Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional (English: National Intelligence Directorate) or DINA was the Chilean secret police in the government of Augusto Pinochet. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Secret police (sometimes political police) are a Police agency which operates in Secrecy to maintain National security against internal Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November DINA was established in November 1973, as an Army Intelligence unit headed by General Manuel Contreras and vice-director Raúl Iturriaga, who fled from justice in 2007. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (born May 4, 1929) is a Chilean military and the former head of DINA, Chile's Secret police Raúl Eduardo Iturriaga Neumann (b January 23 1938 in Linares Chile) is a retired Army general and a former deputy director of the DINA It was separated from the Army and made an independent administrative unit in June 1974, under the aegis of decree #521. DINA made it possible for Augusto Pinochet to come in to power.
DINA existed until 1977, after which it was renamed the Centro Nacional de Informaciones (CNI) (National Information Center).
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DINA internal suppression and human rights violations
Under decree #521, the DINA had the power to detain any individual only so long as there was a declared state of emergency. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies Such an administrative state characterized almost the entire length of the Pinochet dictatorship. Torture of detainees was common, and rape of female detainees was routine. Rape, also referred to as Sexual assault, is an Assault by a person involving Sexual intercourse with or Sexual penetration of another person
Foreign involvement
The United States backed and supported the 1973 coup, and continued to aid the Pinochet dictatorship until it ended. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Documents declassified from the CIA in September of 2000 revealed that the head of DINA in 1975 was a "paid CIA asset[1]. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all " The CIA actively supported the junta after the overthrow of Salvador Allende. The head of DINA, General Manuel Contreras, was made a paid asset despite continuing CIA reservations concerning the human rights abuses of the organization. Eventually the CIA became aware of DINA's "possible" involvement in the assassination of Orlando Letelier and Ronni Moffitt in Washington D.C., but they continued to maintain him as an asset. Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar ( April 13, 1932 - September 21, 1976) was a Chilean economist Political figure, Ronni Karpen Moffitt (1951 &ndash September 21 1976) was an American political activist of Jewish heritage Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The CIA reports remain heavily excised.
DINA foreign assassinations and operations
- Further information: Operation Condor and Operation Colombo
DINA was involved in Operation Condor, as well as Operation Colombo. For other uses of Operation Condor please see Operation Condor (disambiguation Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor Operação Condor was a campaign Operation Colombo was an operation undertaken by the DINA (the Chilean Secret police) in 1975 For other uses of Operation Condor please see Operation Condor (disambiguation Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor Operação Condor was a campaign Operation Colombo was an operation undertaken by the DINA (the Chilean Secret police) in 1975
In July 1976, two magazines in Argentina and Brazil published the names of 119 Chilean leftist opponents, claiming they had been killed in internal disputes unrelated to the Pinochet regime. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Those two magazines would disappear after this one and only issue. Judge Juan Guzmán Tapia would eventually ask Chilean justices to lift Pinochet's immunity in this case, called "Operation Colombo", having accumulated evidence that he had ordered the DINA to plant this disinformation, in order to cover up the "disappearance" and murder by the Chilean secret police of those 119 persons. Juan Salvador Guzmán Tapia (b April 22, 1939) is a retired Chilean judge who became famous internationally for being the first judge to prosecute former Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November On September 2005, Chile's Supreme Court would accept the lifting of Pinochet's immunity on this case. Judge Victor Montiglio, who took over the case after Juan Guzmán Tapia's retirement a few months before, has yet to name the doctors who would statue on Pinochet's health and ability to be interrogated. Victor Montiglio is known as a Pinochetist, and supports military auto-amnesty laws. He has already accorded amnesty to Manuel Contreras, who was given firm prison sentence in 2004 in the Operation Colombo trial. Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (born May 4, 1929) is a Chilean military and the former head of DINA, Chile's Secret police
Carlos Prats's 1974 assassination and Orlando Letelier's 1976 assassination
DINA worked with international agents, such as Michael Townley, who assassinated former Chilean minister Orlando Letelier in Washington DC in 1976, as well as General Carlos Prats in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1974. The Letelier case ( September 21, 1976) refers to the murder of Orlando Letelier, a Chilean Political figure and later United For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician. Marcos Orlando Letelier del Solar ( April 13, 1932 - September 21, 1976) was a Chilean economist Political figure, General Carlos Prats González ( February 24, 1915 - September 30, 1974) was a Chilean Army officer a Political figure Buenos Aires is the Capital and largest city of Argentina. It is geographically located on the southern shore of the Río de la Plata, on the southeastern For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. According to a CIA document released in 2000, French OAS member Albert Spaggiari also acted as intermediary for the DINA in Europe, as well as Italian neo-fascist terrorist Stefano Delle Chiaie (alias ALFA). near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The Organisation de l'armée secrète ( OAS &mdash or Organisation armée secrète, lit Albert Spaggiari ( December 14, 1932 – June 8, 1989) nicknamed Bert, was a French criminal chiefly known Stefano Delle Chiaie (born 13 September 1936 in Caserta) is a Neofascist Italian activist (founder of ''Avanguardia Nazionale'' and [1] In a 1979 letter declassified in 2000, Michael Townley stated: "They were meetings between him [Manuel Contreras], his Excellency [Dictator Pinochet], and the Italians in Spain after Franco died. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid Also the Italians carried out numerous act of military espionage against the Peruvians and Argentines not only in Europe, but also in Peru and Argentina". [2]
Michael Townley described numerous meetings between Pinochet and Italian terrorists and spies as well as Pinochet's meetings with anti-Castro Cubans [2]. For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician.
Michael Townley worked with Eugenio Berríos on producing sarin gas in the 1970s, in a house DINA had in the district of Lo Curro, Santiago de Chile. For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician. Eugenio Berríos Sagredo (died in April 1995 was a Chilean Biochemist who worked for the DINA intelligence agency Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a Nerve agent. Santiago ( (litteraly in spanish Saint James) is the Capital of Chile, and the center of its largest Conurbation ( Greater Santiago [3] Eugenio Berríos , who was murdered in 1995, was also linked with drug traffickers and agents of DEA[4]
Colonia Dignidad
Investigations by Amnesty International and the Chilean National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report have verified that Colonia Dignidad, long held for a center used for delusions of ex-Nazi Paul Schäfer, was used by DINA as a concentration camp for the detention and torture of political prisoners. The Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA) is a United States Department of Justice Law enforcement agency tasked with combating drug smuggling and Villa Baviera (Bavaria Village formerly known as Colonia Dignidad (Dignidad Colony is a Chilean hamlet in Parral Commune Linares Province Amnesty International (commonly known as Amnesty or AI) is a Western based international Non-governmental organization which defines its mission as "to The Rettig Report, officially The National Commission for Truth and Reconciliation Report, is a report by a commission designated by then President Patricio Aylwin In the context of this article the term ex-Nazi, or more correctly ex-Nazi Party member refers either to those few who were once Nazis and resigned from the Paul Schäfer Schneider (born December 4, 1921) is the founder and former leader of a sect and agricultural commune of German immigrants called Colonia Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally A political prisoner is someone held in Prison or otherwise detained perhaps under House arrest, for his or her involvement in political activity Most accounts have this happening between 1973 and 1977 but precise dates are not known. Boris Weisfeiler, in particular, is thought to have disappeared near Colonia Dignidad. Boris Weisfeiler is a Russian born mathematician who lived in the United States before going missing in Chile in 1984
The son of DINA head Manuel Contreras claims that his father and Pinochet visited Colonia Dignidad in 1974, and that his father and Schäfer were good friends. The current leader of Villa Baviera admits that torture took place within the old colony, but claims that Villa Baviera is a new entity.
In March 2005, former DINA agent Michael Townley acknowledged links between Colonia Dignidad and DINA, as well as relations with the Bacteriological War Army Laboratory. For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician. Biological warfare (BW — known as a germ warfare, biological weapons and bioweaponry — is the use of any Pathogen ( Bacterium He would have spoken about biological experiments imposed to detainees, with the help of the fore-mentioned laboratory and another one, that used to be situated on Via Naranja de lo Curro Street. Human subject research (HSR or human subject use (HSU involves the use of human beings as research subjects According to Townley, former Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei Montalva was assassinated by a poison made at Colonia Dignidad. Eduardo Nicanor Frei Montalva (1911&ndash1982 was a Chilean political figure and President of Chile from 1964 to 1970 [5]
Others
On an undated letter to Augusto Pinochet, CIA and DINA agent Michael Townley advised him that Virgilio Paz Romero, an anti-Castro Cuban, was taking photographs of British prisons in Northern Ireland in 1975 as a DINA assignment. Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November For the Australian politician see Michael Townley (Australian politician. Virgilio Paz Romero is an anti-Castro Cuban exile, involved in various anti-communist acts A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The photographs were to be used by the Chilean government at the United Nations in New York to discredit the United Kingdom and accuse them of human rights violations. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled But they arrived too late to be used, and were finally published in El Mercurio. El Mercurio is a conservative Chilean newspaper with editions in Valparaíso and Santiago. [6]
References
- ^ CIA documents published by the National Security Archives, 2,1 2,5 2,6 (see 2,6 for Spaggiari and Delle Chiaie work for DINA
- ^ Visit of Chilean President Pinochet to Spain During November 1975 with General Contreras, where they met with "ALFA", an Italian terrorist, document declassified in 2000 by the CIA, published by the National Security Archive
- ^ "Townley reveló uso de gas sarín antes de ser expulsado de Chile", El Mercurio, September 19, 2006. The National Security Archive is a 501(c(3 non-governmental non-profit research and archival institution located within The George Washington University in The National Security Archive is a 501(c(3 non-governmental non-profit research and archival institution located within The George Washington University in
- ^ El coronel que le pena al ejército, La Nación, September 24, 2005 (Spanish)
- ^ Michael Townley fue interrogado por muerte de Frei Montalva, Radio Cooperativa, March 30, 2005 (Spanish)
- ^ Activities of Virgilio Paz in Northern Ireland during 1975, National Security Archive
See also
- Operation Condor
- Colonia Dignidad
- Eugenio Berríos
- Manuel Contreras
- Raúl Iturriaga
- Pedro Espinoza
- Augusto Pinochet
External links
La Nación is a Chilean Newspaper created in 1917 by Eliodoro Yáñez and presided until 1927 by Carlos Dávila. Radio Cooperativa is a radio station in Chile. It is operated by Compañía Chilena de Comunicaciones S For other uses of Operation Condor please see Operation Condor (disambiguation Operation Condor (Operación Cóndor Operação Condor was a campaign Villa Baviera (Bavaria Village formerly known as Colonia Dignidad (Dignidad Colony is a Chilean hamlet in Parral Commune Linares Province Eugenio Berríos Sagredo (died in April 1995 was a Chilean Biochemist who worked for the DINA intelligence agency Juan Manuel Guillermo Contreras Sepúlveda (born May 4, 1929) is a Chilean military and the former head of DINA, Chile's Secret police Raúl Eduardo Iturriaga Neumann (b January 23 1938 in Linares Chile) is a retired Army general and a former deputy director of the DINA Brigadier Pedro Espinoza Bravo was a Chilean Army officer and member of the DINA, the secret police which operated during the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990 Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (NovemberDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic