Cupronickel or Coppernickel is an alloy of copper, nickel and strengthening impurities, such as iron and manganese. An alloy is a Solid solution or Homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a Metal, which itself has Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. Cupronickel does not corrode in seawater, because its electrode potential is adjusted to be neutral with regard to seawater. Corrosion means the breaking down of essential properties in a material due to Chemical reactions with its surroundings Seawater is Water from a Sea or Ocean. On average seawater in the world's oceans has a Salinity of about 3 In Electrochemistry, the standard electrode potential, abbreviated Eo E0 or EO (with a superscript Plimsoll character pronounced Because of this it is used for marine hardware, and sometimes for the propellers, crankshafts and hulls of premium tugboats, fishing boats and other working boats. A propeller is essentially a type of fan which transmits power by converting Rotational motion into Thrust for propulsion of a vehicle such as an The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an Engine which translates reciprocating Linear A hull is the body of a Ship or Boat. It is a central concept in floating vessels as it provides the Buoyancy that keeps the vessel from sinking TUGboat (ISSN 0896-3207 is a journal published three times per year by the TeX Users Group. A fishing vessel is a Ship or Boat used to catch fish in the sea or on a lake or river A boat is a Watercraft of modest size designed to float or plane on water and provide transport over it
A common use is in many silver-coloured modern circulation coins. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review A typical mix is 75% copper, 25% nickel, and a trace amount of manganese. Nickel (ˈnɪkəl is a metallic Chemical element with the symbol Ni and Atomic number 28 Manganese (ˈmæŋgəniːz is a Chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. In the past true silver coins were debased with cupronickel. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Debasement is the practice of lowering the value of Currency. Despite high copper content the colour of cupro-nickel is silver.
It is used in thermocouples, and a 55% copper/45% nickel alloy is used to make very accurate resistors. In Electrical engineering and industry thermocouples are a widely used type of temperature sensor and can also be used as a means to convert thermal Potential |- align = "center"| |width = "25"| | |- align = "center"| || Potentiometer |- align = "center"| | | |- align = "center"| Resistor| |
Monel metal is a nickel-copper alloy, containing minimum 63% nickel. Monel is a Trademark of Special Metals Corporation for a series of nickel Alloys primarily composed of Nickel (up to 67% and Copper
See also bronze (copper alloyed with tin), brass (copper alloyed with zinc), and nickel silver (another group of copper-nickel alloys). Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 Brass is any Alloy of Copper and Zinc; the proportions of zinc and copper can be varied to create a range of brasses with varying properties Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Nickel silver is a metal Alloy of Copper with Nickel and often but not always Zinc.
History
Obv: Bust of Dionysos with a wreath of leaves. In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman
Rev: Panther with a small bell around the neck, touching a vine with the left leg. A black panther is a black ( melanistic) color variant of one of several Species of larger cat which are often known by the term panther. A vine is any plant of Genus Vitis (the Grape plants or by extension any similar climbing or trailing plant Greek legend: BASILEOS PANTALEONTOS "King Pantaleon".
The cupronickel alloy technology has been known by the Chinese since the 3rd century BC under the name "white copper" (some weapons from the Warring States Period were in copper-nickel alloy [1]). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the
The Greco-Bactrian kings Agathocles and Pantaleon were the first in the world to issue copper-nickel (75/25 ratio) coins [2] around 170 BC, suggesting that exchanges of the metallic alloy, or possibly exchanges of technicians, were happening at the time between China and the region of Bactria. The Gr(aeco-Bactrian Kingdom was the easternmost part of the Hellenistic world covering Bactria and Sogdiana in Central Asia from 250 Agathocles "the Just" was an Indo-Greek king who reigned between around 190 and 180 BCE For the Christian saint see Saint Pantaleon; for the instrument see Pantalon; for the Lydian prince see Pantaleon (disambiguation. Events By place Greece In Thessaly, King Perseus of Macedon repulses a Roman army which is commanded by Aulus Hostilius "Bactrian" redirects here For the camel see Bactrian camel. The practice of exporting Chinese metals, in particular iron, for trade is attested around that period. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26
Cupro-nickel was not used again in coinage until the 19th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Cupro-nickel is the cladding on either side of United States Half Dollars (50¢) since 1971, and all quarters (25¢) and dimes (10¢) made after 1965. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Succeeding the Franklin half dollar, the Kennedy half dollar is a coin of the United States first minted in 1964 the year following the assassination A quarter dollar is a coin worth 1/4 of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar. The United States Jefferson Nickel (5¢) coin is solid cupro-nickel (75/25 ratio). The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a [3]
Beginning around the turn of the 20th century, bullet jackets were commonly made from this material. A bullet is a solid Projectile propelled by a Firearm or Air gun and is normally made from metal (usually Lead) It was soon replaced with gilding metal to reduce metal fouling in the bore. Gilding metal is a Copper Alloy, comprising 95% copper and 5% Zinc.
References
- ^ Ancient Chinese weapons and A halberd of copper-nickel alloy, from the Warring States Period.
- ^ Copper-Nickel coinage in Greco-Bactria.
- ^ About the United States Mint: Coin Specifications
External links
- www.coppernickel.org
- Corrosion resistance - Copper Development Association UK
- National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet
- National Pollutant Inventory - Nickel and compounds fact sheet
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