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Cunard Line
Type Public (Owned by Carnival Corporation)
Founded 1838 as the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company
Headquarters London, Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdom and Santa Clarita, California,Flag of the United States United States
Industry Transportation
Products Cruises
Website http://www.cunard.com/

Cunard Line (between 1934 and 1949 Cunard White Star Line) is a British shipping company, operator of the ocean liners RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) and RMS Queen Mary 2 (QM2), and cruise ship MS Queen Victoria (QV). A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc Carnival Corporation & PLC, a British-American - Panamanian corporation is the world's largest Cruise operator comprising 11 cruise brands including Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Santa Clarita can refer to Santa Clarita California Santa Clarita Valley California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need This article is about yacht cruising For cruising on cruise liners see the article Cruise ship. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience Characteristics The Queen Victoria is to be a running mate to the Queen Mary 2, Queen Elizabeth 2, briefly and in the future

Cunard Line's present-day headquarters are located in London, UK and the Valencia section of the city of Santa Clarita, California, USA in the same building as Princess Cruises head office. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Valencia is a Planned community located in Los Angeles County California in the northwestern corner of the Santa Clarita Valley, adjacent to Santa Clarita can refer to Santa Clarita California Santa Clarita Valley California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Princess Cruises is an American Cruise line, based in the Valencia section of the city of Santa Clarita, California, that

Contents

History

In 1838 shipping magnate Samuel Cunard, of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, along with engineer Robert Napier and businessmen James Donaldson, Sir George Burns, and David MacIver formed the British and North American Royal Mail Steam Packet Company (BNARMSPC). Sir Samuel Cunard 1st Baronet ( 21 November 1787 &ndash 28 April 1865) was a Canadian -born British shipping magnate The City of Halifax (est 1841 is the capital of the province of Nova Scotia and shire town of Halifax County Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Robert Napier (21 June 1791 - 23 June 1876 was a Scottish Engineer, and is often called " The Father of Clyde Shipbuilding Sir James Donaldson ( 26 April, 1831, Aberdeen - 1915 was a Scottish Classical scholar, and educational and theological writer Sir George Burns 1st Baronet ( December 10 1795 &ndash June 2 1890) was a Scottish Shipping magnate. Note that this company was distinct from the Royal Mail Steam Packet Company founded in London in 1839 by Scot James Macqueen. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was a British shipping company founded in London in 1839 by Scot James Macqueen The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland.

BNARMSPC successfully bid for the rights to a transatlantic mail shipping contract between England and America - winning this entitled it to use the RMS (Royal Mail Ship) prefix on its vessels. The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. Royal Mail Ship (sometimes Steam-ship, Steamer) usually seen in its abbreviated form RMS, is the Ship prefix used for seagoing vessels that The company later changed its name to Cunard Steamships Ltd.

A captain waves aboard a Cunard Line vessel in 1901.
A captain waves aboard a Cunard Line vessel in 1901.

In May 1840 the 648 gross ton coastal paddle steamer SS Unicorn, the company's first steamship, made the company's first transatlantic trip. A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller Under the direction of Captain Douglas, she carried 24 passengers, including Edward Cunard (Samuel's son), on a trip lasting 14 days, at an average speed of 8 knots,[1] thereby meeting the contract requirement of a crossing in a fortnight. Note Please link only to revelant articles per "WPOVERLINK" Regular passenger and cargo service by steamship was inaugurated by the paddle steamer Britannia, the first ship commissioned by the company. The RMS Britannia was an Ocean liner of the British Cunard Steamship Lines. On 4 July 1840 she sailed from Liverpool to Halifax, arriving in 12 days,[2] then to Boston in 2 days 8 hours more. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary

Cunard faced many competitors from Britain, France, the United States and Germany, but survived them all. This was mainly due to a great focus on safety. Cunard ships were usually not the largest or the fastest but they earned a reputation for being the most reliable and the safest. The prosperous company eventually absorbed Canadian Northern Steamships Ltd and Cunard's principal competitor, the White Star Line, owners of the ill-fated RMS Titanic and the HMHS Britannic. The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland History Post- Titanic design changes Following the loss of the Titanic and the subsequent enquiries several design changes were made to the remaining [3]

Between 1914 and 1918 Cunard Line built its European headquarters in Liverpool. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary The grand neo-Classical Cunard Building was to be the third of Liverpool's 'Three Graces'. The Cunard Building is sited at the Pier Head in Liverpool, England. The Pier Head is a riverside location in the city centre of Liverpool, England. The headquarters were used by Cunard until the 1960s.

For more than a century and a half, Cunard dominated the Atlantic passenger trade and was one of the world's most important companies, with the majority of their liners being built at John Brown's Shipyard, Clydebank, Scotland. John Brown and Company of Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Scotland, was a pre-eminent Shipbuilder, responsible for building many notable Clydebank is a town in West Dunbartonshire, in the Central Lowlands of Scotland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Its ships played important roles in the development of the world economy, and also participated in all of Britain's major wars from Crimea to the Falklands War, when Cunard's container ship Atlantic Conveyor was sunk by an Exocet missile. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas/Guerra del Atlántico Sur also called the Falklands Conflict/Crisis, was fought in 1982 between Argentina and the History The Atlantic Conveyor was a 14950 tonne roll-on roll-off Container ship owned by Cunard. The Exocet is a French -built Anti-ship missile whose various versions can be launched from surface vessels submarines and airplanes

Cunard Line and Princess Cruises headquarters in Santa Clarita
Cunard Line and Princess Cruises headquarters in Santa Clarita

The line began to decline in the 1950s as speedy air travel began to replace ships as the main transporters of passengers and mail across the Atlantic. Santa Clarita is the fourth largest city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Aviation refers to activities involving man-made flying devices ( Aircraft) including the people organizations and regulatory bodies involved with them Cunard tried to address this by forming BOAC-Cunard Ltd in 1962 with the British Overseas Airways Corporation to operate scheduled air services to North America, the Caribbean and South America. The British Overseas Airways Corporation ( BOAC) was the British state airline from 1939 until 1946 and the long-haul British state airline from 1946 It was dissolved in 1966. In 1971, Cunard Line was acquired by British shipping and industrial conglomerate Trafalgar House, which held the line until its takeover by Kvaerner in 1996. Trafalgar House was a United Kingdom conglomerate with interests in Property, property development, Construction, passenger Shipping Kværner was a Norway -based Engineering and Construction services company in existence between 1853 and 2005 when it was merged In 1983 Cunard took over the luxury cruise line Norwegian America Line, and in 1994 another luxury cruise company, Royal Viking Line. Norwegian America Line ( Den Norske Amerikalinje) was a Cruise ship line originally an operator of passenger and cargo Ships Founded in 1910 the company The Royal Viking Line was an upmarket Cruise line that operated from 1972 until 1998

For much of the late 20th century and the first few years of the 21st the line's only vessel making transatlantic crossings was the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2. The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined From 2004 the "QE2's" service was limited to cruising (mostly from the UK) and the annual world cruise, while the transatlantic route was taken over by the new RMS Queen Mary 2, the first ocean liner to be built in 30 years and the largest passenger ship of any type. Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule In 2006 she lost the record of the largest passenger ship to the cruise ship Freedom of the Seas, but QM2 remains the largest ocean liner ever built. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience "Freedom of the Seas" redirects here For the concept in international and admiralty law see Freedom of the seas, and for the play and film of this title see

In 1998, Cunard became one of a number of lines owned by Carnival Corporation, now Carnival Corporation & plc. Carnival Corporation & PLC, a British-American - Panamanian corporation is the world's largest Cruise operator comprising 11 cruise brands including On 1 January 2005 the business, assets and liabilities of Cunard Line Ltd were transferred to Carnival plc, ending the Cunard name as a business entity - the name still appears on the side of Queen Mary 2 and sails under the Cunard brand, but it is controlled by Princess Cruises in California. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Princess Cruises is an American Cruise line, based in the Valencia section of the city of Santa Clarita, California, that

Current Fleet

On April 22, 2008, it was announced that the three ships would meet for the last time at their home port of Southampton, UK. Southampton ( IPA /ˌsaʊθˈhæmptən/ is the largest city in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located According toBBC News, The Cunard fleet of Queens would be together in Southampton for one last time, prior to the retirement of the QE2 in November. [4]

Future Ships

Former Ships

Cunard White Line adverisement
Cunard White Line adverisement

The company operated many liners and cruise ships, some of them world-famous, including:

Firsts

Poster showing a cross-section of RMS Aquitania, launched in 1913.
Poster showing a cross-section of RMS Aquitania, launched in 1913. Construction The “Umbria” had many distinguishing features that included two enormous Funnels which gave the outward impression of huge power Origin The origins of Aquitania lay in the rivalry between the White Star Line and Cunard, Britain 's two leading shipping companies

Some of the "firsts" accomplished by Cunard include:

Commemoration

A statue on the waterfront of Halifax, Nova Scotia commemorates Samuel Cunard and the founding of the Cunard Line, as well as a special display on the Cunard Line in the Steamship Gallery of the city's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic. The RMS Britannia was an Ocean liner of the British Cunard Steamship Lines. SS Servia was a 2-funnel Ocean liner built by John Brown and Company, Clydebank, Scotland, for the Cunard Line. A planetarium is a Theatre built primarily for presenting educational and entertaining shows about Astronomy and the night sky or for training in Celestial navigation Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings Beginning In 1897 the German liner became the largest and fastest ship in the world Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Sir Samuel Cunard 1st Baronet ( 21 November 1787 &ndash 28 April 1865) was a Canadian -born British shipping magnate The Maritime Museum of the Atlantic is a Canadian Maritime museum located in downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia.

References

  1. ^ Ships of the Cunard Line; Dorman, Frank E. ; Adlard Coles Limited; 1955
  2. ^ Hopwood, Peter. "Cunard Company" in The Canadian Encyclopedia (Edmonton, AB: Hurtig Publishers, 1988), Volume 1, p. 555
  3. ^ Cunard White Star Line Merger, Titanic-Titanic. com
  4. ^ BBC News: Three 'Queens' in final meeting , retrieved 22.04.2008
  5. ^ CNN New: Cunard to Build 'Queen Elizabeth', retrieved 10. 10. 2007
  6. ^ Rosén, Bo; Benght Ohrelius, Eino Koivistoinen, Helge Heikkinen (1959). Laivojen kirja (in Finnish). Porvoo: WSOY, page 34.  
  7. ^ a b Ward, Douglas (2006). Complete Guide to Cruising & Cruise Ships. Singapore: Berlitz, page 139. ISBN 981-246-739-4.  

External links

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