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Cypriniformes
Fossil range: Paleocene - Recent[1]
Rhodeus sericeus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Superorder: Ostariophysi
Order: Cypriniformes
Families

The Cypriniformes are an order of ray-finned fish, including the minnows and some related families. The Paleocene or Palaeocene, "early dawn of the recent" is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65 Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. Ostariophysi is the second-largest Superorder of Fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysans. In Biological classification, family ( Latin The hillstream loaches or river loaches are a family Balitoridae of small Eurasian Fish. Catostomidae is the sucker family of the order Cypriniformes. The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek κυπρῖνος ( kuprīnos "carp" consists of the Carps Gyrinocheilus is the single genus in the family Gyrinocheilidae, a family of small Southeast Asian cypriniform Fishes that live This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. [2] Historically these included all the forms now placed in the superorder Ostariophysi except the catfish, which were placed in the order Siluriformes. Ostariophysi is the second-largest Superorder of Fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysans. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. Defined thus, the Cypriniformes were paraphyletic, and recently the orders Gonorhynchiformes, Characiformes (characins and allies), and Gymnotiformes (knifefishes and electric eels) have been separated out to form their own monophyletic orders. In Phylogenetics, a group of organisms is said to be paraphyletic if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all Gonorynchiformes is an order of ray-finned fish that includes the important food source the Milkfish ( Chanos chanos, family Chanidae The Characiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies The Characidae, characids or characins are a family of freshwater Subtropical and Tropical fish belonging to the The Gymnotiformes is a lineage of Ostariophysan Teleost Electric fishes Common names found in the literature include the Neotropical electric The electric eel, Electrophorus electricus, is a species of Fish. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor [3]

Aside from the features they share with the rest of the Ostariophysi, of which the Weberian apparatus is the most notable, the Cypriniformes are distinguished by having a single dorsal fin (most of the others have a second, fleshy adipose fin), the kinethmoid, and by having teeth in the throat rather than the mouth, called pharyngeal teeth. The Weberian apparatus is made up of a set of bones known as Weberian ossicles, a chain of small bones that connect the auditory system to the Gas bladder of Other groups of fish, such as cichlids, also possess pharyngeal teeth, however, the cypriniformes' pharyngeal teeth oppose a chewing pad located on the base of the skull instead of an upper pharyngeal jaw. [2]

Contents

Diversity and distribution

This order contains six families, 321 genera, and about 3,268 species. They are most diverse in southeastern Asia, but are entirely absent from Australia and South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a [2]

Constituent families

The families of Cypriniformes are divided into two superfamilies. Superfamily Cyprinioidea contains Cyprinidae and Psilorhynchidae, and superfamily Cobitioidea contains Balitoridae, Catostomidae, Cobitidae, and Gyrinocheilidae. The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek κυπρῖνος ( kuprīnos "carp" consists of the Carps The hillstream loaches or river loaches are a family Balitoridae of small Eurasian Fish. Catostomidae is the sucker family of the order Cypriniformes. Gyrinocheilus is the single genus in the family Gyrinocheilidae, a family of small Southeast Asian cypriniform Fishes that live Superfamily Cyprinioidea is more primitive than the latter. [2]

The most notable family placed here is the Cyprinidae, the carps and minnows. Carp is a common name for various Freshwater Fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large This is one of the largest families of fish, and is widely distributed across Africa, Eurasia, and North America. For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. Most species are strictly freshwater inhabitants, but a considerable number are found in brackish water, such as roach and bream. At least one species is found in the sea, the Pacific Redfin, Tribolodon brandtii. [4] The brackish water and marine cyprinids are invariably anadromous, swimming upstream into rivers to spawn. Many types of fish undertake migrations on a regular basis on time scales ranging from daily to annual and with distances ranging from a few meters to thousands of kilometers

The other families in the Cypriniformes are the Balitoridae, Catostomidae, Cobitidae, Gyrinocheilidae, and the Psilorhynchidae. [5]

The Balitoridae[6] and Psilorhynchidae[7] are small families of mountain stream fishes the feed on algae and small invertebrates. The are found only in tropical and subtropical Asia. The Catostomidae are known as suckers and found in temperate North America and eastern Asia. [8] These large fishes are similar to carps in appearance and ecology. The Cobitidae are the loaches that are common across Eurasia and parts of North Africa. They are rather similar to catfish in morphology and behaviour, feeding primarily off the substrate and equipped with barbels to help them locate food at night or in murky conditions. Catfish ( order Siluriformes) are a very diverse group of bony Fish. The Gyrinocheilidae is another small family of mountain stream fishes and is confined to Southeast Asia. [9]

Evolution

Cypriniformes is the most primitive of the otophysans. Ostariophysi is the second-largest Superorder of Fish. Members of this superorder are called ostariophysans. This is evidenced not only by physiological evidence, but their great distribution, which indicates they had the longest time to spread. [1][2] The earliest that Cypriniformes might have diverged from Characiformes is thought to be about 250 million years ago. The Characiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies [10] However, their divergence probably occurred much later, between 115 and 160 million years ago. [1]

Cypriniformes is thought to have originated in south-east Asia, where the most diversity of this group is found. The alternative hypothesis is that they began in South America, similar to the other otophysans. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a If this were the case, they would have spread to Asia through Africa; as characiforms began to evolve, they may have outcompeted South American basal cypriniforms, while more advanced African cypriniforms managed to survive and coexist with characiforms. The Characiformes are an order of ray-finned fish, comprising the characins and their allies [1]

The earliest fossils, from family Catostomidae, are known from the Paleocene of Alberta. The Paleocene or Palaeocene, "early dawn of the recent" is a geologic epoch that lasted from 65 Alberta (ælˈbɝtə is one of Canada's prairie provinces. It became a province on September 1 1905 During the Eocene, catostomids and cyprinids spread throughout Asia. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in After the Eocene, the cyprinids began to outcompete the catostomids, causing their decline. [1] Cyprinids probably began their radiation in Asia prior to the Eocene, reached Africa in the early Miocene, and North America and Europe by the mid-Oligocene. The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23 The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33 The cypriniforms would have spread to North America through the Bering land bridge. The Bering land bridge was a Land bridge roughly 1000 miles (1600 km north to south at its greatest extent which joined present-day Alaska and eastern Siberia [1]

Commercial importance

The Cyprinidae in particular are important in a variety of ways. Many species are important food fish, particularly in Europe and Asia. Some are also important as aquarium fish, of which the goldfish and koi are perhaps the most celebrated. The goldfish, Carassius auratus, was one of the earliest Fish to be domesticated, and is still one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish and (kɔɪ or more specifically (niɕikigoi literally " brocaded carp" are ornamental domesticated varieties of the Common carp Cyprinus carpio. Accidentally or deliberately introduced populations of carp[11] and grass carp[12] are found on all continents except Antarctica. The Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella) is a Herbivorous, Freshwater Fish. In some cases, these exotic species have a negative impact on the environment, carp in particular stir up the riverbed reducing the clarity of the water making it difficult for plants to grow. Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions [13]

The other families are of less commercial importance. The Catostomidae have some importance in angling, and a few species of Cobitidae and Gyrinocheilidae are traded as aquarium fish. Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) An aquarium (plural aquariums or aquaria) is a Vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which Water -dwelling Plants

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Briggs, John C. (2005). "The biogeography of otophysan fishes (Ostariophysi: Otophysi): a new appraisal" (PDF). Journal of Biogeography 32: 287–294. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01170.x. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  
  2. ^ a b c d e Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. Fishes of the World by Joseph S Nelson is a standard reference for Fish Systematics. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. .  
  3. ^ Helfman G. , Collette B. , & Facey D. : The Diversity of Fishes, Blackwell Publishing, pp 228-229, 1997, ISBN 0-86542-256-7
  4. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Species summary for Tribolodon brandtii (Pacific redfin). FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  5. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Order Cypriniformes. FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  6. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Family Balitoridae. FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  7. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Family Psilorhynchidae. FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  8. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Family Catostomidae. FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  9. ^ Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. . Family Gyrinocheilidae. FishBase. Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  10. ^ Saitoh, Kenji; Miya, Masaki; Inoue, Jun G. ; Ishiguro, Naoya B. ; Nishida, Mutsumi (2003). "Mitochondrial Genomics of Ostariophysan Fishes: Perspectives on Phylogeny and Biogeography" (PDF). Journal of Molecular Evolution 56: 464–472.  
  11. ^ Florida's Exotic Freshwater Fishes. State of Florida (2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  12. ^ Florida's Exotic Freshwater Fishes. State of Florida (2006). Retrieved on 2007-03-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a
  13. ^ University of Southern Mississippi/College of Marine Sciences/Gulf Coast Research Laboratory (2005-08-03). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Fact Sheet for Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus, 1758). Gulf States Marine Fisheries Commission. Retrieved on 2007-05-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João

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