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Hydro at Mæl in 1925
Career
Name: D/F Hydro
Operator: Norsk Hydro
Port of Registry: Flag of Norway Norway
Completed: 1914
Out of service: 1944
Fate: sunk by resistance movement in WW2
General characteristics
Tonnage: 494 tonnes
Length: 53 m (174 ft)
Installed power: 2x 186 kW steam engines
Capacity: 120 passengers

D/F Hydro was a Norwegian steam powered railway ferry that operated on Tinnsjø in Telemark. Norsk Hydro ASA (,) is a Norwegian Aluminium and Renewable energy company headquartered in Oslo. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller See also Merchant ship A train ferry is a Ship designed to carry railway vehicles Tinnsjå ( Tinnsjø, Tinnsjøen) is one of the largest lakes in Norway is a county in Norway, bordering Vestfold, Buskerud, Hordaland, Rogaland and Aust-Agder. The ferry operated between Mæl and Tinnoset between 1914 and 1944, connection the two railways Rjukanbanen and Tinnosbanen. Mæl Station is a railway station on Rjukanbanen and where the railway cars on the line were transferred to the railway ferry to Tinnoset. Tinnoset is a village in the municipality of Notodden, Norway, located at the southernmost end of Tinnsjå. The railway was used to trasport raw materials to and fertilizer from Norsk Hydro's factory at Rjukan to the port in Skien. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Norsk Hydro ASA (,) is a Norwegian Aluminium and Renewable energy company headquartered in Oslo. Rjukan is a city and the administrative center of Tinn municipality in Telemark. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo is a city and municipality in the county of Telemark, Norway and administrative centre of Telemark County It is famous for being one of the targets of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage on February 20, 1944 when the ferry was sunk to 430 metes deep in Tinnsjø to prevent Nazi Germany from developing nuclear weapons. The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a series of actions taken by Norwegian saboteurs during World War II to prevent the German nuclear energy project from acquiring Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion.

Contents

History

In 1909 Norsk Hydro opened its fertilizer factory in Rjukan, Rjukan Salpeterfabrikk along with the hydro electric power plant Vemork in addition to a 130 km long railway and seaway transport corridor. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Norsk Hydro ASA (,) is a Norwegian Aluminium and Renewable energy company headquartered in Oslo. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power is power that is derived from the Force or Energy of moving water which may A power station (also referred to as generating station, power plant or powerhouse) is an industrial facility for the generation of Vemork is the name of an hydroelectric Power plant outside Rjukan in Tinn, Norway. The chain consisted of the following sections

D/F Hydro was the second ferry that Norsk Hydro built to operate on Tinnsjø. Tinnsjå ( Tinnsjø, Tinnsjøen) is one of the largest lakes in Norway The first, D/F Rjukanfoss, was delivered along with the opening of the railway in 1909 while D/F Hydro was delivered five years later. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The ferries each made two round trips each day. In 1929 the plant was expanded and a third ferry, D/F Ammonia was delivered. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. It can still be seen docked at Mæl.

Heavy water sabotage

The ferry was to end its life in an exceptionally dramatic and memorable way. During World War II the German occupation of Norway had resulted in the factory at Rjukan supplying German scientists of heavy water, a necessary product to make nuclear weapons. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Starting with the invasion of April 9, 1940, Norway was under Military occupation of German forces and civil rule of a German Heavy water is water which contains a higher proportion than normal of the Isotope Deuterium, as deuterium oxide, D2O or ²H2O A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The Norwegian resistance movement had performed a number of sabotage actions against Rjukan, but still the Germans possessed an estimate of 600 kg of heavy water. Norwegian Resistance Movement (Norske Motstandsbevegelsen is a militant offshoot of the Swedish Resistance Movement, with its base in Norway The Norwegian heavy water sabotage was a series of actions taken by Norwegian saboteurs during World War II to prevent the German nuclear energy project from acquiring

To prevent the heavy water from reaching Germany, the resistance movement planned an attack on D/F Hydro, planning to sink the ship at the deepest part of Tinnsjø, at 430 meters depth. Tinnsjå ( Tinnsjø, Tinnsjøen) is one of the largest lakes in Norway On the evening of February 19, 1944 8. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 5 kg of plastic explosive was placed on the ferry and the next day, during the transport from Mæl to Tinnoset the ship was sunk. 18 people, 14 Norwegians and four Germans, were killed in the sabotage. This efficiently prohibited Germany from acquiring any heavy water for nuclear development.

Post war interest

In 1948 a Norwegian film, The Fight Over the Heavy Water, was made that depicted the sabotages, including the sinking of D/F Hydro. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This film featured some of the original saboteurs. In 1965 an American film, The Heroes of Telemark depicted the same events, though in a less accurate way. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The Heroes of Telemark is a 1965 War film directed by Anthony Mann based on the story of the Norwegian heavy water sabotage during A monument in memory of the deceased of the accident has also been put up near where the ship sank.

In the early 1990s the wreck of Hydro was found by a mini-submarine. A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability 600 kg of heavy water was also found onboard, confirming any doubt as to whether Hydro actually was carrying the heavy water the day it was sunk. Two of the barrels have been salvaged, and one of them can be seen at Norsk Industriarbeidermuseum at Vemork, Rjukan. Vemork is the name of an hydroelectric Power plant outside Rjukan in Tinn, Norway.

References

External links

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