The term "cyberinfrastructure" describes the new research environments that support advanced data acquisition, data storage, data management, data integration, data mining, data visualization and other computing and information processing services over the Internet. Data acquisition is the sampling of the real world to generate data that can be manipulated by a computer Computing is usually defined like the activity of using and developing Computer technology Computer hardware and software. A service is the non-material equivalent of a good. A service provision is an economic activity that does not result in Ownership, and this is what differentiates The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks In scientific usage, cyberinfrastructure is a technological solution to the problem of efficiently connecting data, computers, and people with the goal of enabling derivation of novel scientific theories and knowledge.
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Coinage and Usage
The term was used by a United States National Science Foundation (NSF) blue-ribbon committee in 2003 in response to the question: how can NSF, as the nation's premier agency funding basic research, remove existing barriers to the rapid evolution of high performance computing, making it truly usable by all the nation's scientists, engineers, scholars, and citizens?
The NSF use of the term focuses on the integrated assemblage of these information technologies with one another. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The National Science Foundation (NSF is a United States Government agency that supports fundamental Research and Education in all the non-medical Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Computing is usually defined like the activity of using and developing Computer technology Computer hardware and software. A scientist, in the broadest sense refers to any person that engages in a systematic activity to acquire Knowledge or an individual that engages in such practices An engineer is a person professionally engaged in a field of Engineering.
Cyberinfrastructure is also called e-Science; in particular, the United Kingdom has a major e-Science initiative. The term e-Science (or eScience) is used to describe computationally intensive Science that is carried out in highly distributed network environments or The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
An alternative use of the term "cyberinfrastructure" evolved from the same thinking that produced Presidential Decision Directive NSC-63 on Protecting America's Critical Infrastructures (PDD-63). PDD-63 focuses on the security and vulnerability of the nation’s “cyber-based information systems” as well as the critical infrastructures on which our nation’s military strength and economic well-being depend, such as the electric power grid, transportation networks, potable water and wastewater infrastructures, etc. .
The term "cyberinfrastructure" appears to be first documented on the web in a press briefing on PDD-63 on May 22, 1998 with Richard Clarke, then National Coordinator for Security, Infrastructure Protection, and Counter-terrorism, and Jeffrey Hunker, who had just been named Director of the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office. Jeffrey Hunker is an adjunct professor at the Heinz School at Carnegie Mellon University holding the title "Distinguished Service Professor of Technology and Dr. Hunker, now Professor of Technology and Public Policy at Carnegie Mellon University’s Heinz School stated:
- "One of the key conclusions of the President's commission that laid the intellectual framework for the President's announcement today was that while we certainly have a history of some real attacks, some very serious, to our "cyber-infrastructure", the real threat lay in the future. Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United And we can't say whether that's tomorrow or years hence. But we've been very successful as a country and as an economy in wiring together our critical infrastructures. This is a development that's taken place really over the last 10 or 15 years -- the Internet, most obviously, but electric power, transportation systems, our banking and financial systems. "
Quotations
Cyberinfrastructure is the coordinated aggregate of software, hardware and other technologies, as well as human expertise, required to support current and future discoveries in science and engineering. Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of a Technology. The challenge of Cyberinfrastructure is to integrate relevant and often disparate resources to provide a useful, usable, and enabling framework for research and discovery characterized by broad access and “end-to-end” coordination.
Cyberinfrastructure consists of computing systems, data storage systems, advanced instruments and data repositories, visualization environments, and people, all linked together by software and high performance networks to improve research productivity and enable breakthroughs not otherwise possible.
Like the physical infrastructure of roads, bridges, power grids, telephone lines, and water systems that support modern society, "cyberinfrastructure" refers to the distributed computer, information and communication technologies combined with the personnel and integrating components that provide a long-term platform to empower the modern scientific research endeavor. A road is an identifiable route, way or path between two or more places. A bridge is a Structure built to span a Gorge, Valley, Road, railroad track, River, Body of water Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of Electricity to consumers is the bulk transfer of electrical power A telephone line or telephone circuit (or just line or circuit within the Industry) is a single-user circuit on a Telephone
See also
- General Information:
- Notable Examples of Cyberinfrastructure:
Related Web sites
- National Science Foundation
- NSF Cyberinfrastructure Vision for the 21st Century, March 2007
- NSF Office of Cyberinfrastructure
- CyberInfrastructure Partnership
- NSF's TeraGrid Project
- Engaging People in Cyberinfrastructure (EPIC)
- UK e-Science Programme
Natural Sciences domain
Social Sciences and Humanities domain
Cyberenvironments are technologies that provide an easy-to-use interface to local and shared instruments Sensor arrays, Data stores and Data sets computational Grid computing is a form of Distributed computing whereby a "super and virtual computer" is composed of a cluster of networked loosely-coupled The National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA) is one of five original centers in the National Science Foundation 's Supercomputer Centers Program and a National LambdaRail is a high-speed national Computer network infrastructure in the United States that runs over fiber-optic lines and is the first transcontinental Internet2 or UCAID ( University Corporation for Advanced Internet Development) is a Non-profit Consortium which develops and deploys System X is a Supercomputer assembled by Virginia Tech in the summer of 2003, that was originally composed of 1100 Apple Power Mac G5Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic