II

With the unconditional surrender of Japan in August of 1945, Dalian, passed to the Soviets, who had liberated the city in advance of the end of hostilities and governed the city until 1950. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 During this period the Soviets and Chinese Communists cooperated in the further development of the city, its industrial infrastructure, and especially the port, which remained as the free port rented by the Soviet government. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The city had been relatively undamaged during the war.

In 1950, the USSR presented Dalian to the Chinese Communist government without any compensation. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 After the departure of the Soviets, China made Dalian into a major shipbuilding center. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a In the 1990s the city benefited from the attention of Bo Xilai (son of the important first generation Party elder, Bo Yibo) who was both mayor of the city and provincial party official, who, among other things, banned motorcycles, created large, lush parks in the city's many traffic circles, and generally built things up very attractively. This is a Chinese name; the family name is Bo. Bo Xilai (薄熙来 Pinyin: Bó XÄ«lái pronounced Bo Yibo ( ( February 17, 1908 &ndash January 15, 2007) was a Chinese politician and one of the Eight Immortals of the Communist He also preserved much of Dalian's interesting and attractive Japanese and Russian architectural heritage. has as long a history as any other aspect of Japanese culture. Russian architecture follows a tradition whose roots were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus'. His legacy, however, also includes the usual quota of empty buildings built with questionable loans, over-development, and corruption. He is the former Minister of Commerce of the People's Republic. The Ministry of Commerce ( Chinese: 商务部 of the People's Republic of China (MOFCOM formerly Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation (对外贸易经济合作部

Economy

Friendship Square in Dalian

Agriculture and Aquaculture

Dalian was originally an agriculture and aquaculture-based area, which, after the opening of the ferry between Yantai and Lüshun during the early 20th century, began to be populated by the farmers and fishermen of Shandong, across the Yellow Sea. ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. The Yellow Sea is the name given to the northern part of the East China Sea, which is a Marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean. Corn, vegetables, fruit such as apples, cherries and pears are Dalian's typical agricultural products. Aquaculture is well developed in Dalian, exporting seaweed, scallops, sea urchins and others to Japan, Korea and other countries.

Heavy, Light and Distribution Industries

Even before and during the Sino-Japanese War, the shipbuilding and locomotives industries were a thriving industry, such as the companies which later became Dalian Shipbuilding Co. and Dalian Locomotive & Roll Stock Works (DLoco). After the War, Dalian became an important center of the heavy and light industries, including companies such as Dalian Heavy Industry Co. , Dalian Chemical Group, and Wafangdian Bearing Co. ; and of the distribution industry, including such as Dashang Group. Overseas retailing giants, such as Wal-Mart from U. S. A. , Carrefour from France and Metro from Germany have recently opened stores in Dalian. Mycal, the Japanese retailing chain store, was bought out by its Chinese partner, Dashang Group, and is operated as Mykal.

Dalian Port is emerging as a very important port for international trade. A new harbor for oil tankers, at the terminus of an oil pipeline from the Daqing oilfields, was completed in 1976. Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. Daqing (formerly called "Taching" complex is the largest Oil field in the People's Republic of China (PRC located between the Songhua river Dalian is the largest petroleum port in China, and also the 3rd largest port overall. Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Accordingly, Dalian is a major center for oil refineries, diesel engineering, and chemical production. An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Also completed recently is a newer port on Dagushan Peninsula on the northern suburbs, specializing in import/export of mining and oil products. Together with its Dalian Railroad Station, Dalian International Airport and two major express roads ro Shenyang-Changchun-Harbin in the north and to Dandong to the east, Dalian has become an important distribution center. Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport ( Simplified Chinese: 大连周水子国际机场 Traditional Chinese: 大連周水子國際機場 Pinyin:

