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Daepyeong is the name of a complex prehistoric archaeological site located in the Nam River valley near Jinju in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. Hanja is the Korean name for Chinese characters. More specifically it refers to those Chinese characters borrowed from Chinese and incorporated The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language Romanization system in South Korea. McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language Romanization systems along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which The history of Korea stretches from Lower Paleolithic times to the present Korea is a geographic area composed of two sovereign countries a civilization and a former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. This article is about the prehistory of the Korean Peninsula, from circa 500000 BCE through 300 BCE The Jeulmun Pottery Period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 8000-1500 B The Mumun pottery period is an Archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE bordering the Korean Proto-Three Kingdoms of Korea refers to the period after the fall of Gojoseon and before the maturation of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla into Buyeo, Puyŏ, or Fuyu was an ancient Korean kingdom located from today's Manchuria to northern North Korea, from around the 2nd Okjeo was a small tribal state which arose in the northern Korean peninsula from perhaps 2nd century BCE to 5th century CE Dongye was a state which occupied portions of the northeastern Korean peninsula from roughly 150 BCE to around 400 CE Samhan refers to the ancient confederacies of Mahan, Jinhan, and Byeonhan in central and southern Korean peninsula Mahan was a loose confederacy of statelets that existed from around the 100BCE-300CE in the southern Korean peninsula in the Chungcheong Byeonhan, also known as Byeonjin, was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the beginning of the Common Era to the 4th century in the Jinhan was a loose confederacy of chiefdoms that existed from around the 1st century BC to the 4th century CE in the southern Korean peninsula, to the east of the Nakdong The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula Goguryeo or Koguryo was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern and central parts of the Korean peninsula, southern Manchuria, and Baekje (18 BCE – 660 CE or Paekche, was a kingdom located in southwest Korea Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Gaya was a confederacy of territorial polities in the Nakdong River basin of southern Korea, growing out of the Byeonhan confederacy of the Samhan North South States Period ( 698 CE - 936 CE refers to the period in Korean history when Silla and Balhae Unified Silla ( 668 CE - 935 CE or Later Silla is the name often applied to the kingdom of Silla, one of the Three Kingdoms of Alternate meaning Bohai Sea Balhae (698 - 926 ( Bohai in Chinese, Пархэ in Russian) was an The Later Three Kingdoms of Korea (892 - 936 consisted of Silla, Hubaekje ("Later Baekje " and Taebong (also known as Hugoguryeo The Goryeo Dynasty ( 918 - 1392) (also spelled Koryŏ was a Sovereign state established in 918 by Taejo Wang Kon. The Mongol invasions of Korea (1231 - 1273 consisted of a series of campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Korea, then known as Goryeo, from 1231 to 1259 Two Japanese invasions of Korea and subsequent battles on the Korean peninsula took place during the years 1592-1598 The First Manchu invasion of Korea occurred in 1627 when Hong Taiji led the Manchu army against Korea 's Joseon dynasty. The Korean Empire was a former small empire of Korea that lasted from the Gwangmu Restoration of 1897 until Japan 's annexation of Korea in 1910 Korea under Japanese rule refers to the period between 1910 and 1945 when Korea was forcibly annexed by the Japanese Empire. The Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea was a Government in exile based in Shanghai, China and later in Chongqing, during the The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from the 1945 Allied victory in World War II, ending Japan For the history of Korea before its division, see History of Korea. For the history of the Korea before its division, see History of Korea. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Korean Dynasties are listed in the order of their fall This list includes the monarchs' romanized posthumous or Temple names and reign dates This is a Timeline of the History of Korea. Some dates prior to the 6th century CE are speculative or approximate Korea ' s military history spans back thousands of years beginning with the kingdom of Gojoseon and its repulsions of ancient China The naval history of Korea dates back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea period when simple fishing ships were used Like most other regions in the world science and technology in Korea has experienced periods of intense growth as well as long periods of stagnation An archaeological site is a place (or group of physical sites in which evidence of past activity is preserved (either Prehistoric or historic or contemporary and Jinju is a city in South Gyeongsang Province South Korea. It was the location of the first (1592 and second (1593 Sieges of Jinju Gyeongsangnam-do (South Gyeongsang is a province in the southeast of South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Pottery typologies and seriations and a host of AMS radiocarbon dates show that the site had a number of occupations over several millennia from circa 3500 B. Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS differs from other forms of Mass spectrometry in that it accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass Carbon-14, 14C, or radiocarbon, is a Radioactive isotope of Carbon discovered on February 27, 1940, by C. - A. D. 500 (DAUM 2001a, 2001b; GARI 2002).

