One of the first DVB-S2 tuner cards. For the chemical compound see Divinylbenzene. Digital Video Broadcasting ( DVB) is a suite of internationally accepted DVB-S is the original Digital Video Broadcasting forward error coding and modulation standard for Satellite television and dates from 1995 Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of Digital Terrestrial Television ( DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of DVB-C stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of Digital television DVB-H ( Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats Digital Terrestrial Television ( DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB is a Japanese standard for Digital television (DTV and Digital radio used by the country's radio Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB is a Japanese standard for Digital television (DTV and Digital radio used by the country's radio Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB is a Japanese standard for Digital television (DTV and Digital radio used by the country's radio Digital Terrestrial Television ( DTTV or DTT) is an implementation of digital technology to provide a greater number of channels and/or better quality of picture and Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting (ISDB is a Japanese standard for Digital television (DTV and Digital radio used by the country's radio Digital Multimedia Broadcasting ( DMB) is a Digital Radio transmission system for sending Multimedia ( Radio, TV DMB-T/H or DTMB ( GB 20600-2006 is the Digital terrestrial television standard applied in the People's Republic of China (PRC including A video Codec is a device or Software that enables Video compression and/or decompression for digital video MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information" MPEG-4 is a collection of methods defining compression of audio and visual (AV digital data Radio frequency ( RF) is a Frequency or rate of Oscillation within the range of about 3 Hz to 300 GHz Very high frequency (VHF is the Radio frequency range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz. Super high frequency (or SHF) refers to radio frequencies (RF in the range of 3  GHz and 30 GHz

Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite - Second Generation (DVB-S2) is an enhanced specification to replace the DVB-S standard, developed in 2003 and ratified by ETSI (EN 302307) in March 2005. DVB-S is the original Digital Video Broadcasting forward error coding and modulation standard for Satellite television and dates from 1995 The European Telecommunications Standards Institute ( ETSI) is an independent non-for-profit Standardization organization of the Telecommunications March 2005: ← - January 2005 - February 2005 - March - April 2005 - May 2005 - June 2005 - July 2005 DVB-S2 will probably be used for all future new European digital satellite multiplexes, and satellite receivers will be equipped to decode both DVB-S and DVB-S2. Today the main use for this new standard is the distribution of HDTV, while the original standard was used mainly for SDTV services. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition The development of DVB-S2 coincided with the introduction of HDTV and H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC) video codecs. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) A video Codec is a device or Software that enables Video compression and/or decompression for digital video

The system allows transmission of one or more MPEG-2 audio/video streams , using QPSK or 8PSK or MAPSK (M-ary amplitude and phase shift keying) modulation with concatenated encoding. MPEG-2 is a standard for "the generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information" Phase-shift keying (PSK is a Digital Modulation scheme that conveys data by changing or modulating the phase of a reference signal Phase-shift keying (PSK is a Digital Modulation scheme that conveys data by changing or modulating the phase of a reference signal

DVB-S2 is based on the DVB-S standard which is used for satellite broadcasting, and the DVB-DSNG standard, which is used by mobile units for sending external footage back to television stations. Two new key features which were added to DVB-S are :

• Changing encoding parameters in real time (VCM, Variable Coding and Modulation)
• ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) which optimizes the transmission parameters for various users.

The authors claim that the DVB-S2 performance gain over DVB-S is around 30%. When the contribution of improvements in video compression is added, an (MPEG-4-AVC) HDTV service can now be delivered in the same capacity that supported an early DVB-S-MPEG-2 SDTV service, only a decade before. Video compression refers to reducing the quantity of Data used to represent video images and is a straightforward combination of Image compression and Motion High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition

Main features

• Source may be one or more MPEG-2 TS (MPEG-2 Transport Stream). Transport stream ( TS, TP, MPEG-TS, or M2T) is a Communications protocol for audio, video, and data Packet streams other than MPEG-2 TS are also valid (MPEG4-AVC/H. 264).
• MPEG-2 TS are supported using a compatibility mode, whereas the native stream format for DVB-S2 is called Generic Stream (GS). Transport stream ( TS, TP, MPEG-TS, or M2T) is a Communications protocol for audio, video, and data Generic Streams (GS are a new kind of input streams in DVB-S2.
• Adaptative mode: this block is heavily dependent on the application that generates the data. This means
  • synchronizing data using ACM and cancellation of null packets from the Transport Stream;
  • CRC-8 encoding; used by a DVB-S2 for error correction;
  • merging full stream and subdivisions in blocks for error correction encoding (DF, Data Fields).
• Backward compatibility to DVB-S, intended for end users, and DVB-DSNG (DVB-Digital Satellite News Gathering), used for backhauls and electronic news gathering
• Adaptive coding and modulation to optimize the use of satellite transponders
• Four modulation modes:
  • QPSK and 8PSK are proposed for broadcast applications and they can be used in non-linear transponders driven near to saturation
  • 16APSK and 32APSK are used mainly for professional, semi-linear applications, they can be also used for broadcasting but they require a higher level of available C/N and an adoption of advanced pre-distortion methods in the uplink station in order to minimize the effect of transponder linearity. In Technology, especially Computing (irrespective of platform a product is said to be backward compatible when it is able to take the place of an older product Economics and Commerce define an end-user as the person who uses a product. ENG is a Broadcasting (usually Television) industry acronym which stands for electronic news gathering. Adaptive coding refers to variants of Entropy encoding methods of Lossless data compression. In Telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Trans mitter-res ponder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR XPNDR TPDR or TP has the following meanings Phase-shift keying (PSK is a Digital Modulation scheme that conveys data by changing or modulating the phase of a reference signal
• Improved rolloff: α = 0. The raised-cosine filter is a particular Electronic filter, frequently used for Pulse-shaping in digital Modulation due to its ability to minimise 20 and α = 0. 25 in addition to the roll-off of DVB-S α = 0. 35
• Inexpensive to implement
• For forward error correction (FEC), DVB-S2 uses a system based on the concatenation of the BCH code with a low-density parity check. In Telecommunication and Information theory, forward error correction (FEC is a System of Error control for Data transmission, whereby For concatenation of general lists see Append. In Computer programming, string concatenation is the operation of joining two character In Information theory, a low-density parity-check code (LDPC code is an Error correcting code, a method of transmitting a message over a noisy transmission A single FEC datagram may be 64800 bits(normal) or 16200 bits (short). If VCM or ACM is used, any datagram may have a variable length, and the broadcast can be a combination of normal and short datagrams. There are 10 encoding values: 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 8/9 and 9/10 which depend on the modulation and the requirements that the system has.
• Encoding values 8/9 and 9/10 behave poorly under marginal link conditions (where the signal level is below the noise level). However, with targeted spot Ku or Ka band downlinks these coding schemes may be recommended to prevent out-of-region viewing for copyright or cultural reasons. The Ku band ( pronounced "kay-yoo") is a portion of the Electromagnetic spectrum in the Microwave range of frequencies The Ka band (Pronounced "Kay-A Band" covers the frequencies of 26
• Interleaving uses 8,16 or 32APSK modulation.

Performance can be configured to be within 0. 7 dB of the Shannon limit. In Information theory, the noisy-channel coding theorem establishes that however contaminated with noise interference a communication channel may be it is possible to communicate

Uses

DVB-S2 is used for:

• Broadcasting television programs (BS, Broadcast Services) in SDTV or HDTV. Optionally, this transmission may be backwards compatible with DVB-S (BC-BS,Backwards-Compatible BS), but does not benefit from the 30% extra bandwidth.
• Interactive Services with access to the Internet. Data generated by the user may be sent by cable(copper/Fiber), DSL or Satellite uplink(DVB-RCS).
• Professional applications, where data must be multiplexed in real time and then broadcast in the VHF/UHF band. These transmissions are not intended for the average viewer.
• Data content distribution and Internet trunking.

The DVB-S to DVB-S2 upgrade process

The conversion process from DVB-S to DVB-S2 is expected to take about 15 years -- probably in sync with the coming of HDTV. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition DVB-S has proven to be a well designed and flexible standard. This thus makes the upgrade process take longer for those delivering programming.

DirecTV in the U.S. is now switching over to offer their local and some national HDTV channels. DirecTV (trademarked as "DIREC' TV' " is a Direct broadcast satellite (DBS service based in El Segundo California, USA, that was founded The United States of America —commonly referred to as the They use the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec for this process. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding)

Direct to Home broadcasters using DVB-S2

• Sky HD and freesat in the UK and Ireland (experimentally)
• Dish Network in the U.S. (experimentally)
• Bell ExpressVu in Canada (experimentally)
• n in Poland
• Meo (IPTV) in Portugal

These broadcasters have used DVB-S2SNG for uplink and downlink to their centralized transmission facilities, but may not have instituted DVB-S2 transmissions. Freesat is a British Free-to-air digital Satellite television service developed by the BBC The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Not be confused with Indian Service Dish TV DISH Network is a Direct broadcast satellite (DBS service that provides Satellite television The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page n is a Polish DTH platform It was launched October 12 2006 and is owned by ITI Neovision Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Meo is the commercial name of the Satellite and IPTV television over ADSL service of Portugal's PT Comunicações telecommunications company Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula.

The typical lifetime of a Direct to Home Set Top Box is about 5 years, with some lasting 7 years or more. A set-top box (STB or set-top unit (STU is a device that connects to a Television and an external source of signal, turning the signal into Therefore it is to be expected that the conversion process to DVB-S2 should take about 10 years as a baseline estimate.

References

• ETSI Standard TR 102 376 V1.1.1: Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) User guidelines for the second generation system for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications (DVB-S2)
• DVB-S2 white paper (final)
• White paper on bandwidth efficiency
• DVB-S2 — ready for lift off, article in the EBU technical review

External links