Dalian Development Zone

Dalian has been given many benefits by the Chinese government, including the title of "open-city" (1984), which allows it to receive considerable foreign investment (see Special Economic Zone). Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country A Special Economic Zone ( SEZ) is a geographical region that has economic laws that are more liberal than a country's typical economic laws The Development Zone was established in Jinzhou District, to which many Japanese manufacturing companies, such as Canon, Mitsubishi Electric, Nidec, Sanyo Electric and Toshiba, followed by Korean, American and European companies (such as Pfizer). is a Japanese Multinational corporation that specializes in imaging and optical products including Cameras photocopiers and Computer printers ( is a Japanese company based in the Tokyo Building in Tokyo, manufactures electric and architectural equipment as well as a major worldwide producer of () is a major Japanese electronics company and member of the Fortune 500 whose headquarters is located in Moriguchi, Osaka prefecture, Japan ( is a multinational conglomerate manufacturing company headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales In March 2007, Intel announced plans to build a semiconductor fabrication facility (commonly known as a fab) in the Development Zone, Dalian. It is Intel's first fab to be built at an entirely new site in over 15 years. The fab at Dalian will make the chip sets that support Intel's microprocessors and is expected to begin operation in the first half of 2010. (Source: The Wall Street Journal; March 26, 2007; Page B6)

Financial Industry

There are the Dalian branches of China's five major banks: Bank of China, Industrial & Commercial Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, and Agricultural Bank of China. Bank of China Limited ( BOC) ( often abbreviated as 中行 is one of the Big four state-owned commercial Banks of the People's Republic Industrial and Commercial Bank of China ( ICBC) ( more commonly just 工行 Gōngháng is the largest of China 's " Big Four " state-owned The China Construction Bank ( CCB) ( often abbreviated as 建行 is one of the ' Big four ' Banks in the People's Republic of China. Bank of Communications Limited ( BoCom or BoComm) ( often abbreviated as 交行 was founded in 1908 (the 34th year of the Guangxu reign period Qing Dynasty The Agricultural Bank of China ( ABC) ( is the one of the " Big Four " Banks in the People's Republic of China. Dalian Commercial Bank is now called Dalian Bank, which among other things handles processing of the Dalian Mingzhu IC Card for public transportation. Foreign banks, such as Citibank, HSBC, Bank of East Asia, Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi and Mizuho Corporate Bank also have branch offices. Citibank is a major international Bank, founded in 1812 as the City Bank of New York, later First National City Bank of New York. HSBC Holdings plc ( (,,,) is a Public limited company incorporated in England and Wales, headquartered in London. The Bank of East Asia Limited ( ( often abbreviated to BEA, is the largest independent local Bank and the third largest bank in Hong Kong. or BTMU, is a Japanese Bank that was established on January 1, 2006, with the merger of The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Ltd or MHCB, is the corporate and Investment banking subsidiary of Mizuho Financial Group, the second-biggest Japanese Financial services conglomerate

Dalian Commodity Exchange is the only one of its kind in China, expanding the futures market beyond soybeans. The Dalian Commodity Exchange ( DCE)(is a Chinese futures exchange based in Dalian. A "Financial Street" around the new Commodity Exchange building is now being planned.

IT Industry

Since the 1990s Dalian City has emphasized the development of the IT industry, especially in Dalian Hi-Tech Zone and Dalian Software Park in the western suburbs near Dalian University of Technology. Dalian Software Park ( Simplified Chinese: 大连软件园 or Traditional Chinese: 大連軟體園 is an Industrial zone, created in 1998 in Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学 is located in Dalian (大连 Liaoning (辽宁 China directly supervised by the State Ministry There, there are not only Chinese IT companies, such as DHC, Hisoft and Neusoft Group, but also American, European and Japanese IT companies, such as Accenture, Dell, Genpact (a General Electric company), HP, IBM, SAP AG, Alpine, CSK Holding, Panasonic, NEC and Sony. Neusoft Corporation or Neusoft Group Ltd ( Simplified Chinese: 东软集团 Traditional Chinese: 東軟 is the largest Software development Accenture () is a global Management consulting, Technology services, and Outsourcing company The multinational technology company Dell Inc develops manufactures sells and supports Personal computers and other computer-related products Genpact ( NYSE G is a Business process outsourcing (BPO company in India International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology SAP AG (,) is the largest European Software enterprise and the fourth largest in the world with headquarters in Walldorf, Germany CSK is a Japanese conglomerate owned by ( formed in 1968 that primarily provides IT services to businesses is a Japanese multinational IT company headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with

Dalian has recently become the world's important center of IT Outsourcing (ITO) and Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), after Bangalore of India, as aptly written in "The World Is Flat" by Thomas Friedman (2007). Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is an international bestselling book by Thomas L Thomas Lauren Friedman (born July 20, 1953) is an American journalist columnist and author In another way, Dalian is the forerunner of China's "Re-Development of the Old Industry Bases in Northeast" National Project, which began in 2002.

Viewing Dalian's Modern Industries

The Dalian Modern Museum in Xinghai Square is a good place to quickly view Dalian's present-day industries, with displays of the products and services of the major companies.

Also good are the city-wide festivals: China International Software & Information Service Fair (June), Dalian International Beer Festival (July-August) and Dalian International Auto Show (August) and Dalian International Fashion Week (September).

Tourism

Dalian is a very popular destination among Chinese tourists and foreign visitors, especially from Japan, South Korea and Russia. Its mild climate and multiple beaches as well as its importance in the modern history of China make it an especially nice place to visit. Some of the most famous beaches are Tiger beach, Xinghai beach, Jinshitan beach and Fujiazhuang beach. It is one of the three Best Tourism Cities (2006), along with Hangzhou and Chengdu, recognized by the National Tourism Administration. ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, ( located in southwest People's Republic of China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a Sub-provincial city.

Four Inner-City Districts

• Zhongshan Square and Friendship Square
• Lao Hu Tan and Fujiazhuang Beach

Lao Hu Tan is a good place to see natural scenery. There is Seabed World, Bird Woods and the recently completed Polar Region Zoo, where a dolphin show is a big attraction.

• Xinghai Square, Xingghai Park and Heishijiao
• Xinghai Square was built at the centinary of the City of Dalian (1998) and is slated to be East Asia's largest square. Xinghai Square, or Xinghai Plaza ( Chinese: 星海广场 Pinyin: Xīnghăi Guăngchăng is a City square in Dalian, China Xinghai beach is in side Xinghai Park. It is about 800m long and is an excellent place for swimming.

Jinzhou District and Development Zone (in the northern suburbs)

• Daheishan Mountain
• Jinshitan Sightseeing Area

Jinshitan beach, the Golden Pebble Beach is a tourist attraction with splendid coves and rock formations. There is also a golf course (Jinshitan International Golf Course), cross country motorcycling, a theme park (Discovery Kingdom) and a game forest. It is a good place for someone who wants silence and peace and it is excellent for swimming too.

Lüshunkou District (in the western suburbs)

• Lüshun Museum
• Lüshun Railroad Station
• 203 Highland and Shuishiying Meeting Place

The fiercest battle site and the signing site of the cease fire treaty, of the Battle of Lüshun during the Russo-Japanese War 1904-05.

Three Northern Cities of Greater Dalian

• Anbo Hotspring and Ski Course, in Pulandian City
• Zhangxing Island International Golf Course, in Wafangdian City
• Binyugou Scenic Area and Buyun Mountain Hotspring, in Zhuanhe City

Transportation

Local Transportation

Dalian is one of the few cities in China where there are not many bicycles, because the area is full of slopes, and where there are few motorcycles, because their sale is prohibited. The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. The number of cars on Dalian streets has increased dramatically in recent years, but traffic conditions are still maintained well. The city has a comprehensive bus system and an efficient light rail mass transit system, usually called Qinggui (轻轨), which connects Dalian Development Zone and Jinshitan with downtown Dalian. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems.

Domestic and international

Dalian has a modern and recently (2006) expanded international airport, Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport, with direct flights to the most major cities in China, and to the selected cities in Japan, South Korea and Germany. Dalian Zhoushuizi International Airport ( Simplified Chinese: 大连周水子国际机场 Traditional Chinese: 大連周水子國際機場 Pinyin: For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

The city's location means that train trips to most Chinese cities outside China's northeastern region require changing trains in Shanghai or Beijing. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Most of the direct city to city express trains are overnight trips. In August 2007 construction started on a Harbin-Dalian high speed passenger railway, which is expected to be completed in 2013, connecting Harbin, Dalian, Changchun, and Shenyang. ( Russian Kharbin) is a Sub-provincial city and the Capital of the Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. Changchun ( is the capital and largest city of Jilin province, located in the northeast of the People's Republic of China, in the centre of the Shenyang ( Ch: 沈阳 pinyin Shěnyáng, or Mukden ( in Manchu) is a Sub-provincial city and capital of Liaoning ^[1]

In addition to local and express bus service to Beijing and other areas in the northeast, Dalian is connected by passenger ship service to neighbouring coastal cities, such as Tianjin and Yantai, as well as Incheon, South Korea. ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Yantai administers 12 county-level divisions, including 4 districts, 7 county-level cities Incheon is a metropolitan city and a major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː

Life and Culture

Zhongshan Square in Dalian

Dalian was rated No 1 of the most livable city in China in 2006 according to China Daily. The China Daily ( is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China. ^[2]

Dalian Dialect

Standard Mandarin is usually spoken in Dalian because it is a city where people from various locations have come. Among the Dalianites, however, the Dalian Dialect is used, which, the linguists have recently started to argue, belongs to the Jiao Liao Mandarin subgroup spoken from Shandong Province to Liaoning Province. ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. ( is a northeastern province of the People's Republic of China. Among the Dalian Dialect's features are a few loanwords from Japanese and Russian, reflecting its history of foreign occupation ^[3], which is a very rare case in the Chinese language. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages

Sports

Sports play a big role in the local culture. The city's mayor, a young princeling (member of the ruling cadres) encouraged a top league soccer team with foreign aid and a lot of city cash to increase the city's image in the country and bring local fame. They have been caught out several times though and the heyday of the Super Team has passed. The city's soccer team has dominated the sport in China and Asia by winning 7 titles out of the past 9 years of Chinese professional soccer league. The city is also a powerhouse producing numerous track and field champions.

The Dalian's soccer club is Dalian Shide (大连实德), one of fifteen teams in the Chinese Super League. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Dalian Haichang ( Simplified Chinese: 大连海昌 also known as Dalian Haichang International Football Team Shide FC ( Simplified Chinese: 大连实德 The Chinese Football Association Super League ( Simplified Chinese: 中国足球协会超级联赛 commonly known as Chinese Super League (中超联赛 or CSL Prior to 2000, they were known as Dalian Wanda (大连万达). Dalian Haichang ( Simplified Chinese: 大连海昌 also known as Dalian Haichang International Football Team Shide FC ( Simplified Chinese: 大连实德 Dalian Shide achieved success as:

• Premium A Champions 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002
• Asian Club Championship Runners-Up 1997
• Asian Cup Winners' Cup Runners-Up 2001
• Chinese Super Cup Winners 1997, 2001, 2003
• China FA Cup Winners 2001

City-Wide Festivals

Xinghai Square, the Xinghai Conference Center, the Dalian World Expo Center and the hotels on Renmin Rd. are the places where Dalian's major annual events are held: Fireworks Displays (Chinese New Year, May 1 and October 1), Dalian International Walking Festival (May), Dalian Locust Flower Festival (May), Dalian International Marathon (June), China International Software & Information Service Fair (June), Dalian International Beer Festival (July-August), Dalian International Auto Show (August) and Dalian International Fashion Week (September).

Every September Dalian hosts the Dalian International Fashion Festival (大连国际服装节). This festival is a chance for many major foreign companies to showcase their new products and sign up buyers. Before the festival, the city holds an opening ceremony attended by government officials as well as famous stars of the entertainment world.

Zoo and Museums

Dalian is the home of three zoological parks: Dalian Forest Zoo, Sun Asia Ocean World, and Polar World. The Forest Zoo has a free-range animal section as well as a more traditional zoo. Shengya Ocean World includes an underwater conveyor through a transparent tunnel. Polar World is the only park devoted to polar animals in China. Dalian is also home to a number of public squares, including Xinghai Square. Xinghai Square, or Xinghai Plaza ( Chinese: 星海广场 Pinyin: Xīnghăi Guăngchăng is a City square in Dalian, China

Food and Restaurants

The local cuisine heavily depends on variety of fresh seafood and fruits, both of which are abundant in the area. Seafood is any Sea Animal or Seaweed that is served as Food, or is suitable for eating particularly saltwater animals such

Inter-Governmental and People-to-People Communication

Japan maintains a Consulate General office and a JETRO office in Dalian, reflecting a relatively large Japanese population. (ジェトロ　JETRO is an independent government agency established by Japan Export Trade Research Organization as a nonprofit corporation in Osaka on Feb

Japan Chamber of Commerce & Industry has about 700 corporate members. Those Japanese who had lived in Dalian before the War have organized the Dalian Society. There are such voluntary groups as the Lilac Society (for women) and the Dalian Mountaineering Association.

