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Cyperus
Dwarf Umbrella-sedge, Cyperus albostriatus
Dwarf Umbrella-sedge, Cyperus albostriatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
(unranked) Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Cyperus
L.
Species

About 600, see text
Synonyms

Pycreus

Cyperus is a large genus of about 600 species of sedges, distributed throughout all continents in both tropical and temperate regions. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Liliopsida is a Botanical name for the class containing the family Liliaceae (or Lily Family In Plant taxonomy, the name commelinids (plural not capitalised is used by the APG II system for a Clade within the Monocots, which in its Poales is an order of Flowering plants in the Monocotyledons and includes families of plants such as the grasses, Bromeliads, The family Cyperaceae, or the sedges, is a taxon of monocot Flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. In Scientific nomenclature, synonyms are different Scientific names used for a single Taxon. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The family Cyperaceae, or the sedges, is a taxon of monocot Flowering plants that superficially resemble grasses or rushes They are annual or perennial plants, mostly aquatic and growing in still or slow-moving water up to 0. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than An aquatic ecosystem is an Ecosystem located in water bodies. 5 m deep. The species vary greatly in size, with small species only 5 cm tall, while others can reach 5 m in height. Common names include papyrus sedges, flatsedges, nutsedges, umbrella-sedges and "galingales"

The stems are circular in cross-section in some, triangular in others, usually leafless for most of their length, with the slender grass-like leaves at the base of the plant, and in a whorl at the apex of the flowering stems. Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. The flowers are greenish, and wind pollinated; they are produced in clusters among the apical leaves. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also See also Pollination syndrome Anemophily or wind pollination is a form of Pollination whereby Pollen is distributed by Wind The seed is a small nutlet. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored

Contents

Ecology

Cyperus species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including Batrachedra cuniculata. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The seeds and tubers are an important food for many small birds and mammals. Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands

Cyperus microcristatus and C. multifolius are possibly extinct; the former was only found once, in 1995, and the latter has not been seen in the last 200 years. In Biology and Ecology, extinction is the cessation of existence of a Species or group of taxa. The "true" papyrus sedge of Ancient Egypt, C. Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now papyrus ssp. hadidii, is also very rare today due to draining of its wetland habitat; feared extinct in the mid-20th century, it is still found at a few sites in the Wadi El Natrun region and northern Sudan. Wadi El Natrun (" Natron Valley" is located in Beheira Governorate, Egypt. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa.

Some tuber-bearing species on the other hand, most significantly the Purple Nutsedge (C. Cyperus rotundus ( coco-grass, purple nut sedge, red nut sedge) is a species of sedge (Cyperaceae native to Africa rotundus), are considered invasive weeds. Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions

Use by humans

Papyrus Sedge (C. Papyrus sedge or paper reed ( Cyperus papyrus) is a Monocot belonging to the sedge family Cyperaceae. papyrus) of Africa was of major historical importance in providing papyrus. Papyrus (/pəˈpaɪrəs/ (Rhymes -aɪrəs)is a thick paper-like material produced from the Pith of the papyrus plant Cyperus papyrus C. giganteus, locally known as cañita, is used by the Yokot'an Maya of Tabasco, Mexico, for weaving petates (sleeping mats) and sombreros. Cyperus giganteus (also known as piripiri) is a plant in the genus Cyperus. The Chontal Maya are an indigenous people of the Mexican state of Tabasco. The Maya peoples constitute a diverse range of the Native American peoples of southern Mexico and northern Central America. Tabasco is a state in Mexico. It is bordered by the states of Veracruz to the west Chiapas to the south and Campeche to the The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. In English -speaking countries sombrero typically refers to a type of hat originating in Mexico. C. textilis and C. pangorei are traditionally used to produce the typical mats of Palakkad in India, and the famous makaloa mats of Niihau were made from C. For the district with the same name see Palakkad District. Palakkad, also known as Palghat (anglicized is a town and a Municipality India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Niihau ( Hawaiian: Ni‘ihau) is the smallest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U laevigatus.

The Chufa Flatsedge (C. Cyperus esculentus ( Chufa Sedge, Yellow Nutsedge, Tigernut Sedge, Earthalmond) is a species of sedge native to warm esculentus) has edible tubers and is grown commercially for these; they are eaten as vegetables, made into sweets, or used to produce the famous horchata of the Valencia region. Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store Nutrients They are used by Plants to overwinter and regrow the next year Horchata or orxata is the name for several kinds of vegetable beverages made of ground Almonds Sesame seeds, Rice, Barley or Several other species - e. g. Australian Bush Onion (C. (Australian Bush Onion (locally called " Wild onion ") is an Australian native plant bulbosus) - are eaten to a smaller extent. The Northern Paiutes were considered to be so fond of Cyperus tubers that their native name was tövusi-dökadö ("nutsedge tuber eaters").

Most species are of little economic value. Some are grown as ornamental or pot plants, namely the Umbrella Papyrus (C. Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower Garden or as House plants Most commonly they are grown for the display of their Flowers Other common Cyperus alternifolius ( umbrella papyrus or umbrella palm) is a grass-like plant in the very large genus Cyperus of the sedge alternifolius ), the Dwarf Umbrella-sedge (C. albostriatus, formerly called C. diffusus), and related species. There is increasing interest in the larger, fast-growing species as crops for paper and biofuel production. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging

Some Cyperus are used in folk medicine. The term traditional medicine ( Indigenous medicine or folk medicine) describes medical knowledge systems which developed over centuries within various societies Roots of Near East species were a component of kyphi, a medical incense of Ancient Egypt. B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century Kyphi is a compound Incense that was used in ancient Egypt for religious and medical purposes Incense is composed of Aromatic biotic materials It releases fragrant Smoke when burned Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Purple Nutsedge (C. Cyperus rotundus ( coco-grass, purple nut sedge, red nut sedge) is a species of sedge (Cyperaceae native to Africa rotundus) tubers are used in Kampō. Kampō (or Kanpō 漢方 medicine is the Japanese study and adaptation of Traditional Chinese medicine. An unspecified Cyperus is mentioned as an abortifacient in the 11th-century poem De viribus herbarum[1]. An abortifacient is a substance that induces Abortion. Abortifacients for Animals that have mated undesirably are known as Mismating shots

Selected species

Umbrella Papyrus (Cyperus alternifolius)
Umbrella Papyrus (Cyperus alternifolius)
Cyperus capitatus
Cyperus capitatus
Variable Flatsedge, Cyperus difformis
Variable Flatsedge, Cyperus difformis
Cyperus hillebrandii ssp. decipiens
Cyperus hillebrandii ssp. Cyperus alternifolius ( umbrella papyrus or umbrella palm) is a grass-like plant in the very large genus Cyperus of the sedge Cyperus difformis is a species of sedge known by several common names including variable flatsedge and smallflower umbrella-sedge. decipiens
Cyperus javanicus
Cyperus javanicus
Cyperus laevigatus
Cyperus laevigatus
Cyperus luzulae from Brazilian Atlantic Coast restingas
Cyperus luzulae from Brazilian Atlantic Coast restingas
Cyperus phleoides
Cyperus phleoides

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ Riddle (1992)

References

Dictionary

cyperus

-noun

  1. Any sedge of genus Cyperus.

Cyperus

-proper noun

  1. (taxonomy) A large genus of order Cyperaceae (sedges), comprising about 600 species on all continents.
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