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Trishaws from Parit Jawa, Muar, Johor, at the Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur
Trishaws from Parit Jawa, Muar, Johor, at the Muzium Negara, Kuala Lumpur
A cycle rickshaw driver in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
A cycle rickshaw driver in Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Cycle rickshaw in Beijing
Cycle rickshaw in Beijing
A Velotaxi rickshaw in Hamburg, Germany.
A Velotaxi rickshaw in Hamburg, Germany. The National Museum (in Malay Muzium Negara) is the Malaysian national museum which is located outside Perdana Lake Gardens in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phnom Penh ( Khmer: ភ្នំពេញ official Romanization Phnum Pénh; pʰnum pɯɲ is the Capital Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany

The cycle rickshaw, being a small-scale local means of transport, is also known by a variety of other names such as rickshaw, pedicab, bugbug, cyclo, or trishaw. Cycle rickshaws are human-powered, often used on a for hire basis, equipped with one or more seats for carrying passengers in addition to the driver. Human-powered transport is the Transport of person(s and/or goods using Human Muscle power See also Taxicab A vehicle for hire is a Vehicle providing Shared transportation which transports one or more passengers between locations This article is about passengers in commercial transportation for other uses see Passenger (disambiguation A passenger is a term broadly used Cycle rickshaws are widely used in major cities around the world and are usually found in major urban centers, tourist attractions, and events that draw large crowds. Many cycle rickshaws have replaced less-efficient rickshaws that are pulled by a person on foot. Rickshaws (or rickshas) are a mode of Human-powered transport: a runner draws a two-wheeled Cart which seats one or two persons

Contents

Configurations

The vehicle is powered by a driver as one would a bicycle, though some increasingly popular configurations are equipped with an electric motor to assist the driver. An electric motor uses Electrical energy to produce Mechanical energy. The vehicle is usually a tricycle, though some quadricycle models exist, and some bicycles with trailers are configured as rickshaws. A tricycle (often abbreviated to trike) is a three-wheeled vehicle A Quadricycle is a four-wheeled human-powered vehicle. It is also referred to as a quadracycle, quadcycle, quadrocycle or as a four-wheel The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind A bicycle trailer is a motorless wheeled frame with a hitch system designed for transporting Cargo by Bicycle. The configuration of driver and passenger seats vary by design, though passenger seats are usually located above the span of the longest axle. For example, in most of South Asia, the passenger seat is located behind the driver on a "delta" tricycle, while in Indonesia and Vietnam the driver sits behind the passenger seat on a "tadpole" tricycle. A tricycle (often abbreviated to trike) is a three-wheeled vehicle The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially A tricycle (often abbreviated to trike) is a three-wheeled vehicle In the Philippines, the passenger seats are usually located beside the driver. The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP

Nomenclature

Cycle rickshaws are known as cyclo (pronounced see-clo) in Cambodia and Vietnam, cycle rickshaw in India and Bangladesh, trishaw (traditional Chinese: 三輪車; simplified Chinese: 三轮车; pinyin: sān lún chē) from "tricycle rickshaw", in Malaysia and Singapore, becak in Indonesia and bicitaxi or taxi ecologico (literally "ecological taxi") in Mexico. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Singapore The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. In the Philippines, they are called tricycle/traysikel, traysikad, pedicab, or padyak. Cycle rickshaws are known as saika in Myanmar, a transliteration of English "side car". Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. In the United Kingdom and United States cycle rickshaws are more widely pedicabs. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Buffalo, New York, this type of vehicle is known as a bike taxi.

A global concept

Cycle rickshaws are used in most large European cities, such as London, Barcelona, Budapest, Berlin, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Milan and Rome. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Budapest ( also /ˈbʊ-/) is the capital city of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary it serves as the country's principal Political, Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 London boasts one of the largest numbers of pedicabs, that are mostly based in Soho, Covent Garden and near tourist attractions. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. This article is about an area of Manhattan, New York City. For the area in London UK see Soho. Covent Garden (Pronunciation kɒvʌnt is a district in London, England, located on the easternmost parts of the City of Westminster and the southwest In North America, San Diego and New York City each host hundreds of pedicabs; dozens of other North American cities also have pedicab services. The City of New York There are several American and European manufacturers of cycle rickshaws, which often incorporate features not found in developing world vehicles, such as hydraulic disc brakes, and lightweight fibreglass bodies, multispeed gears. Developing countries are countries that haven't reached Western-style standards of democratic government free market economy industrialization social programs and human rights guaranties For the mechanical technology see Hydraulic machinery and Hydraulic cylinder Hydraulics is a topic of science and Engineering The disc brake or disk brake is a device for slowing or stopping the rotation of a Wheel. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. This is the page for mechanical Gears For other uses see Gear (disambiguation For the gear-like device used to drive a roller chain see Sprocket

Moscow
Moscow

In American cities, such as New York, human powered transport has caught on as an environmentally friendly means of transit. According to Peter Meitzler of New York's Manhattan Rickshaw Company, a passenger has an entirely different urban experience when one rides in a rickshaw. He says that he uses the word "rickshaw" in his company name because it is internationally known. [1]

Economic and political aspects

Rickshaws in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Rickshaws in Dhaka, Bangladesh

In many Asian cities where they are widely used, rickshaw driving provides essential employment for recent immigrants from rural areas, generally impoverished men. Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term One study in Bangladesh showed that rickshaw driving was connected with some increases in income for poor agricultural laborers who moved to urban areas, but that the extreme physical demands of the job meant that these benefits decreased for long-term drivers. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially [2] In Jakarta, most rickshaw drivers in the 1980s were former landless agricultural laborers from rural areas of Java. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. [3]

In 2003, Dhaka rickshaw drivers earned an estimated average of Tk 143 (US$2. The taka ( Bengali: টাকা ṭaka) is the Currency of Bangladesh. 38) per day, of which they paid about Tk 50 (US$0. 80) to rent the rickshaw for a day. Older, long-term drivers earned substantially less. [2] A 1988-89 survey found that Jakarta drivers earned a daily average of Rp. 2722 (US$ 1. The rupiah ( sign: Rp; code: IDR) is the official Currency of Indonesia. 57). [3] These wages, while widely considered very low for such physically demanding work, do in some situations compare favorably to other jobs available to unskilled workers. [4]

Taiwanese Prohibitory Sign P9: No Pedicabs
Taiwanese Prohibitory Sign P9: No Pedicabs

In many cities, most drivers do not own their own rickshaws; instead, they rent them from their owners, some of whom own many rickshaws. Driver-ownership rates vary widely. In Delhi, a 1980 study found only one percent of drivers owned their vehicles, but ownership rates in several other Indian cities were much higher, including fifteen percent in Hyderabad and twenty-two percent in Faridabad. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Faridabad, (फरीदाबाद is a city and a Municipal corporation in Faridabad district in the state of Haryana, India. A 1977 study in Chiang Mai, Thailand found that 44% of rickshaw drivers were owners. Chiang Mai (in Thai; locally (Kham Muang Jiang Mai also sometimes written as "Chiengmai" is the largest and most culturally significant In Bangladesh, driver-ownership is usually highest in rural areas and lowest in the larger cities. Most rickshaws in that country are owned by individuals who have only one or two of them, but some owners in the largest cities own several hundred. [4]

Some countries and cities have banned or restricted cycle rickshaws. They are often prohibited in congested areas of major cities. For example, they were banned in Bangkok in the mid 1960s as not fitting the modern image of the city being promoted by the government[5]. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest In Dhaka and Jakarta, they are no longer permitted on major roads, but are still used to provide transportation within individual urban neighborhoods[6]. They are banned entirely in Pakistan[7]. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and While they have been criticized for causing congestion, rickshaws are also often hailed as environmentally-friendly, inexpensive modes of transportation.

In Taiwan, the Road Traffic Security Rules (zh:道路交通安全規則) require pedicabs to be registered by their owners with the police before they can be legally driven on public roads, or risk an administrative fine of 300 new Taiwan dollars (TWD). The New Taiwan dollar ( ( Currency code TWD and common abbreviation NT$) or simply Taiwan dollar, is the official Currency of the Their drivers must carry the police registration documents or risk a fine of 180 TWD, but no driver license is required. The administrative fines are based on Articles 69 and 71 of the Act Governing the Punishment of Violation of Road traffic Regulations (zh:道路交通管理處罰條例). As Taiwanese road traffic is now heavily motorized, most pedicabs have been replaced by taxicabs, but they can still be found at limited places, such as Cijin District of Kaohsiung City. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride

Places where cycle rickshaws are regulated

Places where cycle rickshaws are prohibited

Arts

Trishaws are used to ferry tourists around the city for sightseeing in Singapore.
Trishaws are used to ferry tourists around the city for sightseeing in Singapore. The Las Vegas metropolitan area includes the Las Vegas Valley a 600-square-mile (1600 km² basin and surrounding areas that is part of Clark County in southern Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. The Las Vegas Strip (also known as The Strip) is an approximately 4 mile (6 Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Singapore

As a key part of the urban landscape in many cities, rickshaws have been both the subject of films and other artwork, as well as being extensively decorated themselves. The rickshaws in Dhaka is especially well-known as a major venue for Bengali folk art; there, plasticine cutouts and handpainted figures adorn many rickshaws. [8]

Films featuring rickshaws and their drivers include Sammo Hung's 1989 martial arts film Pedicab Driver, which dealt with a group of pedicab drivers and their problems with romance and organized crime. Sammo Hung is a Chinese Actor, producer and director from Hong Kong, known for his work in many kung fu films For other uses see Martial arts (disambiguation Martial arts film is a Film genre that originated in the Pacific Rim. Pedicab Driver ( is a 1989 Hong Kong Martial arts film directed by and starring Sammo Hung, who portrays the leader of a crew Cyclo, a 1995 film by Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung, is centered on a cycle rickshaw driver. Cyclo ( Xích Lô) is a 1995 Film by Vietnamese director Tran Anh Hung (who had made The Scent Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Trần Anh Hùng (born December 23, 1962) is a French Film director of Vietnamese ancestry Tollywood films with rickshaw themes include Orey Rickshaw ("Orey" literally means "Hey", in a derogatory tone), which tells a story sympathising with the downtrodden, and Rickshavodu ("Rickshaw Guy").

Men of burden - Pedaling towards a Horizon (2006) is documentary film on Cycle rickshaw men in Pondicherry, India. Men of Burden Pedaling towards a Horizon is a Documentary film set in the city of Pondicherry, a Union Territory in South East India, the documentary Puducherry (formerly; புதுச்சேரி or பாண்டிச்சேரி పాండిచెర్రి പുതുശ്ശേരി Pondichéry is a India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

See also

A becak and its driver wait for a fare in Bandung, Indonesia
A becak and its driver wait for a fare in Bandung, Indonesia

References

  1. ^ "Rickshaws Reinvented - The ancient transportation takes a modern turn", Dina Modianot-Fox, Smithsonian Magazine, March 2007
  2. ^ a b Begum, Sharifa and Binayak Sen (2005). Bandung (bʌndʊŋ is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city The bicycle, cycle, or bike is a pedal-driven, human-powered vehicle with two wheels attached to a frame, one behind A bicycle trailer is a motorless wheeled frame with a hitch system designed for transporting Cargo by Bicycle. Boda-boda (or bodaboda - originally a Bicycle taxi in East Africa (from English border-border) Freight bicycles, carrier cycles, freight Tricycles or cargo bikes' are Human powered vehicles designed and constructed specifically Human-powered transport is the Transport of person(s and/or goods using Human Muscle power A Quadricycle is a four-wheeled human-powered vehicle. It is also referred to as a quadracycle, quadcycle, quadrocycle or as a four-wheel The tandem bicycle or twin is a form of Bicycle (occasionally a Tricycle) designed to be ridden by more than one person Trailer bike (also known as trailer cycle, Trailerbike, Trail-a-bike, Half wheeler, and other trademarked names is a one-wheeled Bicycle A tricycle (often abbreviated to trike) is a three-wheeled vehicle Utility cycling encompasses any Cycling not done primarily for fitness, Recreation such as cycle touring, or Sport such as cycle A workbike is a Bicycle built for some purpose other than strictly human transportation Pulling rickshaws in the city of Dhaka: a way out of poverty? Environment and Urbanization 17(2):11-25. Dhaka (also known as Dacca ( Bangla: ঢাকা ɖʱaka is the Capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District.
  3. ^ a b Azuma, Yoshifumi (2003). Urban peasants: beca drivers in Jakarta. Jakarta: Pustaka Sinar Harapan.
  4. ^ a b Gallagher, Rob (1992). The rickshaws of Bangladesh. Dhaka: The University Press Limited.
  5. ^ citation needed
  6. ^ citation needed
  7. ^ citation needed
  8. ^ Kirkpatrick, Joanna. (2003) Transports of Delight: The Ricksha Arts of Bangladesh. Indiana University Press. Multimedia CDROM.

External links

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