Religion

Five religions (Taoism, Buddhism, Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam) are "officially approved" by the Chinese government. Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Taoist temples are not found in downtown Dalian, but in Lushunkou District (Longwang Temple), and in Jinzhou District (Jinlong Temple in Daweijia, Xiangshui Temple at the foot of Dahei Mountain, and Zhenwu Temple in Liangjiadian). Buddhist temples are in downtown Dalian (Songshan Temple on Tangshan Street), on the northern side of Anzi Mountain (Anshan Temple), at Daheishi (Thousand-Hand Buddha & 500 Luohan Statues), in Lushunkou District (Hengshan Temple at Longwangtan), and in Jinzhou District 'Guanyinge-Shengshui Temple on Dahei Mountain). Dalian Islamic Mosque is on Beijing Street.

Dalian Catholic Church (built in 1926) is in downtown Dalian, west of Dalian Railway Station. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Protestant churches are near Zhongshan Square (Yuguanjie Church, built in 1928 next to the British Consulate General's office, by the Anglican Churches of Britain and Japan jointly), on Zhangjiang Street (Cheng-en Church, a former a Danish Lutheran church, which now also houses the Dalian branch of China Christian Council and Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee), on Xi-an Road (Christian Church for the Korean Minority), east of the airport (the newly built Harvest Church, which can seat 4000 people), in Jinzhou (the newly built Jinzhou Church) and Lushunkou District (Lushun Church, a former Danish Lutheran church). Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. There are many other underground Christian fellowships ("house churches").

Local Celebrities

Toshirō Mifune, 三船 敏郎 Mifune Toshirō (1 April 1920 – 24 December 1997) was a famous Japanese actor who appeared in almost 170 feature films. Toshirō Mifune (ja 三船 敏郎 Mifune Toshirō toɕiɺoː 1 April, 1920 – 24 December, 1997) was a Japanese He was born in Qingdao, China, to Japanese parents, and grew up in the Chinese city of Dalian with his parents and two siblings.

Education

There are the following schools of higher education and research centers:

Colleges and Universities

• Dalian Fisheries University 大连水产学院
• Dalian Jiaotong University 大连交通大学
• Dalian Maritime University 大连海事大学
• Dalian Medical University 大连医科大学
• Dalian Polytechnic University 大连工业大学
• Dalian University 大连大学
• Dalian University of Foreign Languages 大连外国语学院
• Dalian University of Technology 大连理工大学
• Dongbei University of Finance and Economics 东北财经大学
• Liaoning Normal University 辽宁师范大学
• Neusoft Institute of Information 东北大学东软信息学院

Some universities are undergoing relocations from the metropolitan area to the suburban districts. Dalian Fisheries University (大连水产学院 is a university located in Dalian, China. Dalian Jiaotong University (大连交通大学 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Dalian Maritime University (大连海事大学 is a university located in Dalian (大连 Liaoning (辽宁 China. Dalian Medical University (大连医科大学 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China under the provincial government Dalian University of Foreign Languages (大连外国语学院 is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China. Dalian University of Technology (大连理工大学 is located in Dalian (大连 Liaoning (辽宁 China directly supervised by the State Ministry Dongbei University of Finance & Economics (DUFE () is a state (provincial level university in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China. Liaoning Normal University (LNU (辽宁师范大学 is a teacher training university in Dalian, Liaoning Province China under the provincial government In 2007, Dalian University of Foreign Languages (except for its Schools of Chinese Studies 汉学院 and Continuous Education 培训部) and Dalian Medical University (except its Hospital) were moved to Lüshunkou District, just east of Baiyin Mountain Tunnel (白银山). Lüshun city or Lüshunkou or (literally Lüshun Port ( formerly known as both Port Arthur and Ryojun, is a town located at the extreme southern

Missouri State University Branch Campus Dalian is a dual management private school with a western director. History In June 2000 Missouri State University entered into an agreement with Liaoning Normal University of the People's Republic of China.

Research Centers

• Dalian Institute of Chemistry & Physics (大连化学物理研究所 AKA 化物所) Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院)

Sister cities of Dalian

The following are sister cities of Dalian:

• Szczecin, Poland
• Glasgow, UK
• Kitakyūshū, Japan
• Le Havre, France
• Vancouver, Canada
• Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia
• Bremen, Germany
• Incheon, South Korea
• Oakland, California, USA
• Rostock, Germany
• Maizuru, Japan
• Vladivostok, Russia
• Pointe-Noire, Republic of Congo
• Adelaide, Australia
• Bahia Blanca, Argentina

Environmental protection

Dalian frequently ranks Grade 2 for air pollution according to SEPA. The Chinese Academy of Sciences ( CAS) ( formerly known as Academia Sinica (not to be confused with the Republic of China 's (Taiwan Academia Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located is a city located in Fukuoka prefecture, Kyūshū, Japan. It is midway between Tokyo and Shanghai. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Le Havre is a city in the northwest region of France situated on the right bank of the mouth of the Seine River as it outlets into the Bay of the Seine This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Ohrid (Охрид) is a city on the eastern shore of Lake Ohrid in the Republic of Macedonia. The Republic of Macedonia (Република Bremen (ˈbʁeːmən is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany (official name Stadtgemeinde Bremen / City Municipality of Bremen Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Incheon is a metropolitan city and a major seaport on the west coast of South Korea, near Seoul. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Oakland (ˈoʊklənd founded in 1852 is the eighth-largest city in the U California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Rostock (ˈʁɔstɔk from Polabian Roz toc, literally "to flow apart" is the largest City in the north German state Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. is a city located in Kyōto, Japan, on an Inlet of the Sea of Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Vladivostok ( is Russia 's largest port city on the Pacific Ocean and the administrative center of Primorsky Krai. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Pointe-Noire is the second largest city in the Republic of the Congo, and a district in the Kouilou province The Republic of the Congo (République du Congo Kongo: Repubilika ya Kongo; Lingala: Republiki ya Kongó) also known as Congo-Brazzaville Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia with a For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Bahía Blanca is a City located in the south-west of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, by the Atlantic Ocean, head town of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China ( Chinese: 中华人民共和国环境保护部 formerly State Environmental Protection Administration ^[4]

Plastination center

The German anatomist Gunther von Hagens runs a plastination center in Dalian. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration Dr Gunther von Hagens (b Gunther Liebchen, January 10, 1945) is a controversial anatomist who invented the technique for preserving biological Plastination is a technique used in Anatomy to preserve bodies or body parts

References

1. ^ "Work begins on Harbin-Dalian passenger-only rail line", People's Daily Online, August 24, 2007. The People's Daily ( a daily Newspaper, is the organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, published worldwide with a circulation  
2. ^ Jing, Fu. "Beijing drops out of top 10 'best city' list", China Daily, 2006-01-03. The China Daily ( is an English-language daily newspaper published in the People's Republic of China. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.  
3. ^ 大連方言について (in Japanese)
4. ^ Air Quality Daily Report for 84 Major Cities In China.

Further reading

• Song Li. Everyday Dalian: Life In Modern Manchuria (Photography Book), Foreword by Phil Borges. 1st edition. DigitalKu. February 08, 2008. ISBN: 0-9763168-5-4, ISBN-13: 978-0-9763168-5-5.

• Kuramoto, Kazuko. Manchurian Legacy: Memoirs of a Japanese Colonist, 1st edition. Michigan State University Press. October 1, 1999. ISBN: 0870135104, ISBN-13: 978-0870135101.

• Matz, Leigh. Blue Sky Red Tears, 1st edition. DigitalKu. November 30, 2004. ISBN: 0976316811, ISBN-13: 978-0976316817.

• McKnight, Tom, (ed. ). Geographica: The Complete Illustrated Atlas of the World, 3rd revision. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 2001. ISBN 0-7607-5974-X, ISBN-13: 9780760727140.

• Theiss, Frank. The Voyage of Forgotten Men, 1st Ed. Indianapolis & New York: Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1937.

External links

• Dalian Government website
• Dalian travel guide from Wikitravel