| Cyanogen | |
|---|---|
 |
|
 |
|
| IUPAC name | Ethanedinitrile |
| Other names | Cyanogen Carbon nitride Dicyan Dicyanogen Nitriloacetonitrile Oxalic acid dinitrile Oxalonitrile Oxalyl cyanide |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [460-19-5] |
| SMILES | N#CC#N |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C2N2 |
| Molar mass | 52. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 04 g mol−1 |
| Density | 0. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 95 g cm−3 at −21 °C |
| Melting point |
−28 °C |
| Boiling point |
−21 °C |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 |
 4
4
2
|
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Cyanogen is the chemical compound with the formula (CN)2. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 It is a colorless, toxic gas with a pungent odor. Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter Pungency (also called piquancy) is a sharp and biting sensory impression The molecule is a pseudohalogen. Pseudohalogens are binary Inorganic compounds of the general form XY where X is a Cyanide, Cyanate, Thiocyanate etc Cyanogen molecules consist of two CN groups (analogous to diatomic halogen molecules, such as Cl2 but is far less oxidizing). Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and The two cyano groups are bonded together at their carbon atoms: N≡C−C≡N, although other isomers have been detected. A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Certain derivatives of cyanogen are also called “cyanogen” even though they contain only one CN group. For example Cyanogen bromide is the compound with the structure NCBr. Cyanogen bromide is a Pseudohalogen Compound with the formula CNBr [1]
Cyanogen is the anhydride of oxamide:
- H2NC(O)C(O)NH2 → NCCN + 2 H2O
Contents |
Preparation
Cyanogen is typically generated from cyanide compounds. In Chemistry, an anhydride is a compound that can be considered as derived from another compound by subtracting the molecules of water. Oxamide is a white Crystalline Solid, which is soluble in Ethanol, slightly soluble in Water and insoluble in Diethyl ether. One laboratory method entails thermal decomposition of mercuric cyanide:
- 2 Hg(CN)2 → (CN)2 + 2 HgCN
Alternatively, one can combine solutions of copper(II) salts (such as copper(II) sulfate) with cyanides, an unstable copper(II) cyanide is formed which rapidly decomposes into copper(I) cyanide and cyanogen. Mercury(II cyanide, also known as mercuric cyanide is a salt of mercury. Copper(II sulfate is the Chemical compound with the formula Cu[[Sulfur S]] O 4 Copper(I cyanide (CuCN, also copper cyanide, cuprous cyanide, or cupricin is a white to cream colored or sometimes greenish powdery solid that is [2]
- 2 CuSO4 + 4 KCN → (CN)2 + 2 CuCN + 2 K2SO4
Industrially, it is made by the oxidation of hydrogen cyanide, usually using chlorine over an activated silicon dioxide catalyst or nitrogen dioxide over a copper salt. Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN Chlorine (ˈklɔriːn from the Greek word 'χλωρóς' ( khlôros, meaning 'pale green' is the Chemical element with Atomic number 17 and The Chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin " Silex " is an Oxide Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst Nitrogen dioxide is the Chemical compound with the formula N[[Oxygen O]]2 Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 It is also formed when nitrogen (N2) and acetylene (C2H2) are made to react by an electrical spark or discharge. Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Acetylene ( IUPAC name ethyne), C2H2 is a Hydrocarbon belonging to the group of Alkynes It is the simplest of all alkynes Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 [3]
History
Cyanogen has a long history and was probably first generated by Carl Scheele around 1782 in the course of his studies of hydrogen cyanide. Carl Wilhelm Scheele (9 December 1742 &ndash 21 May 1786 was a German - Swedish pharmaceutical chemist born in Stralsund, Western Pomerania, Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN [4] [5]The first confirmed synthesis was reported 1802, when it was used to make what we now know as cyanogen chloride. Cyanogen chloride is a Chemical compound with the formula CNCl It attained importance with the growth of the fertilizer industry in the late nineteenth century and is still an important intermediate in the production of many fertilizers. Fertilizers ( also spelt fertiliser are chemical compounds given to Plants to promote growth they are usually applied either through the soil for uptake by plant It is also used as a stabilizer in the production of nitrocellulose. Nitrocellulose (also cellulose nitrate, flash paper) is a highly flammable compound formed by Nitrating Cellulose through exposure to
Safety
Like other inorganic cyanides, cyanogen is very toxic, as it undergoes reduction to cyanide, which binds more strongly than oxygen to the cytochrome c oxidase complex, thus interrupting the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a The Enzyme cytochrome c oxidase or Complex IV () is a large Transmembrane protein complex found in Bacteria and the Mitochondrion In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. An electron transport chain couples a chemical reaction between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) to the transfer Cyanogen gas is an irritant to the eyes and respiratory system. Inhalation can lead to headache, dizziness, rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting, loss of consciousness, convulsions and death, depending on exposure. [6]
Cyanogen produces the second hottest known natural flame (after Carbon subnitride) with a temperature of over 4525°C (8180°F) when it burns in oxygen. Dicyanoacetylene (also carbon subnitride, IUPAC but-2-ynedinitrile) C4N2 is a compound of Carbon and Nitrogen. [7]
See also
References
- ^ Hartman W. Pseudohalogens are binary Inorganic compounds of the general form XY where X is a Cyanide, Cyanate, Thiocyanate etc W. ; Dreger, E. E. "Cyanogen Bromide" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 2, p. 150 (1943). http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV2P0150.pdf
- ^ T. K. Brotherton, J. W. Lynn (1959). "The Synthesis And Chemistry Of Cyanogen". Chemical Reviews 59 (5): 841 - 883. Chemical Reviews (usually abbreviated as Chem Rev) is a peer-reviewed Scientific journal, published since 1924 by the American Chemical Society doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ A. A. Breneman (1959). "Showing the Progress and Development of Processes for the the manufacture of Cyanogen and its Derivates (in: THE FIXATION OF ATMOSPHERIC NITROGEN". Journal of the American Chemical Society 11 (1): 2-28. The Journal of the American Chemical Society (usually abbreviated as J doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ H. Bauer (1980). "Die ersten organisch-chemischen Synthesen". Naturwissenschaften 67 (1): 1 -6. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ J. Gay-Lussac (1815). Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (also Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, December 6, 1778 – May 9, 1850) was a French chemist "?". Ann. chim. et phys. 96: 175.
- ^ Muir, GD (ed. ) 1971, Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory, The Royal Institute of Chemistry, London.
- ^ Thomas, N. & Gaydon, A. G. ; Brewer, L. (March 1952), “Cyanogen Flames and the Dissociation Energy of N2”, The Journal of Chemical Physics 20 (3): 369-374, <http://scitation.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JCPSA6000020000003000369000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=yes>
External links
Dictionary
cyanogen
-noun
- A colourless, poisonous gas used as a rocket propellant, an insecticide and in chemical warfare.
- (chemistry) The pseudohalogen (CN)2.
- (chemistry) The radical -CN.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic