Đ (lowercase đ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from D with the addition of a bar or stroke through the letter. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a Grapheme. This is the same modification that was used to create eth (ð), but eth is based on an insular variant of d while đ is based on its usual upright shape. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in Insular script was a medieval script system used in Ireland and Britain (Latin insula, "island" Đ is part of the alphabets of several languages, as well as being used in linguistics as a phonetic symbol. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human Language.
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Appearance
In the lowercase, the stroke is usually drawn through the ascender, but when used as a phonetic symbol it may be preferred to draw it through the bowl. Typography, an ascender is the portion of a letter in a Latin-derived alphabet that extends above the Mean line of a font. [1]
In the uppercase, the stroke is normally drawn through just the left side, but in Vietnamese it may sometimes cross the entire letter. [2]
Usage
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Latin
Đ was used in Medieval Latin to mark abbreviations of words containing the letter d. Medieval Latin was the form of Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the Liturgical language of the medieval For the HTML tag see HTML element. An abbreviation (from Latin brevis "short" For example, hđum could stand for heredum "of the heirs". Similar strokes were added to other letters to form abbreviations. [3]
Vietnamese
In Vietnamese, đ represents a voiced alveolar implosive (IPA: /ɗ/). Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic It is considered a distinct letter, and placed between D and E in alphabetical order. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E
The Vietnamese alphabet was developed in the 17th century, but did not replace the existing chữ nôm system (which used Chinese characters) until the 20th century when the French colonial administration made the Latin alphabet official. The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ Chữ Nôm ( IPA: /cɨ3ˀ5 nom33/ chữ Nôm in Unicode: 字[[wikt 喃|喃]]/ 𡨸 喃/ 𡦂 喃 chữ Nôm in Unicode A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (
South Slavic languages
Đ was added to Gaj’s Latin alphabet by Đuro Daničić in the 19th century. Đuro Daničić ( Serbian Cyrillic: Ђуро Даничић ( April 4 1825 in Novi Sad – November 17 1882 in The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The lexeme soon found its way into the Latinic transliterations firstly of Serbian (through the Serbo-Croat historical chapter) and then Macedonian (its Latinic transliterations heavily influenced by Serbo-Croat from the Yugoslav period) to represent the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate (IPA: /dʑ/). Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The voiced alveolo-palatal affricate is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic The letter was used in the Serbo-Croatian language of Yugoslavia, and this practice is continued in the modern written languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia. The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The Republic of Macedonia (Република Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country (This may include Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian, but whether to regard each as a distinct language is a controversial issue. Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem ) The letter was devised to represent the sound similar to the /dj/ of English due. Phonetical change with each generation has led to the letter taking on a sound similar to the English /dʒ/ in jam, this is particularly the case in Croatia, Serbia and Bosnia.
Đ is considered a distinct letter, and placed between Dž and E in alphabetical order. Dž ( titlecase form all- capitals form DŽ, lowercase dž) is the seventh letter of the Croatian and Bosnian E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E Its Cyrillic equivalent is Ђ ђ in Serbian and Montenegrin. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Dje, or Djerv (Ђ ђ is the sixth letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound /ʥ/ a Voiced alveolo-palatal Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, Montenegrin language ( Cyrillic script: Црногорски језик, Latin: Crnogorski jezik) is the name given to the Ijekavian- Shtokavian Its partial equivalent in Macedonian is Ѓ ѓ (only some accents contain the /dʑ/ sound). Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / When a true đ is not available or not desired, it is transcribed as dj in Serbian, and gj in Macedonian. Transcription is the conversion into written typewritten or printed form of a Spoken language source such as the proceedings of a court hearing
Sami languages
In Northern Sami and Skolt Sami, đ represents a voiced dental fricative (English th in this; IPA: /ð/). Northern or North Sami ( Davvisápmi, formerly Davvisámi or Davvisaami; improperly Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic It is considered a distinct letter, and placed between D and E in alphabetical order. D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E
Phonetic transcription
The lowercase đ is used in some phonetic transcription schemes to represent a voiced dental fricative (English th in this; IPA: /ð/). Phonetic transcription (or phonetic notation) is the visual system of symbolization of the sounds occurring in spoken human Language. The voiced dental non-sibilant fricative is a type of Consonantal sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic Eth (ð) is more commonly used for this purpose, but đ has the advantage of being able to be typed on a standard typewriter, by putting a hyphen over a d. Eth ( Ð, ð; also spelled edh or eð) is a letter used in Old English, Icelandic, Faroese (in A typewriter is a mechanical or Electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that when pressed cause characters to be printed on a medium A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes [4]
Computer encoding
Đ and đ are encoded in Latin-2, Latin-4 and Latin-10 as D0 and F0 respectively; in Latin-6 as A9 and B9; and in Unicode as U+0110 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D WITH STROKE and U+0111 LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE, respectively. ISO 8859-2, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-2 or less formally as Latin-2, is part 2 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard Character encoding defined by ISO 8859-4, also known as Latin-4 or "North European" is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard ISO 8859-16, also known as Latin-10 or "South-Eastern European" is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard ISO 8859-10, also known as Latin-6, is an 8-bit Character encoding, part of the ISO 8859 standard In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's In PostScript they are Dslash and dslash. PostScript ( PS) is a dynamically typed concatenative Programming language created by John Warnock and Charles Geschke in 1982 In Unicode, both the version with the stroke through the ascender and the version with the stroke through the bowl are considered glyph variants of U+0111. [1]
As part of WGL4, Đ and đ can be expected to display correctly on most computer systems. Windows Glyph List 4, or more commonly WGL4 for short also known as the Pan-European character set, is a character repertoire on recent Microsoft's operating
References
- ^ a b The Unicode Consortium (2003). The Unicode Standard, Version 4. 0. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 432.
- ^ Example: Lê Bá Khanh; Lê Bá Kông (1991). Vietnamese-English/English-Vietnamese Dictionary, 7th printing, New York City: Hippocrene Books. The City of New York Hippocrene Books are a US Publishing press located at 171 Madison Avenue New York City, NY 10016 ISBN 0-87052-924-2.
- ^ Bischoff, Bernhard (1990). Latin Palaeography: Antiquity and the Middle Ages. Cambridge University Press, 150.
- ^ Pullum, Geoffrey K.; Ladusaw, William A. Professor Geoffrey K Pullum (born March 8, 1945 in Irvine, Scotland) is a linguist specialising in the study of English (1996). Phonetic Symbol Guide. University of Chicago Press, 36–37.
See also
| The ISO basic Latin alphabet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz | |
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Letter D with diacritics
Letters using stroke sign
history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters |
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