This site is very important in Korean and world prehistory because of the many important finds including one of the earliest ditch-enclosed settlements in East Asia, substantial prehistoric dry-fields, a multiple ditch-enclosed residential and production precinct for emerging elites, and the earliest evidence of craft specialization (greenstone or 'jade' ornaments) in prehistoric Korea, well-preserved evidence of other production activities including pottery-making. Jade is an Ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different Silicate minerals. Several small-scale excavations took place beginning in 1977. Wide-scope, large-scale excavation of Daepyeong and surrounding settlements took place between 1996 and 2000.

Environment and geography of Daepyeong

Prehistoric Daepyeong incorporates in area formed by the curves of the Nam River in a single area of several small, linked alluvial plains that are semi-circumscribed by steep hills of 100-1100 metres. The Gyeongho River flows through western Gyeongsangnam-do in southern South Korea. In the north, Daepyeong includes Sonam-ni and Eoeun, and in the south Okbang and Sangchon-ni are included. Eoeun and Okbang make up the central area and are partially protected by a natural levee formed by terracing and changes in the flow of the Nam River.

Jeulmun Pottery Period (c. 3500-1500 B. C. )

Jeulmun pottery sherds are found in light numbers throughout the area, indicating that occupation began at least from the Middle Jeulmun Pottery Period. The Jeulmun Pottery Period is an archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 8000-1500 B A settlement with a number of pit-houses dating to the latter part of the Middle Jeulmun was excavated at Sangchon-ni (DAUM 2001b). At the same site charred human skeletal remains were discovered in the corner of a pit-house inside a large vessel apparently used as a burial urn. Additionally, there is evidence of a shallow ditch feature that may represent one of the first ditch-enclosed features in East Asian prehistory. Some carbonized seeds found in association with the pit-houses appear to show that Jeulmun people were engaged in small-scale cultivation (Bale 2001; Crawford and Lee 2003).

Early Mumun Pottery Period (c. 1500-850 B. C. )

The Daepyeong site and other settlement sites of the Mumun Period that are mentioned in Wikipedia articles. The Mumun pottery period is an Archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC

Settlement in the Incipient and Early Mumun Pottery Period I was sparse and concentrated in Eoeun (NRICH 2004:141-142). The Mumun pottery period is an Archaeological era in Korean prehistory that dates to approximately 1500-300 BC The same area was the location for a settlement of narrow rectangular pit-houses with plans that are not unlike those of the Huron and Iroquoian longhouses of Southern Ontario, Canada. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Iroquoian languages are a Native American Language family. In Archaeology and Anthropology, a long house or longhouse is a type of long narrow single-room building built by peoples in various parts of the world Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page For example, these pit-houses had a series of 2 - 4 hearths lined down the middle of the structure, indicating that the occupants were likely members of an extended, multi-generational household (Bale and Ko 2006). Several small hamlets and/or farmsteads were dispersed in and around the main Daepyeong settlement at Eoeun in areas such as Sonam-ni, Okbang, and Sangchon-ni.

Middle Mumun Pottery Period (c. 850-550 B. C. )

Daepyeong became a large central settlement in the Early Middle Mumun (c. 850-700 B. C. ). The focus of the settlement was a large nucleated group of 144 pit-houses in Eoeun. Another nucleated settlement of 115 pit-houses developed in Okbang at about the same time. A pit-house or ( dugout is a dwelling dug into the ground which may also be layered with stone Archaeological evidence from the Middle Mumun indicates that prominent individuals in Eoeun and Okbang probably competed for dominance in the local area. For example, greenstone production and distribution began in Eoeun and was traded to Okbang and areas outside of Daepyeong. Many ditches and ditch-enclosures appeared in Eoeun and Okbang beginning in the Early Middle Mumun. Perhaps this was due to conflict between Okbang and Eoeun, or the whole of Daepyeong with distant outside settlements. Eventually, 8 substantial ditch-and-palisades were constructed at Okbang. Interestingly, this sub-period sees a pattern in which greenstone artifacts that are made in Eoeun are consumed by those who are buried in the ditch-and-palisade precinct of Okbang.

Archaeologists think that the dry-fields recovered in large-scale excavations most likely date to the Early Middle Mumun. Bale and Ko note that more than 32,000 square metres of dry-fields were recovered at Daepyeong in wide-scope, clearing horizontal excavations (Bale and Ko 2006:Table 3). Through detailed and long-term archaeobotanical research, Crawford and Lee of the University of Toronto, Canada discovered the the people of Daepyeong had multiple cropping agricultural systems in place even in the Early Mumun (Crawford and Lee 2003). This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Late Mumun, Protohistoric, and Korean Three Kingdoms (c. 550 B. C. -A. D. 668)

Daepyeong was an important settlement in the Mumun economic system, but as with many simple chiefdoms, it began to decline and then collapsed. The area was likely depopulated at the end of the Late Middle Mumun, circa 550-500 B. C. Sangchon-ni may have had an emphemeral Late Mumun occupation, and settlements such as Naechon-ni (DAUM 2001a) appeared in the Korean Proto-historic (c. 300 B. C. -A. D. 300/400). Additionally, dry-fields dating to the early Korean Three Kingdoms period have been excavated in Okbang. The Three Kingdoms of Korea ( refer to the ancient Korean kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla, which dominated the Korean peninsula The area was a part of the Gaya Confederacy during this period, and was later absorbed into the Silla state. Silla (57 BC – 935 AD was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.

Why is Daepyeong important?

Daepyeong, a large, complex, and economically important settlement with multiple chronological components, is important for those trying to understand the secondary origins of agriculture in East Asia, the development of complex hunter-gatherers, nucleated settlements, intensive agriculture, incipient social ranking, and simple chiefdoms. This site is on the same scale of archaeological importance as Yoshinogari and Sannai Maruyama in Japan, and Banpo and Jiangzhai of the Early Chinese Neolithic. Banpo (半坡 is an archaeological site first discovered in 1953 and located in the Yellow River Valley just east of Xi'an, China.

References

• Bale, Martin T.

2001 Archaeology of Early Agriculture in Korea: An Update on Recent Developments. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 21(5):77-84. ISSN 0156-1316

• Bale, Martin T. and Min-jung Ko

2006 Craft Production and Social Change in Mumun Pottery Period Korea. Asian Perspectives 45(2):159-187.

• Crawford, Gary W. and Gyoung-Ah Lee

2003 Agricultural Origins in the Korean Peninsula. Antiquity 77(295):87-95.

• DAUM (Dong-A University Museum)

2001a Jinju Naechon-ni Yujeok (The Excavation Report of Naechon-ri Site, Jinju). University Museum Research Series No. 33. DAUM, Greater Busan.

• DAUM (Dong-A University Museum)

2001b Jinju Sangchon-ni Seonsayujeok (The Excavation Report of Sangchon-ri Site, Jinju). University Museum Research Series No. 34. DAUM, Greater Busan.

• GARI (Gyeongnam Archaeological Research Institute)

2002 Jinju Daepyeong Okbang 1 - 9 Jigu Mumunsigae Jibrak (The Mumun Period Settlement at Okbang Localities 1 and 9 in Daepyeong, Jinju). GARI, Jinju.

• JNM (Jinju National Museum)

2002 Cheongdonggi Sidae-eui Daepyeong – Daepyeong-in [Daepyeong: Organized Community of the Bronze Age]. Jinju National Museum, Jinju.

• NRICH (National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage Korea)

2004 Daepyeong article, in Hanguk Gogohak Jeonmun Sajeon: Cheongdonggisidae Pyeon [Dictionary of Korean Archaeology: Bronze Age]. NRICH, Greater Daejeon, pp. 141-142, ISBN 89-8124-471-5.

See also

• Prehistory of Korea
• Bronze age
• Liaoning bronze dagger culture
• Megalithic tomb
• Igeum-dong site