D. W. Griffith
Born	David Llewelyn Wark Griffith January 22, 1875(1875-01-22) La Grange, Kentucky, United States
Died	July 23, 1948 (aged 73) Hollywood, California, United States
Spouse(s)	Linda Arvidson (1906-1936) Evelyn Baldwin (1936-1947)

David Llewelyn Wark "D. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common La Grange is a city in Oldham County, Kentucky, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Linda Arvidson (1884 - 26 July, 1949) was an American movie actress and the first wife D W. " Griffith (January 22 1875 – July 23, 1948) was a premier pioneering Academy Award-winning American film director. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Events 1870s - French inventor Charles-Émile Reynaud improved on the Zoetrope idea by placing mirrors at the center of the Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. He is best known as the director of the controversial 1915 film The Birth of a Nation and the subsequent film Intolerance (1916). The year 1915 in film involved some significant events Events June 18: The Motion Picture Directors Association (MPDA was formed by The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D Intolerance Love's Struggle Through the Ages, a Silent film directed by D ^[1]

Early life

Griffith was born in La Grange, Kentucky to Jacob "Roaring Jake" Griffith and Mary Perkins Oglesby. La Grange is a city in Oldham County, Kentucky, United States. His father was a Confederate Army colonel, a Civil War hero, and a Kentucky legislator. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. D. W. was educated by his older sister, Mattie, in a one-room country school. His father died when he was 10, upon which the family experienced serious financial hardships. At age 14, D. W. 's mother abandoned the farm and moved the family to Louisville where she opened a boarding house, which failed shortly. D. W. left high school to help with the finances, taking a job first in a dry goods store, and, later, in a bookstore.

Griffith began his career as a hopeful playwright but met with little success; only one of his plays was even accepted for a performance^[2]. A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. Griffith decided to instead become an actor, and appeared in many plays as an extra^[3].

Film career

In 1907, Griffith, still having goals for becoming a successful playwright, moved to California and attempted to sell a script to Edison producer Edwin Porter. ^[2]. Porter rejected Griffith's script, but allowed him to be an extra in his movie Rescued From An Eagle's Nest^[2] Finding his way into the motion picture business, he soon began to direct a huge body of work. In 1908, Griffith accepted an acting job for the Biograph Company in New York City. At Biograph, Griffith's career in the film industry would also change forever[1]. In 1908, Biograph's main director Wallace McCutcheon grew ill, and his son, Wallace McCutcheon, Jr. , took his place. ^[4] McCutcheon, Jr. , however, was not able to bring the studio good success[2]. As a result, Biograph head Henry Marvin decided to give Griffith the position [3]; Griffith then made his first movie for the company, The Adventures of Dollie.

Between 1908 and 1913 (the years he directed for the Biograph Company), Griffith produced 450 short films, an enormous number even for this period. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1913 ( MCMXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1928 This work enabled him to experiment with cross-cutting, camera movement, close-ups, and other methods of spatial and temporal manipulation. Cross-cutting is an editing technique used in films to establish continuity In Film, Television, and Still photography a close-up tightly frames a person or an object At Biograph, Griffith became a huge success as a director, and would also help launch the career of Mary Pickford as well. ^[3]

On Griffith's first trip to California as a director, he and his company discovered a little village to film their movies in. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. This place was known as Hollywood. With this, Biograph was the first company to shoot a movie in Hollywood: In Old California (1910). The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1928 In Old California is a Silent movie filmed in 1910. It was the first movie shot in Hollywood California. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

Influenced by a European feature film Cabiria from Italy, Griffith was convinced that feature films could be financially viable. This article is about Giovanni Pastrone 's 1914 silent film for the Federico Fellini film see The Nights of Cabiria. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest He produced and directed the Biograph feature film Judith of Bethulia, one of the earliest feature films to be produced in the United States. The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1928 Judith of Bethulia was a 1914 film and starred Blanche Sweet and Henry B The United States of America —commonly referred to as the However, Biograph believed that longer features were not viable. The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1928 According to actress Lillian Gish, "[Biograph] thought that a movie that long would hurt [the audience's] eyes". Lillian Diana Gish ( October 14 1893 – February 27 1993) was an American stage screen and television actress whose Because of this, and the film's budget overrun (it cost US$30,000 dollars to produce), Griffith left Biograph and took his whole stock company of actors with him, and joined the Mutual Film Corporation and formed a studio, with Majestic Studio manager Harry Aitken^[5] known as Reliance-Majestic Studios (which was later renamed Fine Arts Studio). The American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, was a motion picture company founded in 1895 and active until 1928 ^[6] His new production company became an autonomous production unit partner in Triangle Film Corporation with Keystone Studios and Thomas Ince; the Triangle Film Corporation was head by Griffith's partner Harry Aitken, who was released from the Mutual Film Corporation^[5] and his brother Roy. Triangle Film Corporation (aka Triangle Motion Picture Company) was a major American motion-picture studio founded in the summer of 1915 in Culver City Keystone Studios was an early Movie studio founded in Edendale California in 1912 as the Keystone Pictures Studio by Thomas Harper Ince ( November 6, 1882 – November 19, 1924) was an American Silent film Actor, director Through Reliance-Majestic Studios, he produced The Clansman (1915), which would later be known as The Birth of a Nation. Reliance-Majestic Studios was an early American Movie studio in Hollywood California, originally built around 1914 at 4516 Sunset Boulevard. The Clansman is the title of a novel published in 1905 and the play based on it Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D

D. W. Griffith on a movie set with actor Henry Walthall and others. Henry B Walthall ( March 16, 1878 – June 17, 1936) was an American Film actor.

The Birth of a Nation is considered important by film historians as one of the first feature length American film (most previous films had been less than one hour long), and arguably changed to film industry to the standards of which it is recognized today. The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D Feature length is a film term that refers to the length of a Feature film. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[7] It was enormously popular, breaking box office records, but aroused controversy in the way it expressed the racist views held by many in the era (it depicts Southern pre-Civil War black slavery as benign, and the Ku Klux Klan as a band of heroes restoring order to a post-Reconstruction black-ruled South). Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are South is one of Cardinal directions and is opposite to the North. Although these views matched the opinions of many American historians of the day (and indeed, long afterwards), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People campaigned against the film, but was unsuccessful in suppressing it. The Dunning School refers to a group of historians who shared a historiographical School of thought regarding the Reconstruction period of American The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations It would go on to become the most successful box office attraction of its time. "They lost track of the money it made," Lillian Gish once remarked in a Kevin Brownlow interview. Lillian Diana Gish ( October 14 1893 – February 27 1993) was an American stage screen and television actress whose Kevin Brownlow (born on June 2, 1938 in Crowborough, Sussex) is a filmmaker film historian, Television documentary -maker Among the people who profited by the film was Louis B. Mayer, who bought the rights to distribute The Birth of a Nation in New England. Louis Burt Mayer (born Lazar Meir July 4, 1884 &ndash October 29, 1957) was an early Film producer, most The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the With the money he made, he was able to begin his career as a producer that culminated in the creation of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios. Margaret Mitchell, who wrote Gone with the Wind, was also inspired by Griffith's Civil War epic. Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell Marsh ( November 8 1900 – August 16 1949) popularly known as Margaret Mitchell was an American This is about the 1936 American Novel. For the film see Gone with the Wind (film Gone with the Wind is a 1936 American

However, after seeing The Birth of a Nation, audiences in some major northern cities also responded by rioting over the film's racial content. ^[8] After The Birth of a Nation had run its course in theaters, Griffith would also respond to the negative reception a vast amount of critics gave the film through his next film Intolerance, which attacked the institution of slavery. Intolerance Love's Struggle Through the Ages, a Silent film directed by D During its release, however, Intolerance was not a success; like The Birth Of A Nation, Griffith put a huge budget into the film's production, which was also a key factor in its failure at the box office. ^[9] The production partnership was dissolved in 1917, so Griffith went to Artcraft (part of Paramount), then to First National (1919-1920). Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. First National was an association of independent theater owners in the United States that expanded from exhibiting movies to distributing them and eventually to producing them as Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar At the same time he founded United Artists, together with Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. Mary Pickford ( April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979) was an Academy Award -winning Canadian motion picture Douglas Fairbanks ( May 23 1883 – December 12 1939) was an American Actor, Screenwriter, director At United Artists, Griffith continued to make films, but never could achieve box office grosses as high as either The Birth of a Nation or Intolerance. ^[10]

Though United Artists survived as a company, Griffith's association with it was short-lived, and while some of his later films did well at the box office, commercial success often eluded him. This article is about the film studio Previously it was affiliated with a cinema chain bearing its name now owned by Regal Entertainment Group. Griffith features from this period include Broken Blossoms (1919), Way Down East (1920), Orphans of the Storm (1921) and America (1924); the earlier three were successes at the box office. Broken Blossoms is a 1919 silent film film directed by D W Griffith and starring Lillian Gish, Richard Barthelmess Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Way Down East ( 1920) is a American Drama Silent film directed by D Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Orphans of the Storm is a 1921 film by DW Griffith set in late 18th century France, before and during the French Revolution Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[11] In 1924, Griffith was forced to leave United Artists after Isn't Life Wonderful failed at the box office, and returned to Paramount as a director. ^[12] Griffith made only two sound films, Abraham Lincoln (1930) and The Struggle (1931). Abraham Lincoln is a Biographical film about former American president Abraham Lincoln, released in 1930. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Neither was successful, and he never made another film. For the last seventeen years of his life he lived as a virtual hermit in Los Angeles. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West

Death

He died of cerebral hemorrhage in 1948 on his way to a Hollywood hospital from the Knickerbocker Hotel where he had been living alone. A cerebral hemorrhage (or intracerebral hemorrhage, ICH) is a subtype of Intracranial hemorrhage that occurs within the Brain tissue itself The eleven-story Knickerbocker Hotel, now senior home Hollywood Knickerbocker Apartments, ( 1714 Ivar Ave Los Angeles CA) is one of the old historic Los ^[1] He is buried at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard in Centerfield, Kentucky. ^[13]

Achievements

D. W. Griffith has been called the father of film grammar. In Film, film grammar is defined as follows A frame is a single still image Few scholars still hold that his "innovations" really began with him, but Griffith was a key figure in establishing the set of codes that have become the universal backbone of film language. He was particularly influential in popularizing "cross-cutting"—using film editing to alternate between different events occurring at the same time—in order to build suspense. Cross-cutting is an editing technique used in films to establish continuity Film editing is an art of storytelling practiced by connecting two or more shots together to form a sequence, and the subsequent connecting of sequences to form an Suspense is the Feeling of uncertainty and Anxiety about the outcome of certain actions most often referring to an audience's perceptions in a dramatic work Some claim, too, that he "invented" the close-up shot. In Film, Television, and Still photography a close-up tightly frames a person or an object That being said, he still used many elements from the "primitive" style of movie-making that predated classical Hollywood's continuity system, such as frontal staging, exaggerated gestures, minimal camera movement, and an absence of point of view shots. Classical Hollywood cinema or the classical Hollywood narrative, are terms used in film history which designates both a visual and sound style for making motion pictures A point of view shot also known as POV shot or a subjective camera) is a short Film scene that shows what a character (the subject is looking at (represented

Credit for Griffith's cinematic innovations must be shared with his cameraman of many years, Billy Bitzer. Gottfried Wilhelm "Billy" Bitzer ( April 21 1874 &ndash April 29 1944) was a pioneering Cinematographer notable for his close association In addition, he himself credited the legendary silent star Lillian Gish, who appeared in several of his films, with creating a new style of acting for the cinema. Lillian Diana Gish ( October 14 1893 – February 27 1993) was an American stage screen and television actress whose

Legacy

Stamp issued by the United States Postal Service commemorating D. W. Griffith.

Motion picture legend Charles Chaplin called Griffith "The Teacher of us All". This sentiment was widely shared. Filmmakers as diverse as John Ford and Orson Welles have spoken of their respect for the director of Intolerance. George Orson Welles (May 6 1915 – October 10 1985 was an Academy Award -winning director, writer actor and producer for film stage radio and television Intolerance Love's Struggle Through the Ages, a Silent film directed by D Regardless of whether he actually invented new techniques in film grammar, he seems to have been among the first to understand how these techniques could be used to create an expressive language. In early shorts such as Biograph's The Musketeers of Pig Alley (1912) which was the first "Gangster film", we can see how Griffith's attention to camera placement and lighting heighten mood and tension. The Musketeers of Pig Alley is a 1912 American short / Drama film credited as the first Gangster film in history In making Intolerance the director opened up new possibilities for the medium, creating a form that seems to owe more to music than to traditional narrative. Griffith was honored on a 10-cent postage stamp by the United States issued May 5, 1975. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

California Historical Marker marking the site of D. W. Griffith's movie ranch in Sylmar, CA.

In 1953, the Directors Guild of America instituted the D. Directors Guild of America ( DGA) is the labor union which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States W. Griffith Award, its highest honor. Its recipients included Stanley Kubrick, David Lean, John Huston, Woody Allen, Akira Kurosawa, John Ford, Ingmar Bergman, Alfred Hitchcock, and Griffith's friend Cecil B. DeMille. Sir David Lean KBE ( 25 March, 1908 &ndash 16 April, 1991) was an English Film director and producer John Marcellus Huston ( August 5 1906 &ndash August 28 1987) was an American Film director and Actor. Woody Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; December 1 1935 is an American Film director, Writer, Actor, Comedian, and Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage Sir Alfred Joseph Hitchcock, KBE (13 Cecil Blount DeMille ( August 12, 1881 – January 21, 1959) was an Academy Award -winning American Film director On 15 December 1999, however, DGA President Jack Shea and the DGA National Board—without membership consultation (though unnecessary according to DGA's regulations)—announced that the award would be renamed the DGA Lifetime Achievement Award because Griffith's film The Birth of a Nation had "helped foster intolerable racial stereotypes". Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The following living recipients of the award agreed with the guild's decision: Francis Ford Coppola and Sidney Lumet. Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, Sidney Lumet (born June 25 1924) is an Academy Award -receiving American Film director, with over 50 Films to his name

Film preservation

D. W. Griffith has five films preserved in the United States National Film Registry as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of These films are Lady Helen's Escapade (1909), A Corner in Wheat (1909), The Birth of a Nation (1915), Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages (1916), and Broken Blossoms (1919). Lady Helen's Escapade is a short movie produced in 1909, directed by D A Corner in Wheat is a 1909 short Film which tells of a greedy Tycoon who tries to corner the world market on wheat destroying The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D Intolerance Love's Struggle Through the Ages, a Silent film directed by D Broken Blossoms is a 1919 silent film film directed by D W Griffith and starring Lillian Gish, Richard Barthelmess

Selected filmography

Main article: D. W. Griffith filmography

• The Taming of the Shrew (1908)
• Money Mad (1908)
• Balked at the Altar (1908)
• Romance of a Jewess (1908) with Florence Lawrence
• At the Altar (1909)
• Resurrection (1909)
• The Country Doctor (1909) with Florence Lawrence and Mary Pickford
• In Old California (1910) with Henry B. Walthall
• In the Border States (1910) with Henry B. These are the films directed by D W Griffith. According to the Internet Movie Database, Griffith directed 534 films between 1908 and 1931. The Taming of the Shrew is an early comedy by William Shakespeare believed to have been written between 1590 and 1594 Money Mad is a 1908 short Crime film directed by DW Griffith. Balked at the Altar is a 1908 short Comedy film directed by D Florence Lawrence ( January 2, 1890 &ndash December 28, 1938) was a Canadian inventor and Silent film actress who At the Altar is a 1909 Drama film directed by D W Griffith. A print of this films survives in the film archive of the Library of Resurrection is a silent Short film made in 1909 by Biograph Studios. The Country Doctor is a 1909 Drama film directed by D W Griffith. Mary Pickford ( April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979) was an Academy Award -winning Canadian motion picture In Old California is a Silent movie filmed in 1910. It was the first movie shot in Hollywood California. Henry B Walthall ( March 16, 1878 – June 17, 1936) was an American Film actor. In the Border States is a 1910 Drama film directed by D W Griffith. Walthall
• The Lonedale Operator (1911) with Blanche Sweet
• The Smile of a Child (1911) with Blanche Sweet
• Fighting Blood (1911) with Blanche Sweet and Lionel Barrymore
• Out from the Shadow (1911) with Blanche Sweet
• The Making of a Man (1911) with Blanche Sweet
• Her Awakening (1911) with Mabel Normand
• The Goddess of Sagebrush Gulch (1912) with Blanche Sweet
• Friends (1912) with Mary Pickford, Henry B. The Lonedale Operator is a 1911 short Drama film directed by D Blanche Sweet ( June 18, 1896 – September 6, 1986) was a Silent film Actress who began her career in the earliest days Lionel Barrymore ( April 28, 1878 – November 15, 1954) was an American Academy Award -winning actor of stage radio Her Awakening is a 1911 short predating feature-length films starring comedienne Mabel Normand and directed by D Mabel Normand ( November 9, 1892 - February 23, 1930) was an American Film actress and the most popular Friends is a 1912 film written and directed by D W Griffith and starring Mary Pickford, Henry B Walthall, Lionel Barrymore and Harry Carey
• An Unseen Enemy (1912) with Lilian Gish
• The New York Hat (1912) with Mary Pickford, Lionel Barrymore, Mae Marsh and Lillian Gish
• Drink's Lure (1913)
• Oil and Water (1913) with Blanche Sweet, Henry B. This page is about the actor Harry Carey For the baseball broadcaster with a similar name see Harry Caray. An Unseen Enemy is a 1912 silent film directed by DW Griffith. The New York Hat is a short film produced by Biograph in 1912. Mae Marsh (born Mary Wayne Marsh, November 9, 1894 in Madrid New Mexico, died February 13, 1968 in Hermosa Beach Lillian Diana Gish ( October 14 1893 – February 27 1993) was an American stage screen and television actress whose Oil and Water is a 1913 film directed by D W Griffith and starring Blanche Sweet. Walthall, Lionel Barrymore and Harry Carey
• Judith of Bethulia (1914) with Blanche Sweet, Henry B. Judith of Bethulia was a 1914 film and starred Blanche Sweet and Henry B Walthall, Mae Marsh, Lillian Gish and Dorothy Gish
• Strongheart (1914) with Blanche Sweet, Lionel Barrymore and Alan Hale
• The Avenging Conscience (1914) with Blanche Sweet and Henry B. Dorothy Elizabeth Gish ( March 11, 1898 - June 4, 1968) was an American actress Alan Hale can refer to Alan Hale Sr (1892–1950 an American actor and frequent sidekick of Douglas Fairbanks and Errol Flynn Hale played "Little John" Walthall
• The Birth of a Nation (1915) with Lillian Gish, Henry B. The Birth of a Nation (also known as The Clansman) a Silent film directed by D Walthall, Mae Marsh and Raoul Walsh
• Intolerance (1916)
• Broken Blossoms (1919) with Lillian Gish
• Way Down East (1920) with Lillian Gish
• Orphans of the Storm (1921) with Lillian Gish and Dorothy Gish
• One Exciting Night (1922) with Henry Hull
• Mammy's Boy (1923) with Al Jolson
• America (1924)
• The Sorrows of Satan (1926)
• Lady of the Pavements (1929) with Lupe Velez and William Boyd
• D.W. Griffith's 'Abraham Lincoln' (1930) with Walter Huston

References

Further reading

• Lillian Gish, The Movies, Mr. Griffith and Me (Englewood, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1969)
• Karl Brown, Adventures with D. W. Griffith (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1973)
• Richard Schickel, D. W. Griffith: An American Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984)
• Robert M. Henderson, D. W. Griffith: His Life and Work (New York: Oxford University Press, 1972)
• William M. Drew, D. W. Griffith’s "Intolerance:" Its Genesis and Its Vision (Jefferson, NJ: McFarland & Company, 1986)
• Kevin Brownlow, The Parade’s Gone By (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1968)
• Seymour Stern, An Index to the Creative Work of D. W. Griffith, (London: The British Film Institute, 1944-47)
• David Robinson, Hollywood in the Twenties (New York: A. S. Barnes & Co, Inc. Alfred Smith Barnes ( January 28, 1817 in New Haven Connecticut – February 17, 1888 in Brooklyn New York) was an American , 1968)
• Edward Wagenknecht and Anthony Slide, The Films of D. W. Griffith (New York: Crown, 1975)
• William K. Everson, American Silent Film (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978)
• Iris Barry and Eileen Bowser, D. W. Griffith: American Film Master (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1965)
• Drew, William M. . D.W. Griffith (1875-1948). Retrieved on 2007-07-31. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently

External links

• D. W. Griffith at the Internet Movie Database
• Bibliography of books and articles about Griffith via UC Berkeley Media Resources Center
• Souvenir Guide for The Birth of a Nation, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• D. W. Griffith at Find A Grave