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| Motto: Częstochowa to dobre miasto (Częstochowa is a good city) |
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  Częstochowa
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Poland |
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| Voivodeship | Silesian | ||
| County | city county | ||
| Established | 11th century | ||
| Town rights | 1356 | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Tadeusz Wrona | ||
| Area | |||
| - City | 160 km² (61. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 8 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2006) | |||
| - City | 246,129 | ||
| - Density | 1,538. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 3/km² (3,984. 2/sq mi) | ||
| - Metro | 400,000 | ||
| Time zone | CET (UTC+1) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | CEST (UTC+2) | ||
| Postal code | 42-200 to 42-229, 42-263, 42-271, 42-280, 42-294 | ||
| Area code(s) | +48 34 | ||
| Car plates | SC | ||
| Website: http://www.czestochowa.pl/ | |||
Częstochowa [t͡ʂɛ̃stɔˈxɔva] (
listen) (Czech: Čenstochová, German: Tschenstochau, Yiddish: טשענסטעכאוו-Chenstekhov) is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 248,894 inhabitants (2004). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Warta (Warthe Varta is a River in western-central Poland, a tributary of the Oder river It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975-1998). Silesian Voivodeship (also known as Silesia Province or by its Polish name of województwo śląskie or simply Śląskie) is a Voivodeship Częstochowa Voivodeship (województwo częstochowskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975 – 1998, superseded
The town is known for the famous Paulist monastery of Jasna Góra that is the home of the Black Madonna painting, a shrine of the Virgin Mary. Paulists, or Pauline, is the name used for several Roman Catholic Orders and Congregations taken in honour and under the patronage of St This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Jasna Góra links here For other places with that name see Jasna Góra (disambiguation. The Black Madonna of Częstochowa ( Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska Częstochowska in Polish, Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae In the culture and practice of some Christian Churches - mainly but not solely the Roman Catholic Church - a Shrine to the Virgin Mary (or Marian shrine Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. A pilgrim is one who undertakes a Pilgrimage, literally 'far afield' There is also a Lusatian culture excavation site and museum in the city and ruins of a medieval castle in Olsztyn, approximately 15 kilometres (ca. The Lusatian culture existed in the later Bronze Age and early Iron Age ( 1300 BC - 500 BC) in eastern Germany, most of Poland A castle is a defensive structure seen as one of the main symbols of the Middle Ages. 10 mi) from the city centre.
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City name
The name of Częstochowa means Częstoch's place and comes from a personal name of Częstoch mentioned in the mediaeval documents also as Częstobor and Częstomir. The original name was mentioned as Częstochowa, spelled Czanstochowa in 1220, or Częstochow in 1382 and 1558. A part of today's city called Częstochówka was a separate municipality mentioned in 14th century as the Old Częstochowa (Antiquo Czanstochowa, 1382) and Częstochówka in 1470-80.
Częstochowa is also known as Czestochowa, Czenstochov, and Chenstochov.
History
1200s-1500s
The village of Częstochowa was founded in 11th century. It is first mentioned as a village in historical documents from 1220. In 1382 the Paulist monastery of Jasna Góra was founded by Władysław Opolczyk (Ladislav of Opole) - the Polish Piast prince of Upper Silesia. Jasna Góra links here For other places with that name see Jasna Góra (disambiguation. This artivle is about a 14th century noble For the 13th century one see Władysław Opolski. Opole (Oppeln is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River (Odra Piast dynasty is the name used since the 17th century for Polish Royal Dynasty that ruled Poland from its beginnings as Duchy ruled by Mieszko Upper Silesia (Horní Slezsko Oberschlesien Latin: Silesia Superior; Górny Śląsk Silesian: Gůrny Ślůnsk) is the southeastern part Two years later the monastery received its famous Black Madonna icon of the Virgin Mary and in subsequent years became a center of pilgrimage, contributing to the growth of the adjacent town. The Black Madonna of Częstochowa ( Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska Częstochowska in Polish, Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae Before 1377 Częstochowa received a town charter, which was later changed to the Magdeburg Law in 1502. A city charter or town charter (generically municipal charter) is a legal Document establishing a Municipality such as a City or Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with
1600s-1700s
In the 17th century the local monastery was turned into a fortress, which was one of the pockets of Polish resistance against the Swedish armies during The Deluge in 1655. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The Siege of Jasna Góra (also known less accurately as the Battle of Częstochowa, Oblężenie Jasnej Góry took place in the winter of 1655 during The Deluge The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History The Jewish community in Częstochowa came into existence by about 1700. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ After the second Partition of Poland it was annexed by Prussia. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state After 1760, Jacob Frank, the leader of a Jewish religion mixing Kabbalah, Catholicism and Islam, was imprisoned in the monastery by the church. Jacob Frank (יעקב פרנק Ya'akov Frank, Jakob Frank; 1726 - 1791 was an 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of His followers established near him, establishing a cult of his daughter Eve Frank. In August of 1772, Frank was released by the Russian general Bibikov, who had occupied the city.
1800s
During the Napoleonic Wars, in 1807 it became part of the Duchy of Warsaw and since 1815 the Kingdom of Poland. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger Jasna Góra links here For other places with that name see Jasna Góra (disambiguation. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye This started a period of fast growth of the city. In 1819 renowned military architect Jan Bernhard planned and started the construction of Aleja Najświętszej Panny Marii - the Holiest Virgin Mary Avenue, which currently is the main axis of the modern city. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year The two existing towns of Częstochowa and Częstochówka (the latter received the city rights in 1717 as Nowa Częstochowa) were finally merged in 1826. Year 1717 ( MDCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display In 1846 the Warsaw-Vienna Railway line was opened, linking the city with the rest of Europe. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The Warsaw-Vienna Railway (Kolej Warszawsko-Wiedeńska was a Railway system which operated in Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire, from 1845 After 1870 iron ore started to be developed in the area, which gave a boost to the local industry. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Among the most notable investments of the epoch was the Huta Częstochowa steel mill built by Bernard Hantke, as well as several weaveries and paper factories.
1900s
During World War I the town came under German occupation, and in 1918 it became a part of the newly-reborn Republic of Poland. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The new state acquired large deposits of good iron ore in Silesia and the mines in Częstochowa became inefficient and soon were closed. Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people This brought the period of prosperity to an end. At the same time a bishopric was relocated to the city in 1925. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
After the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the town was occupied by Nazi Germany, renamed to Tschenstochau, and incorporated into the General Government. The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation The Nazis marched into Częstochowa on Sunday, September 3, 1939, two days after they invaded Poland. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The next day, which became known as Bloody Monday, approximately 150 Jews were shot dead by the Germans. On April 9, 1941, a ghetto for Jews was created. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure During World War II approximately 45,000 of Częstochowa's Jews were murdered by the Germans, almost the entire Jewish community living there. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The city was liberated from the Germans by the Red Army on January 16, 1945. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar
Due to the communist idea of fast industrialisation, the inefficient steel mill was significantly expanded and named after Bolesław Bierut. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one Steel Mill was one of Bruce Springsteen 's early bands and performed regularly on the Jersey Shore, in Virginia, and also in California from 1969 Bolesław Bierut (real name Bolesław Biernacki, April 18, 1892 - March 12, 1956) was a Polish Communist This, combined with the growing tourist movement, led to yet another period of fast city growth, concluded in 1975 with the creation of a separate Częstochowa Voivodeship. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Częstochowa Voivodeship (województwo częstochowskie was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975 – 1998, superseded
Tourism
Currently the city is one of the main tourist attractions of the area and is sometimes called the little Nuremberg because of the number of souvenir shops and historical monuments. It attracts millions (4. 5 mln - 2005) of tourists and pilgrims every year. A pilgrim is one who undertakes a Pilgrimage, literally 'far afield'
The Black Madonna of Częstochowa, housed at the Jasna Góra Monastery, is a particularly popular attraction. The Black Madonna of Częstochowa ( Czarna Madonna or Matka Boska Częstochowska in Polish, Imago thaumaturga Beatae Virginis Mariae Immaculatae Jasna Góra links here For other places with that name see Jasna Góra (disambiguation.
Transport
Main road connections from the Częstochowa include connection with Warsaw (to the north-east) and Katowice (to the south) via the European route E75 (National Road 1 ). Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Katowice (Katovice Kattowitz is a City in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica The E75 is part of the International E-road network, which is a series of main roads in Europe. There are also three anothter national roads number 43 to Wieluń, 46 to Opole and 91 to Piotrków Trybunalski. Wieluń is a town in central Poland with 24347 inhabitants (2006 Opole (Oppeln is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River (Odra Piotrków Trybunalski {{IPA-pl|t|r|y|b|u|'|n|a|l|s|k|i}} (also known by alternative names) is a City in central Poland with 80738 inhabitants (2005
Education
Some of the educational institutions in Częstochowa include:
- Politechnika Częstochowska
- Akademia Jana Długosza (previously Wyższa Szkoła Pedagogiczna)
- Akademia Polonijna (previously Wyższa Szkoła Języków Obcych i Ekonomii)
- Wyższa Szkoła Hotelarstwa i Turystyki
- Wyższa Szkoła Lingwistyczna
- Wyższa Szkoła Zarządzania
Sports
Sports highlights include:
- CKM Włókniarz Czestochowa - speedway team from Częstochowa, 3rd place in season 2005, 2nd place in season 2006 first place in season 2003.
- Klub Sportowy Raków Częstochowa (Called RKS) - football team from Częstochowa playing in Third Polish Football League. Site : [1]Football is soccer
- Wkręt-Met AZS Czestochowa - men's volleyball team playing in Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkówki, PLS), 2th place in season 2007/2008. Volleyball is a popular team sport in Poland. Polish Volleyball League (Polska Liga Siatkowki PLS Polish Seria B Men's Volleyball The Polish Volleyball League ( pol: Polska Liga Siatkówki - PLS) is the highest level of men's Volleyball in Poland, a professional
- Tytan Częstochowa - Częstochowa's basketball team, plays in first league of Dominet Basket Liga (Polska Liga Koszykówki, PLK)
- Rugby Club Częstochowa - Częstochowa's rugby team, plays in Polish rugby seven's league
Politics
Częstochowa constituency
The Members of the lower house of Parliament (Sejm) elected by the Częstochowa constituency include:
- Szymon Giżyński (Law and Justice)
- Lucjan Karasiewicz (Law and Justice)
- Jadwiga Wiśniewska (Law and Justice)
- Halina Rozpondek (Citizens Platform)
- Edward Maniura (Citizens Platform)
- Ewa Janik (Alliance of the Democratic Left)
- Andrzej Grzesik (Self-Defense of the Republic of Poland)
The Members of the higher house of Parliament (Senate) elected by the Częstochowa constituency include:
- Jarosław Lasecki (independent)
- Czesław Ryszka (Law and Justice)
Twin towns
Altötting, Fatima, Loreto, Lourdes, Pforzheim, Rezekne, South Bend, Šiauliai
References
External links
General
- Official website
- Native's portal
- Forum Czestochowa - City forum
- Shockwave Map of the City
- The Black Madonna Monastery
- Jewish Częstochowa
- Czestochowa-Radomsko Area Research Group (CRARG) — for Jewish genealogy
History
- Częstochowa history
- Czestochowa Yizkor Book — remembering Częstochowa Jews murdered by Nazis
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