Cumbia - Citizendia

Monument to the dance and music of cumbia in El Banco. El Banco (literally meaning River bank in Spanish) is a Colombian Municipality and town located in the southern most part of the Department of

Subgenres
Cumbia
Stylistic origins	African music, possibly Guinean cumbe
Cultural origins	African and Amerindian slaves in Colombia and Panama. Cumbe is a Municipality located in the Brazilian state of Sergipe.
Typical instruments	Percussion and woodwind; drums, claves, güiro, flutes and maracas. Types of woodwind instruments See also List of woodwind instruments Single-reed instruments use a reed, which is a thin cut The drum is a member of the percussion group technically classified as a Membranophone. Claves are a Percussion instrument ( Idiophone) consisting of a pair of short (about 20-30 cm thick dowels The güiro is a Percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended hollow Gourd with parallel notches cut in one side The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its Maraca is also a genus of Tarantula. Maracas ( sometimes called rumba Other: Saxophone, Trumpets, Keyboards, Trombone, guitar, accordion, Timbales with cowbell. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind A keyboard instrument is any musical instrument played using a Musical keyboard. The trombone is a Musical instrument in the brass family Like all brass instruments it is a lip-reed Aerophone: sound is produced when the player’s The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox Timbales (or tymbales) are shallow single-headed Drums shallower in shape than single-headed tom-toms, and usually much higher tuned
Mainstream popularity	Beginning in the 1950s, across Latin America, originated during the Spanish colonial times in Colombia, with the modern version spreading into other countries after it became very popular in Colombia in the 1920's and 1930's; El Salvador, Peru, Argentina and Mexico
Cumbia villera, Mexican cumbia, Peruvian cumbia, Tecnocumbia
Fusion genres
Cumbia rap
Regional scenes
Colombia - Argentina - Mexico - El Salvador - Bolivia - Peru - Chile

Cumbia is originally a Colombian folk dance and dance music and is Colombia's representative national dance and music along with vallenato. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Cumbia villera ("shantytown cumbia" βiˈʒeɾa is a typically Argentine form of Cumbia music born in the Villas miseria ( Shantytowns Mexican cumbia is a musical subgenre of Cumbia, and this is originated from Colombian Cumbia in South America. Tecnocumbia is a variant of the Mexican cumbia started earlier the 80's Cumbia rap is a fairly new spin off of the original Cumbia genre Argentine cumbia is an umbrella term that comprises several distinct trends within the same tradition the Dance and Music style known as Cumbia in Mexican cumbia is a musical subgenre of Cumbia, and this is originated from Colombian Cumbia in South America. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances mostly of European origin that tend to share the following attributes originally danced in about the This article is about music for dancing in general You may also be looking for Electronic dance music. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Vallenato, along with Cumbia, is presently the most popular Folk music of Colombia. The Cumbia is an autochthonous dance and music from the Caribbean Coast of Colombia, with variants of equally folk in Panama. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America.

It is a popular music and dance in different Latin-American countries, where it has followed different variants as the Mexican, Argentine, Peruvian, and others. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Modern cumbia includes instrumental mixing; guitars, accordions, bass guitar, modern flutes and modern deep-toned drums and other percussions. The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles The accordion is a portable box-shaped Musical instrument of the hand-held Bellows -driven free-reed aerophone family sometimes referred to as a Squeezebox The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its A drum kit (also drum set or trap set) is a collection of Drums Cymbals and sometimes other Percussion instruments such as cowbells The basic rhythm structure is 4/4. Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός - rhythmos, "any measured flow or movement symmetry" is the variation of the length and accentuation of Cumbia is the net intersection of two cultures that settled in the region of what is now northern Colombia at different times; the Amerindians and African slaves. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Cumbia began as a courtship dance practiced among the slave population that was later mixed with the European instruments and influence. Courtship is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage

1 Origins
2 Cumbia as a courtship ritual
3 Musical instruments
4 Cumbia in the American Continent
5 See also

Origins

Cumbia is a variant of the African Guinean cumbe music. Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea (pronounced /ˈgɪni/ République de Guinée is a country in West Africa, formerly known as French Guinea Cumbia started in the northern region of Colombia, mainly in or around Cartagena during the period of Spanish colonization. Cartagena de Indias (kaɾtaˈhena ð̞e ˈin̪d̪jas in Spanish; the usual English pronunciation is ˌkɑrtəˈheɪnə deɪ ˈɪndiəs is a large city The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spain 's conquest settlement and rule over much of the Western hemisphere. Spain used its ports to import African slaves, who tried to preserve their musical traditions and also turned the drums and dances into a courtship ritual. Cumbia was mainly interpreted with just drums and claves. Claves are a Percussion instrument ( Idiophone) consisting of a pair of short (about 20-30 cm thick dowels

The slaves were later influenced by the sounds of Amerindian instruments from the Koguis and Kuna tribes settled between the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Montes de María; like the millo flutes, gaita flutes, and güiros. The Kogi or Kogui or Kaggabba, translated " Jaguar " in the Kogi language[http //www Kuna or Cuna is the name of an indigenous people of Panama and Colombia. The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is an isolated mountain range apart from the Andes chain that runs through Colombia. The Montes de María (Spanish Mountains of Mary) are a group of Mountains of the northern coast of Colombia (the Caribbean Region) which do Africans and Amerindians working together as slaves created a mixture from which the gaitero (cumbia interpreter) appeared, with a defined identity by the 1800s. (These gaiteros are not to be associated with the Venezuelan Zulian gaiteros. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Estado Zulia is one of Venezuela 's 23 states ''(estados''. The state capital is Maracaibo. ) The European guitars and accordions were added later, through Spanish influence.

Cumbia as a courtship ritual

The danced courtship ritual was rhythmically performed with music played by groups of men and women couples; women playfully waving with their long skirts and holding a candle, while the men danced behind the women, with one hand on his back and the other one holding his hat, putting it on and off and waving it. Men also carried a red type of handkerchief which they either wrapped around their necks, waved in circles in the air or handheld together with women. A handkerchief (also called handkercher or hanky) is a form of a Kerchief, typically a square of fabric that can be carried in the Pocket Until mid-20th century, cumbia was considered a vulgar dance, practiced only by the lower classes. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on " Vulgarism " (also called scurrility) derives from Latin vulgun, the "mean folk" and has carried into English its original Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures.

Musical instruments

Traditional instruments used in cumbia:

Drums: Cumbia drums were of African origin and were brought along with slaves to the Americas by the Spanish conquerors. Africans used wood, ropes made out of sisal (Agave sisalana), and animal dry skins to make their drums. Sisal or sisal hemp is an Agave Agave sisalana that yields a stiff Fiber used in making Rope. They either played the drum by hitting it with their hands or with sticks. Sometimes they wrapped the tip of the sticks with dry skin to prevent wearing off the drum. Cumbia interpreters produce variations of the sound emitted by the drum by hitting it on almost every area of the wooden base and dry skin.
Claves: claves are a pair of hard thick sticks, usually used to set the beat through out the song.

Cumbia in the American Continent

Cumbia has generally been enjoyed by the lower classes of the American continent due to its rather simple sound and lyrics. Due to the diversity in Latin America, the music has undergone changes as it mixed with the regional music styles. Therefore, there are several variations of the music.

Colombia

Today traditional cumbia is preserved and considered representative of the Colombian identity, but especially in the Northern Caribbean coast. It is also associated to Barranquilla's Carnival and the Vallenato Legend Festival. Barranquilla's Carnaval ( Spanish: Carnaval de Barranquilla) is a carnival with traditions that date back to the 19th century The Vallenato Legend Festival (Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata is one of the most important musical festivals in Colombia. La Internacional Sonora Show is the only one orchestra who has not only recorded generes not only traditional but modern such as vallenato, cumbia rock, cumbia flamenca, cumbia salsa all these genres of Cumbia have made history. Other modern cumbia are Carlos Vives, Selena etc.

Argentina

Main article: Argentine cumbia

The music tends to be appreciated more by the lower social classes, and is often scorned by the upper classes. Argentine cumbia is an umbrella term that comprises several distinct trends within the same tradition the Dance and Music style known as Cumbia in In Argentina, for example, this social divide is exemplified by the cumbia villera phenomenon, that intends to represent and resonate with the poor and marginalized dwellers of villas miseria (shanty towns and slums), with lyrics glorifying theft and drug abuse, much like Northern American hip hop. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Cumbia villera ("shantytown cumbia" βiˈʒeɾa is a typically Argentine form of Cumbia music born in the Villas miseria ( Shantytowns Vista Riachuelo desde Puente Boschjpg|thumb|240px| Villa miseria along the Riachuelo, on Buenos Aires' industrial southern edge Shanty towns (also called Squatter camps or Favelas are settlements (sometimes illegal or unauthorized of impoverished people who live in improvised A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security In Criminal law, theft (also known as stealing or filching) is the illegal taking of another person's Property without that person's freely-given Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a Psychoactive drug or Performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with However, it must be noted that a lighter form of cumbia enjoyed widespread popularity in Argentina during the 1990s (see Argentine cumbia). Argentine cumbia is an umbrella term that comprises several distinct trends within the same tradition the Dance and Music style known as Cumbia in

Chile

Popular with the lower social classes, it is often made fun of by the middle and upper classes. Nevertheless, it is widely danced at parties and gatherings.

Mexico

Main article: Mexican cumbia

Cumbia music in Mexico is very diverse, there is a diversity of styles from the south to the north. Mexican cumbia is a musical subgenre of Cumbia, and this is originated from Colombian Cumbia in South America. Puebla City is the center of the Cumbia Sonidera, a rebirth of Mexican Indian tribal sounds with modern electronic textures and patterns. The city of Puebla, officially Heroic Puebla de Zaragoza (nicknamed Angelópolis) is the capital and largest city of the Mexican state of Puebla. The emigration of Mexicans to the USA has also increased the music's popularity in the USA.

More recently the term "cumbia" has taken on an even more diverse meaning as a radio format that emphasizes traditional popular and folk music.

Peru

Peruvian Cumbia

cumbia is a dance that is performed mostly with your hips. its fast footwok make for a great time for the family. Peruvian Cumbia is generally known as "Chicha. " It is a subgenre of the Cumbia, and it is very popular with the lower social classes. The higher classes generally view the music with contempt and somewhat rejection, though this subgenre is starting to catch on to them. This can be taken as a good example of how the popularity of the music has been increasing over the years. Some musical groups that play Chicha are: Agua Marina, Armonia 10, Agua Bella, etc. Agua Bella is a female technocumbia music band from Peru. History Agua Bella was created in 1999 by music entrepreneur

Tecnocumbia

Starting in Peru and Bolivia, the style derived from the Andean "Chicha" and with the addition of synthesizers and other electronic instrumentation. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. Due to this technological changes to the music, it became known as the "tecnocumbia. " The popularity of the tecnocumbia has been increasing over the years, and many countries such as Argentina, Mexico, and Chile have adapted it to their particular likings.

United States

Selena, La Internacional Sonora Show creators of the hit smash Escandalo. Selena Quintanilla-Pérez (April 16 1971 – March 31 1995 best known as Selena, was an American Singer who has been called "The Queen of

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