The culture of Estonia incorporates indigenous heritage, as represented by the country's rare Finno-Ugric national language Estonian and the sauna, with mainstream Nordic and European cultural aspects. Finno-Ugric (ˌfɪnoʊˈjuːgɹɪk is a grouping of languages in the Uralic language family comprising Finnish, Estonian, Hungarian and Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1 A sauna (ˈsɔːnə or as Finnish) is a small room or house designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions or an establishment with one or more of these and auxiliary The Nordic countries make up a region in Northern Europe called the Nordic region, consisting of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Due to its history and geography, Estonia's culture has been influenced by the traditions of the adjacent area's various Finnic, Baltic and Germanic peoples as well as the cultural developments in the former dominant powers Sweden and Russia. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Traditionally, Estonia has indeed been seen as an area of rivalry between western and eastern Europe on many levels. An example of this geopolitical legacy is an exceptional combination of nationally recognized Christian traditions: a western Protestant and an eastern Orthodox Church. The Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church (Estonian Eesti Evangeelne Luterlik Kirik) is a Christian Protestant church following the teachings of the German theologian The Church of Estonia or Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church ( Eesti Apostlik-Õigeusu Kirik) is an autonomous Orthodox church whose primate Like the mainstream culture in the other Nordic countries, Estonian culture can be seen to build upon the ascetic environmental realities and traditional livelihoods, a heritage of comparatively widespread egalitarianism out of practical reasons (see e. Egalitarianism (derived from the French word égal, meaning equal) is a political doctrine that holds that all people should be treated as equals and have g. : Everyman's right and universal suffrage), and the ideals of closeness to nature and self-sufficiency (see: summer cottage). The freedom to roam, or everyman's right is a term describing the general public's right to access certain public or privately owned land for recreation and Exercise Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to Self-sufficiency refers to the state of not requiring any outside aid support or interaction for survival it is therefore a type of personal or collective autonomy. In modern usage a cottage is a dwelling typically in a rural or semi-rural location (although there are cottage-style dwellings in cities
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The Arts
Literature
Though Estonian written language could be said to exist since J. Estonian literature refers to literature written in the Estonian language (c J. Köhler translated the New Testament into Estonian in the 18th century as a result of the Reformation, few notable works of literature were written until the 19th century, which saw the beginning of an Estonian national romantic movement. This prompted Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald to collect Estonian folk poetry and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald to arrange and publish them as Kalevipoeg, the Estonian national epic. Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald ( at the Jõepere Manor in Kadrina, Virumaa &mdash in Tartu) was an Estonian Writer and Physician Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald ( at the Jõepere Manor in Kadrina, Virumaa &mdash in Tartu) was an Estonian Writer and Physician Kalevipoeg is an epic poem by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald held to be the Estonian National epic. The era saw a rise of poets and novelists who wrote in Estonian, notably Lydia Koidula. Lydia Koidula, ( Vändra, Pärnumaa, &ndash Kronstadt,) was the Pen name of Lydia Emilie Florentine Jannsen, an Estonian
After Estonia became independent there was a rise of modernist writers, most famously Jaan Kross. Jaan Kross ( February 19, 1920 – December 27, 2007) was the most eminent contemporary Estonian Writer. The second World War prompted a repression of national interests. Literature in modern Estonia is in a healthy state, with detective stories enjoying a particular boom of popularity.
- See also: Timeline of early Estonian publications
Music
Despite its relatively short history of art music, Estonia today is well respected for its musicianship, with a quality education of classical musicians having produced a high proportion of world-class conductors and singers. This is the timeline of notable early Estonian publications along with links to the articles discussing them The earliest mentioning of Estonian singing dates back to Saxo Grammaticus Gesta Danorum (c Estonian art music came to the forefront as a part of the national romantic movement.
Modern Estonian popular music has received attention also in foreign countries, especially on the rock and metal scenes, with such bands as Vanilla Ninja, Metsatöll and Arvo Pärt gaining international acclaim. Vanilla Ninja is a three-piece Estonian girl band which has enjoyed chart success in a number of countries across Europe especially in Germany and Metsatöll is an Estonian Folk metal bandThe WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Arvo Pärt (born 11 September 1935 in Paide, Estonia) (ˈɑr̺vɔ
Visual Arts
Art Museum of Estonia was founded on November 17th, 1919, but it was not until 1921 that it got its first permanent building – the Kadriorg Palace, built in the 18th century. In 1929 the palace was expropriated from the Art Museum in order to rebuild it as the residence of the President of Estonia.
Theatre
The Estonia Theatre is an opera house and concert hall in Tallinn, Estonia. The Estonia Theatre is an Opera house and Concert hall in Tallinn, Estonia. It was built as a national effort with the leadership of Estonia society in 1913 and was opened to the public on August 24th. At the time, it was the largest building in Tallinn.
Cinema & Broadcasting
Cinema in Estonia started in 1908 with the production of a newsreel about Swedish King Gustav IV’s visit to Tallinn. Cinema in Estonia (Total population 13 million started in 1896 when the first "moving pictures" were screened in Tallinn. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A newsreel is a Documentary film that is regularly released in a public presentation place containing filmed News stories "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names [1]
The first regular radio broadcasts in Estonia began 18 December 1926.
Estonian Television Eesti Televisioon or ETV is the national public television station of Estonia. Eesti Televisioon ( ETV) is the national public Television station of Estonia. Its first broadcast was on July 19, 1955, and it celebrated the 50th anniversary on July 19, 2005.
Education
The University of Tartu, a member of the Coimbra Group was established by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in 1632. The history of formal education in Estonia dates back to the 13–14th centuries when the first Monastic and Cathedral schools were founded The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia Mission The Coimbra Group is.an association of long-established European multidisciplinary universities of high international standard committed to creating special academic Bengt Gottfried Forselius (ca 1660-1688) was a founder of public education in Estonia, author of the first Estonian language ABC-book, and creator of a spelling system which made the teaching and learning of Estonian easier. Bengt Gottfried Forselius ( ca 1660 Harju-Madise, Harju County, Estonia (then part of Sweden) – November 16, 1688
The Way of Life
Historical aspects
The area of modern Estonia has historically been inhabited by the same people as today, mostly Estonian speakers, but the some minorities (Russian) have have immigrated recently. Before the Great Northern War, Estonia was considered at the periphery of the Swedish empire, then was incorporated into the Russian Empire. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. So although it was alternatively ruled by Sweden and Russia, and while Baltic Germans who ruled Estonia enjoyed considerable autonomy with the administrative language being German, the indigenous population retained their native language and culture.
The formation of a more defined Estonian cultural identity in the modern sense was accelerated in the 19th century during the period of overall national Romanticism and Nationalism in Europe. Romantic nationalism (also National Romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of Nationalism in which the state derives The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Support from the German speaking Estophiles in upper strata of the Estonian society for a separate Estonian identity led to the Estonian Age of Awakening
People
Traditionally, Estonian have attributed themselves as typically straightforward and stubborn. Estophilia (from Greek: φίλος, 'dear loving') refers to the ideas and activities of people not of Estonian descent sympathetic to or interested in The Estonian Age of Awakening (Ärkamisaeg is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a Nation deserving the right to govern themselves
Today, the Estonian society encourages equality and liberalism, with a popular commitment to the ideals of the welfare state, discouraging disparity of wealth and division into social classes. The Protestant work ethic remains a significant cultural staple, and free education is a highly prized institution. The Protestant work ethic, sometimes called the Puritan work ethic, is a sociological theoretical concept
The traditional occupation of Estonians, like most Europeans, is agriculture. Until the first half of the 20th century, Estonia was an agrarian society, but in modern times Estonians have increasingly embraced an urban lifestyle. Nonetheless many Estonians maintain a fondness for a rural lifestyle close to nature, and it is a very typical practice to visit a summer cottage in the countryside during vacations.
Family structure
Estonian family life is nowadays centered around the nuclear family. The term nuclear family developed in the Western world to distinguish the Family group consisting of parents most commonly a Father and Mother Members of an extended family typically live apart, and youths seek independence and typically move from their parents' residence around the age of twenty.
Festivities and Traditions
Estonian holidays are mostly based on the Western Christian calendar and Protestant traditions.
Notable among these is Jaanipäev, the Estonian Midsummer which involves seeking one's way to non-urban environments and burning large bonfires and drunken revelry of Jaaniõhtu. In Estonia, aside from Christmas Jaaniõhtu ( Midsummer's Eve, also called Jaanilaupäev) and Jaanipäev (" The midsummer traditions also include different versions of pairing magic, such as collecting a number of different kinds of flowers and putting them under one's pillow, after which one is meant to see the future spouse in one's dreams.
The Estonian Christmas, Jõulud, is generally in line with the North and Middle European traditions of Christmas trees and Advent calendars and traditional meals, involving a number of dishes which are typically only eaten on Christmas. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration An Advent calendar is a special calendar used to count the days of Advent. Christmas is the most extensive and appreciated and commercialized holiday in Estonia. Holidays start from the 23th December and continue through Christmas Eve (24th), Christmas Day (25th). In schools and in many workplaces, the vacation continues until the New Year.
The Estonian independence day is the 24th of February and a national holiday.
Food and Drink
Historically Estonian Cuisine has been simple peasant food, which today is influenced by many countries. The traditional cuisine of Estonia uses meat and potatoes varieties which today is influenced by many countries Today it includes many typical international foods. The most typical foods in Estonia are black bread, pork, potatoes and milk-related products. Estonians themselves have considered blood sausage (verivorst) and sauerkraut "typical Estonian foods", but mostly those are eaten only at Christmas. Black pudding or (less often blood pudding is a British English term for Sausage made by cooking blood with a filler until it is thick enough to congeal Sauerkraut ( English:, German:, Yiddish: ˈzɔi̯əʀˌkʀɔi̯t is finely shredded Cabbage that has been fermented by various
Notes and references
See also
The Estonian Song Festival (laulupidu is an event which takes place in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, every five years in the month of JulyDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic