Citizendia
Your Ad Here

The term cultural history (from the German term Kulturgeschichte) refers both to an academic discipline and to its subject matter. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The term cultural history (from the German term) refers both to an Academic discipline and to its subject matter An academic discipline or field of study is a branch of Knowledge which is taught or Researched at the college or university level

Cultural history, as a discipline, at least in its common definition since the 1970s, often combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts of a group of people. A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of Knowledge is defined ( Oxford English Dictionary) variously as (i expertise and skills acquired by a person through experience or education the theoretical or practical understanding Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual An English Noun The English noun people has two distinct fields of application as a countable noun, a group of Humans Its subject matter encompasses the continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future pertaining to a culture. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic

Cultural history records and interprets past events involving human beings through the social, cultural, and political milieu of or relating to the arts and manners that a group favors. Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Jacob Burckhardt helped found cultural history as a discipline. Jacob Christoph Burckhardt ( May 25, 1818, Basel, Switzerland &ndash August 8, 1897, Basel was a Swiss Cultural history studies and interprets the record of human societies by denoting the various distinctive ways of living built up by a group of people under consideration. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Cultural history involves the aggregate of past cultural activity, such as ceremony, class in practices, and the interaction with locales.

Contents

Description

Cultural history overlaps in its approaches with the French movements of histoire des mentalités (Philippe Poirrier, 2004) and the so-called new history, and in the U. The term history of mentalities is a calque on the French histoire des mentalités (which might also be translated as 'history of attitudes' 'history of world-views' a historical The term new history was indebted to the French term nouvelle histoire, itself associated particularly with the historian Jacques Le Goff and Pierre Nora S. it is closely associated with the field of American studies. American studies or American civilization is an interdisciplinary field dealing with the study of the United States. As originally conceived and practiced by 19th Century Swiss historian Jakob Burckhardt with regard to the Italian Renaissance, cultural history was oriented to the study of a particular historical period in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the economic basis underpinning society, and the social institutions of its daily life as well. Jacob Christoph Burckhardt ( May 25, 1818, Basel, Switzerland &ndash August 8, 1897, Basel was a Swiss The Italian Renaissance began the opening phase of the Renaissance, a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period from the end of the 14th [1]

Most often the focus is on phenomena shared by non-elite groups in a society, such as: carnival, festival, and public rituals; performance traditions of tale, epic, and other verbal forms; cultural evolutions in human relations (ideas, sciences, arts, techniques); and cultural expressions of social movements such as nationalism. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March A festival is an event usually and ordinarily staged by a local community which centers on some unique aspect of that community A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people A narrative or story is a construct created in a suitable format (written spoken poetry prose images song Theater, or Dance) that describes a sequence of An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation Also examines main historical concepts as power, ideology, class, culture, cultural identity, attitude, race, perception and new historical methods as narration of body. Power is a measure of a person's ability to control the environment around them including the behavior of other people An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Cultural identity is the (feeling of identity of a group or Culture, or of an Individual as far as he or she is influenced by her belonging to a group Attitude is a hypothetical construct that represents an individual's like or dislike for an item The term race or racial group usually refers to the concept of categorizing Humans into Populations or groups on the basis of various sets In Psychology and the Cognitive sciences perception is the process of attaining awareness or understanding of sensory Information. Many studies consider adaptations of traditional culture to mass media (tv, radio, newspapers, magazines, posters, etc. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" ), from print to film and, now, to the Internet (culture of capitalism). Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Capitalism is the Economic system in which the Means of production are owned by private Persons and operated for Profit and where Its modern approaches come from art history, annales, marxist school, microhistory and new cultural history. Art history is the Academic study of objects of Art in their Historical development and stylistic contexts i Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Microhistory is a branch of the study of History. First developed in the 1970s microhistory is the study of the past on a very small scale

Common theoretical touchstones for recent cultural history have included: Jürgen Habermas's formulation of the public sphere in The Structural Transformation of the Bourgeois Public Sphere; Clifford Geertz's notion of 'thick description' (expounded in, for example, The Interpretation of Cultures); and the idea of memory as a cultural-historical category, as discussed in Paul Connerton's How Societies Remember. A touchstone is a small tablet of dark stone such as Fieldstone, Slate, or Lydite, used for Assaying Precious metal Alloys Jürgen Habermas (ˈjʏʁgən ˈhaːbɐmaːs born June 18, 1929 is a German Philosopher and Sociologist in the tradition of The public sphere is an area in social life where people can get together and freely discuss and identify societal problems and through that discussion influence political action Clifford James Geertz ( August 23 1926, San Francisco – October 30 2006, Philadelphia) was an American In Anthropology and other fields a thick description of a human behaviour is one that explains not just the behaviour but its context as well such that the behaviour becomes In Psychology, memory is an organism's ability to store retain and subsequently retrieve information Paul Connerton' s signal contribution to critical and cultural studies is his book How Societies Remember (1989 that opened the discussion of Collective memory (per

A Vague Delineation

Historiography and the French Revolution

An area where new-style cultural history is often pointed to as being almost a paradigm is the 'revisionist' history of the French Revolution, dated somewhere since François Furet's massively influential 1978 essay Interpreting the French Revolution. The word paradigm ( Greek:παράδειγμα (paradigmacomposite from para- and the verb δείχνυμι "to show" as a whole -roughly- meaning "example" For the denial and distortion of well-established historical facts see Historical revisionism (negationism. The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an François Furet ( 27 March 1927 – 12 July 1997) was an influential French historian The 'revisionist interpretation' is often characterised as replacing the allegedly dominant, allegedly Marxist, 'social interpretation' which say the causes of the Revolution in class dynamics. Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. The revisionist approach has tended to put more emphasis on 'political culture', and through this the cultural historians have come! Reading ideas of political culture through Habermas' conception of the public sphere, historians of the Revolution in the past few decades have looked at the role and position of cultural themes such as gender, ritual, and ideology in the context of pre-revolutionary French political culture. Political culture can be defined as "The orientation of the citizens of a nation toward politics and their perceptions of political legitimacy and the traditions of political Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social A ritual is a set of actions often thought to have Symbolic value the performance of which is usually prescribed by a Religion or by the Traditions An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics

Historians who might be grouped under this umbrella are Roger Chartier, Robert Darnton, Patrice Higonnet, Lynn Hunt, Keith Baker, Joan Landes, Mona Ozouf and Sarah Maza. Robert Darnton (born May 10, 1939) is an American Cultural historian, recognized as a leading expert on eighteenth-century France. Lynn Hunt is a renowned American historian and is the Eugen Weber Professor of Modern European History at the University of California Los Angeles. Of course, these scholars all pursue fairly diverse interests, and perhaps too much emphasis has been placed on the paradigmatic nature of the new history of the French Revolution. Colin Jones, for example, is no stranger to cultural history, Habermas, or Marxism, and has persistently argued that the Marxist interpretation is not dead, but can be revivified; after all, Habermas' logic was heavily indebted to a Marxist understanding. Jürgen Habermas (ˈjʏʁgən ˈhaːbɐmaːs born June 18, 1929 is a German Philosopher and Sociologist in the tradition of Meanwhile, Rebecca Spang has also recently argued that for all its emphasis on difference and newness, the 'revisionist' approach retains the idea of the French Revolution as a watershed in the history of (so-called) modernity, and that the problematic notion of 'modernity' has itself attracted scant attention. Modernity is a term that refers to the Modern era. It is distinct from Modernism, and in different contexts refers to cultural and intellectual movements of the

Cultural studies

Cultural studies is an academic discipline popular among a diverse group of scholars. Cultural studies is an academic discipline which combines Political economy, Communication, Sociology, Social theory, Literary theory It combines political economy, communication, sociology, social theory, literary theory, media theory, film/video studies, cultural anthropology, philosophy, museum studies and art history/criticism to study cultural phenomena in various societies. Political economy originally was the term for studying production buying and selling and their relations with law custom and government Communication is the process of conveying information from a sender to a receiver with the use of a medium in which the communicated information is understood the same way Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Social theory is an essential tool used by scholars in the analysis of society through the use of theoretical frameworks social structures and phenomena are analyzed and placed in context Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of Literature and of the methods for analyzing literature In Psychology, Communication theory and Sociology, media influence or media effects refers to the theories about the ways the Mass media Film theory debates the essence of the cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to Reality, the other Arts individual Cultural anthropology is one of four fields of Anthropology (the holistic study of humanity) as it developed in the United States. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Museology (also called museum studies) is the study of how to organize and manage Museums and museum collections. Art history is the Academic study of objects of Art in their Historical development and stylistic contexts i Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of visual Art. Art critics usually criticize art in the context of Aesthetics or the theory of Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Cultural studies researchers often concentrate on how a particular phenomenon relates to matters of ideology, nationality, ethnicity, social class, and/or gender. An ideology is a set of beliefs aims and Ideas especially in politics Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty Social class refers to the hierarchical distinctions (or stratification) between individuals or groups in Societies or Cultures. Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social The term was coined by Richard Hoggart in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. Herbert Richard Hoggart (born 24 September 1918) is a British Academic and Public figure, whose career has covered the fields of The Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies (CCCS was a research centre at the University of Birmingham, England. It has since become strongly associated with Stuart Hall, who succeeded Hoggart as Director.

Further reading

Listed by date

References

General information
Citations and notes
  1. ^ Siegfried Giedion, in Space, Time and Architecture (6th ed. Sigfried Giedion ( 14 April 1888, Prague &ndash 10 April 1968, Zürich) (also spelled Siegfried Giedion) was ), p 3.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic