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 Showy lady slipper
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See text. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons Asparagales is an order of Flowering plants The order must include the family Asparagaceae, but other families included in the order have varied markedly Lady Slippers (aka Lady's Slipper, Lady's-slipper, Ladyslipper) is a term used to describe the orchids in the subfamily Cypripedioidea Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Year 1753 ( MDCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year |
Cypripedium is a genus of 47 species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) and the sole genus of the subtribe Cypripediinae. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic In Biology, a tribe &mdashor infrafamily&mdashis a Taxonomic rank between family and Genus. Its abbreviation used in trade journals is Cyp.
Its members are terrestrial hardy orchids that grow primarily in colder climates of the Northern Hemisphere, in North America, Europe, and Asia. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Northern Hemisphere is the half of a Planet that is North of the Equator —the word hemisphere literally means 'half ball' Some grow in the tundra in Alaska and Siberia, which is an unusually cold habitat for orchids. In physical Geography, tundra is an area where the Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons They can withstand extreme cold, growing under the snow and blooming when the snow melts. But, in the wild, most have become rare and close to extinction, due to an ever shrinking natural habitat and overcollection. In the late 20th century, only a single plant of Cypripedium calceolus survived in Britain. Cypripedium calceolus is a Lady's Slipper Orchid. It is a widespread plant worldwide found from Europe east through Asia to the Pacific Ocean
Common names include slipper orchids, Lady's Slippers, mocassin flowers, camel's foot, squirrel foot, steeple cap, Venus' shoes and whippoorwill shoes. Lady Slippers (aka Lady's Slipper, Lady's-slipper, Ladyslipper) is a term used to describe the orchids in the subfamily Cypripedioidea The genus has a long history of use, dating back 2500 years to the Far East, where they were used medicinally.
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Characteristics
As with most terrestrial orchids, the rhizome is short and robust, growing in the uppermost soil layer. In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots The rhizome grows annually with a growth bud at one end and dies off at the other end. The stem grows from the bud at the tip of the rhizome. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. Most slipper orchids have an elongate erect stem, with leaves growing along its length. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. But the Mocassin Flower (Cypripedium acaule) has a short underground stem with leaves springing from the soil. Cypripedium acaule is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium. The often hairy leaves can vary from ovate to elliptic or lanceolate, folded along their length. The stems lack pseudobulbs. The pseudobulb is a Storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes
The inflorescence is racemose. An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches A raceme is a type of Inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate Flowers &mdash flowers having short It can carry one to twelve flowers, as in Cypripedium californicum. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Cypripedium californicum ( California Lady's Slipper) is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium, the Lady's Slipper But most species have one to three flowers. There are three sepals, with, in most species, the two lateral ones more or less fused. A sepal (from Latin separatus "separate" + petalum "petal" is a part of the flower of Angiosperms or flower plants The flower has three acute petals with the third a striking slipper-shaped lip, which is lowermost. A petal (from Ancient Greek petalon "leaf" "thin plate" regarded as a highly modified leaf is one member or part of the corolla The sepals and the petals are usually similarly colored, with the lip in a different color. But variations on this theme occur. The aspect of the lip of different species can vary a great deal. As with all orchids, it is specially constructed to attract pollinators. A pollinator is the biotic agent ( vector) that moves Pollen from the male Anthers of a Flower to the female stigma of a flower to accomplish The flowers show a column with a unique shieldlike staminode. The column, or technically the gynostemium, is a reproductive structure that can be found in several plant families Aristolochiaceae, Orchidaceae, and The ovary is 3-locular (with three chambers). In the Flowering plants an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or Gynoecium.
Synonymy
The following genera have been brought into synonymy with Cypripedium:
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Taxonomy
Comparison between a DNA-analysis and the morphological characteristics in this genus has shown that there is a high degree of divergence between the two, probably due to long periods of isolation or extinction of intermediate forms. Richard Anthony Salisbury FRS ( May 2, 1761 - 1829 was a British Botanist. Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century John Kunkel Small (January 31 1869- January 20 1938 was an American Botanist. Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach ( January 8, 1793 - March 17, 1879) was a German Botanist and Ornithologist Constantine Samuel Rafinesque-Schmaltz, as he is known in Europe ( October 22 1783 - September 18 1840) was a nineteenth-century Richard Anthony Salisbury FRS ( May 2, 1761 - 1829 was a British Botanist. The Eurasian species with yellow or red flowers form a distinct group from the North American species with yellow flowers. The Pelican Orchid (Cypripedium irapeanum) and the California Lady's Slipper (Cypripedium californicum) are probably the first diverging line. Cypripedium californicum ( California Lady's Slipper) is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium, the Lady's Slipper They share several similarities with their sister group Selenipedium. Selenipedium is a Genus of the Orchid family ( Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae)
Species and natural hybrids
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- Cypripedium acaule : Mocassin Flower, Pink Lady's Slipper,Two-leaved Lady's-slipper (C. Cypripedium acaule is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium. and E. Canada, NC & E U. S. A).
- Cypripedium agnicapitatum (Manchuria).
- Cypripedium × alaskanum (C. guttatum × C. yatabeanum; Alaska).
- Cypripedium × andrewsii (C. candidum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens) (E Canada, NC & NE U. S. A).
- Cypripedium arietinum : Ram's-head Lady's-slipper (C & E Canada, NC & NE U. The rare Ram's-Head Lady's-Slipper, Cypripedium arietinum, is an Orchid that is native to the Alvars around the Great Lakes in North S. A).
- Cypripedium bardolphianum (China)
- Cypripedium bardolphianum var. bardolphianum (China)
- Cypripedium bardolphianum var. zhongdianense (China). Rhizome geophyte
- Cypripedium calceolus (Lady's Slipper, Woodpecker nuksack, Yellow Lady's Slipper; Europe to Japan)
- Cypripedium calcicolum (China)
- Cypripedium californicum (California Lady's Slipper; Oregon, N. Cypripedium calceolus is a Lady's Slipper Orchid. It is a widespread plant worldwide found from Europe east through Asia to the Pacific Ocean Cypripedium californicum ( California Lady's Slipper) is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium, the Lady's Slipper California).
- Cypripedium candidum (Small White Lady Slipper; SE Canada, NC & E U. Cypripedium candidum, also known as Small White Lady's Slipper or White Lady's Slipper, is a rare orchid of the Cypripedium genus S. A).
- Cypripedium × catherinae (C. macranthon × C. shanxiense; Russian Far East).
- Cypripedium cheniae (China).
- Cypripedium × columbianum (C. montanum × C. parviflorum var. pubescens; W Canada, NW U. S. A)
- Cypripedium cordigerum (Heart-shaped Lip Cypripedium; N Pakistan to Himalaya, S Tibet).
- Cypripedium daweishanense (S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu) S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu (2005) (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- Cypripedium debile (Frail Cypripedium) (Japan, Taiwan, China)
- Cypripedium dickinsonianum (Mexico (S Chiapas) to Guatemala).
- Cypripedium elegans (E Nepal to China)
- Cypripedium fargesii (China)
- Cypripedium farreri (China)
- Cypripedium fasciculatum (Brownie Lady's-slipper, Clustered Lady's-slipper; W U. Cypripedium fasciculatum is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium. S. A).
- Cypripedium fasciolatum (China).
- Cypripedium flavum (Yellow Cypripedium; SE Tibet, SC China)
- Cypripedium formosanum (Beautiful Cypripedium, Formosa's Lady's Slipper; C Taiwan).
- Cypripedium forrestii (China).
- Cypripedium franchetii (Franchet's Cypripedium; C & SC China).
- Cypripedium froschii (China).
- Cypripedium guttatum (Spotted Lady's Slipper; European Russia to Korea, Alaska to Yukon).
- Cypripedium henryi (Henry's Cypripedium; C China).
- Cypripedium x herae . (C. parviflorum x C. reginae) (Manitoba, Canada)
- Cypripedium himalaicum (SE Tibet to Himalaya).
- Cypripedium irapeanum (Pelican Orchid, Irapeao Cypripedium; Mexico to Honduras).
- Cypripedium japonicum (Japan Cypripedium; China, Korea, Japan).
- Cypripedium kentuckiense (Kentucky Lady's Slipper, Southern Lady's Slipper, Kentucky Cypripedium; C & E U. Cypripedium kentuckiense is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium. S. A).
- Cypripedium lentiginosum (China).
- Cypripedium lichiangense S. C. Chen & P. J. Cribb (China (SW Sichuan, NW Yunnan), NE Myanmar).
- Cypripedium lichiangense var. daweishanense S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu (now synonym of Cypripedium daweishanense (S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu) S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu 2005)
- Cypripedium ludlowii (SE Tibet).
- Cypripedium macranthum (Large-flowered Cypripedium; E Belarus to temperate E Asia).
- Cypripedium malipoense S. C. Chen & Z. J. Liu (Yunnan, China South-Central)
- Cypripedium margaritaceum (Pearl-white Cypripedium; China)
- Cypripedium micranthum (China).
- Cypripedium molle (Mexico).
- Cypripedium montanum (Large Lady's-slipper, Mountain Lady's-slipper, White Lady's-slipper, Moccasin flower; Alaska to California). Cypripedium montanum is a member of the Orchid genus Cypripedium.
- Cypripedium morinanthum (Manchuria).
- Cypripedium neoparviflorum (Manchuriia).
- Cypripedium palangshanense (China). (rediscovered in 1997 in China).
- Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. (Canada, E U. S. A).
- Cypripedium parviflorum var. parviflorum (Canada, E U. S. A. ; rhizome geophyte).
- Cypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Yellow Lady's-slipper; N. America; rhizome geophyte).
- Cypripedium passerinum (Franklyn's Lady's-slipper, Small White Northern Lady's-slipper, Sparrow's Egg Lady's-slipper; Alaska to Canada, Montana).
- Cypripedium plectrochilum (N Myanmar to SC China).
- Cypripedium pubescens (Greater yellow lady's slipper)
- Cypripedium reginae Walter : Large White Lady's-slipper, Queen's Lady's-slipper, Showy Lady's-slipper; C & E Canada, NC & E. Cypripedium pubescens ( American valerian, Greater yellow lady's slipper, Large yellow lady's slipper, Moccasin Flower, Nerveroot The showy lady slipper ( Cypripedium reginae) also known as the pink-and-white lady slipper or the queen's lady slipper, is a rare Orchid U. S. A).
- Cypripedium roseum (Manchuria).
- Cypripedium rubronerve (China).
- Cypripedium segawai (EC Taiwan).
- Cypripedium shanxiense (China to N Japan).
- Cypripedium sichuanense (China).
- Cypripedium sinapoides (Manchuria).
- Cypripedium subtropicum (SE. Tibet).
- Cypripedium taibaiense (China).
- Cypripedium tibeticum (Sikkim to C China).
- Cypripedium × ventricosum (Russia to Korea).
- Cypripedium wardii (SE. Tibet, China).
- Cypripedium × wenqingiae (C. farreri × C. tibeticum; China).
- Cypripedium wumengense (China).
- Cypripedium yatabeanum (Russian Far East to N & NC Japan, Aleutian Islands to SW Alaska).
- Cypripedium yunnanense (SE Tibet, China)
References
- Phillip Cribb & Peter Green (1997). The Genus Cypripedium (a botanical monograph). Kew Royal Botanic Gardens, Timber Press ISBN 0-88192-403-2
- Pridgeon, A. M. ; Cribb, P. J. ; Chase, M. W. & F. N. Rasmussen (1999): Genera Orchidacearum Vol. 1, Oxford U. Press. ISBN 0-19-850513-2
External links
- Cypripedium - Infos by Mr. Frosch
- Cypripedium on orchids wiki
- Photos of Chinese Slipper Orchids
- Cypripedium japonicum Cypripedium macranthum var. hotei-atsumorianumImages of Japanese Cypripedium
- Cypripedium culture and care sheet on the terrorchid wiki
- Cypripedium picture database
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