| Cumberland River | |
|---|---|
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| Origin | Confluence of Poor Fork and Clover Fork near Harlan, Kentucky[1] |
| Mouth | Ohio River |
| Basin countries | United States |
| Length | 687 mi (1,106 km) |
| Source elevation | 1,155 ft (352 m) |
| Avg. A canoe is a small narrow Boat, typically human-powered though it may also be powered by sails or small electric or gas motors Harlan is a city in Harlan County, Kentucky, United States. The population was 2081 at the 2000 census and was estimated at 1880 in 2007 The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the discharge | 30,441 ft³/s (862 m3/s |
| Basin area | 18,081 mi² (46,830 km²) |
The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the Southern United States. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive It is 678 miles (1,106 km) long. It starts in Letcher County in eastern Kentucky on the Cumberland Plateau, flows through southeastern Kentucky before crossing into northern Tennessee, and then curves back up into western Kentucky before draining into the Ohio River at Smithland, Kentucky. Letcher County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The Cumberland Plateau is the southern part of the Appalachian Plateau. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The Ohio River is the largest Tributary by volume of the Mississippi River. Smithland is a city in Livingston County, Kentucky, United States, at the confluence of the Ohio and Cumberland Rivers The Cumberland is one of three major Kentucky rivers with headwaters in this county. The others are the Kentucky River and the Big Sandy River. The Kentucky River is a tributary of the Ohio River, 259 mi (417 km long in the U
History
Important first as a passage for hunters and settlers, the Cumberland River also supported later riverboat trade which reached to the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Villages, towns and cities were located at landing points along its banks. Through the middle of the 19th century, settlers depended on rivers for trading and travel.
In 1748, Dr. Thomas Walker led a party of hunters across the Appalachian Mountains from Virginia. Year 1748 ( MDCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Dr Thomas Walker ( January 15, 1715 – November 9, 1794) was a physician and Explorer from Virginia who The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Walker, a Virginian, was an explorer and surveyor of renown. He gave the name "Cumberland" to the lofty range of mountains his party crossed, in honor of Prince William, Duke of Cumberland whose name had become popular in America after the Battle of Culloden in 1746 (Stewart, 1967). The Prince William Duke of Cumberland (William Augustus Style and New Style dates|N The Battle of Culloden (Blàr Chùil Lodair (16 April 1746 was the final clash between the French-supported Jacobites and the Hanoverian Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Walker's party pursued their journey by way of the Cumberland Gap into what is today Kentucky. "Cumberland Gap" is also the informal name for a section of the A74 in England; the name of a song by Skiffle artist Lonnie Donegan Finding a beautiful mountain stream flowing across their course they called it the "Cumberland River. " Walker's journal entry for April 17, 1750, reads in part: "I went down the creek a-hunting, and found that it went into a river about a mile below our camp. This, which is Flat Creek and some other join'd, I called Cumberland River. "
Previous to Walker's trip, the Cumberland River had been called Warioto by Native Americans and Shauvanon by French traders. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The river was also known as the Shawnee River (or Shawanoe River) for years after Walker's trip. The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. [1]
Several American Civil War battles occurred near the Cumberland River, including the battle for Fort Donelson. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Fort Donelson National Battlefield preserves Fort Donelson and Fort Heiman, two sites of the American Civil War Forts Henry and Donelson Campaign in which The river's name has been used to name the Union Army of the Cumberland and several U. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three The Army of the Cumberland was one of the principal Union armies in the Western Theater during the American Civil War. S. Navy ships have been called USS Cumberland. Three ships of the United States Navy have been named Cumberland, after the Cumberland River.
Geography
The Cumberland River is a wild river above the headwaters of Lake Cumberland. Cumberland Falls, a 68-foot waterfall on this section of river, is one of the largest waterfalls in the eastern United States, and the only place in the Western Hemisphere where a moonbow can be seen. Cumberland Falls, sometimes called the Little Niagara, the Niagara of the South, or the Great Falls, is a large Waterfall on the Cumberland A waterfall is usually a geological formation resulting from water often in the form of a Stream, flowing over an Erosion -resistant rock moonbow (also known as a lunar rainbow, lunar bow or white rainbow) is a Rainbow produced by the moon rather than the sun Most of the river below Lake Cumberland's Wolf Creek Dam is navigable because of a number of locks and dams. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal Waterways. A dam is a barrier that divides waters. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water while other structures such as Floodgates, Levees A 90 mile section of its Big South Fork is protected by the National Park Service as Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area. The Big South Fork of the Cumberland River is a major drainage feature of the Cumberland Plateau, a major tributary of the Cumberland River system a world-class The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation The Big South Fork National River and Recreation Area preserves the Big South Fork of the Cumberland River and its tributaries in northeastern Tennessee and southeastern
Dams at various locations of the Cumberland River have created large reservoirs for recreation such as Lake Barkley in western Kentucky and Lake Cumberland (the deepest lake in the Tennessee and Cumberland river valleys) in southern Kentucky. Lake Barkley, a 58000-acre Artificial lake in Caldwell, Livingston, Lyon, and Trigg counties in Kentucky and extending Lake Cumberland is an Artificial lake in Clinton, Laurel, McCreary, Pulaski, Russell, and Wayne counties in Cordell Hull and Old Hickory Lake to the east of Nashville and Cheatham Lake to the west. Old Hickory Lake is a man-made Lake in north central Tennessee. Laurel Lake, on the Laurel River in southern Kentucky, the Dale Hollow Reservoir on the Obey River in northeast middle Tennessee, and Percy Priest Lake on the Stones River in Nashville are each created by dams just upstream from their respective confluence with the Cumberland River. The Dale Hollow Reservoir is an Artificial lake situated on the Kentucky / Tennessee border J Percy Priest Lake is an artificial Lake in north central Tennessee.
References
- Albright, Edward. "Early History of Middle Tennessee". (1908).
- Stewart, George R. "Names on the Land". (Boston: 1967) (See George R. Stewart)
- Arthur Benke & Colbert Cushing, "Rivers of North America". George Rippey Stewart ( May 31, 1895 – August 22, 1980) was an American Toponymist, a novelist and a professor of English Elsevier Academic Press, 2005 ISBN 0-12-088253-1
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