The Cypress Hills massacre occurred on June 1, 1873 in the Cypress Hills region of Battle Creek, Saskatchewan, involving a group of American wolf hunters or 'wolfers', American and Canadian whiskey traders, Métis cargo haulers or 'freighters', and a camp of Nakoda (or Assiniboine) people. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Battle Creek is a Stream that begins in southeastern Alberta along the border with Saskatchewan, in the Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park. Saskatchewan (səˈskætʃəwən) is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of 588276 The Métis are descendants of marriages of Cree, Ojibway Algonquin, Saulteaux, and Menominee aboriginals to Europeans, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nakoda (Hindi नाकोडा तीर्थ is a village in the Barmer District of Indian state The Assiniboine, also known by the Ojibwe name Asiniibwaan "Stone Sioux" and the Cree as Asinîpwât are a Siouan

A large number of horses had been stolen from the wolfers just across the Montana border. Montana ( is a state in the Western United States. One-third of the state in the western part contains numerous mountain ranges (approximately 77 named of the northern Angry over their loss, the wolfers attempted to track the horse thieves into Canada, but soon lost their trail. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Instead, the wolfers arrived in the Battle Creek valley where the trading posts operated by Abel Farwell and Moses Solomon were located, opposite a camp of some 200 to 300 Nakoda people. Tensions were already somewhat elevated, alcohol had been flowing freely on all sides, and a misunderstanding over a missing horse led to a mixed group of wolfers, whiskey traders, and Metis freighters opening fire on the Nakoda camp, resulting in 23 confirmed Nakoda deaths and the death of one wolfer, Ed LeGrace. Both trading posts were subsequently abandoned and burned. ^[1]

This incident outraged Canadians, who wanted Americans to respect their sovereignty; western Canada was threatened, and Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald was convinced to pass a bill to create the North West Mounted Police. Sovereignty is the exclusive Right to control a Government, a country, a people or oneself Western Canada, commonly referred to as the West, is a region of Canada normally including all parts of Canada west of the province The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Sir John Alexander Macdonald GCB, KCMG, PC ( January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister An Act of Parliament is a Law enacted as Primary legislation by a national or sub-national Parliament. Fort Walsh, Saskatchewan, served as the NWMP headquarters from 1878 until 1883, named after its NWMP (later RCMP) superintendent, James Morrow Walsh. Fort Walsh National Historic Site of Canada is a part of the Cypress Hills Interprovincial Park Headquarters (HQ denotes the location where most if not all of the important functions of an organization are concentrated James Morrow Walsh, ( 22 May 1840 &ndash 25 July 1905) was a North West Mounted Police (NWMP officer and the first Commissioner All of the "wolfers" were arrested and tried, but none were ever convicted.

Part of the site of the Cypress Hills massacre has been preserved at Fort Walsh National Historic Site, along with reconstructions of Farwell's and Solomon's trading posts.

Cypress Hills massacre in fiction

A fictionlized account of the events of the Cypress Hills massacre is told in the novel The Englishman's Boy by Canadian author Guy Vanderhaeghe. The Englishman's Boy is a novel by Guy Vanderhaeghe, published in 1996 by McClelland and Stewart. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Guy Clarence Vanderhaeghe, OC, SOM, (born April 5, 1951) is a Canadian Fiction author The story focuses in part on the character of the "Englishman's boy", one of the members of the party of wolfers. Much of the novel also takes place in Hollywood of the 1920s, where a movie producer attempts to tell the story of a cowboy named Shorty McAdoo. While little is known of those involved in the actual event, the novel attributes the cause of the massacre to one Tom Hardwick, the "lead" wolfer. The character of Ed LeGrace appears in the novel, though he is simply called Ed Grace. The book was made into a miniseries that first appeared on CBC Television in March 2008.

The movie The Canadians was another fictionalized version. In it the wolfers were depicted as meeting members of the Northwest Mounted Police, which were actually formed after the incident and in part because of it.

See also

• List of conflicts in Canada

References

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