The Cucuteni culture, better known in the countries of the former Soviet Union as Trypillian culture or Tripolie culture, is a late Neolithic archaeological culture that flourished between ca. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos In addition to its usual meaning in Social science, in Archaeology, the term culture is also used in reference to several related concepts unique to 5500 BC and 2750 BC in the Dniester-Dnieper region of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine. The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe.
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Nomenclature
The culture was named after Cucuteni, Iaşi county, Romania, where the first objects associated with this culture were discovered in 1884 and excavations started in 1909. Cucuteni is a village in Iaşi County, Romania, having a population of 1450 Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/ or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. In 1897, similar objects were excavated in Trypillia (Трипiлля; Russian: Tripolye), Kiev Governorate, Ukraine. Trypillia (Трипiлля Триполье Tripolye) is a village in Ukraine in Kiev Oblast with 2800 inhabitants (as of 1 January Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the As a result, the culture has been known in Soviet, Russian, and Ukrainian publications as Tripolie culture or Tripolian culture. A compromise name is Cucuteni-Trypillia.
Extent
As of 2003, about 2000 sites of Cucuteni-Trypillian culture have been identified in Romania, Ukraine, and Moldova. J. P. Mallory reports that the
culture is attested from well over a thousand sites in the form of everything from small villages to vast settlements comprised of hundreds of dwellings surrounded by multiple ditches[1]
It was centered on the middle to upper Dniester River (in the present-day Republic of Moldova) with an extension in the northeast to as far as the Dnieper. The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania For the rocket see Dnepr rocket. For other uses see Dnieper (disambiguation.
The largest cities
Talianki whit up to 15,000 citizens and covered a area of 450 ha and 2700 houses, 3700 BC. Talianki ( Tallianki Tal'anky) Umanskyi Raion, Ukraine is a 4th millennium BC site of the Trypillian culture.
Dobrovody up to 10,000 citizens and covered a area of 2,5 square km and fortified 3800 BC. Dobrovody, Ukraine is a 4th millennium BC site of the Trypillian culture with up to 10000 citizens
Maydanets up to 10,000 citizens, area 250 ha, 1575 houses, 3700 BC. Maydanets, Ukraine is a 4th millennium BC site of the Trypillian culture with up to 10000 citizens total, the total areas is Approximately 250 ha settlement
Features
The largest collection of artifacts from the Cucuteni-Trypollia culture can be found in museums in Russia, Ukraine, and Romania, including the Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg and the Museum of History & Archaeology in Piatra Neamţ. The State Hermitage Museum (Государственный Эрмитаж Gosudarstvennyj Èrmitaž) in Saint Petersburg, Russia is one of the largest Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River The History & Archaeology Museum in Piatra Neamţ, Romania was founded at the beginning of the 20th century by Constantin Matasă, minister and amateur Piatra Neamţ (pronunciation in Romanian: /'pjatra 'něamʦ/ (population over 110000 is the capital city of Neamţ County, in the historical region of Moldavia
The Cucuteni-Tripolye culture has been called the first urban culture in Europe. The Trypollia settlements were usually located on a plateau, fortified with earthworks and ditches. The earliest villages consisted of ten to fifteen households. In their heyday, settlements expanded to include several hundred large adobe huts, sometimes with two stories. These houses were typically warmed by an oven and had round windows.
Agriculture is attested to, as well as livestock-raising, mainly consisting of cattle, but goats/sheep and swine are also evidenced. Wild game is a regular part of the faunal remains. The pottery is connected to the Linear Pottery culture. Copper was extensively imported from the Balkans. Extant figurines excavated at the Cucuteni sites are thought to represent the Mother goddess. A mother goddess is a Goddess, often portrayed as the Earth Mother who serves as a general Fertility deity the bountiful embodiment of the Earth.
Notes
- ^ Mallory (1997).
References
J. P. Mallory, "Tripolye Culture", Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997. James Patrick Mallory is an Irish-American archaeologist and Indo-Europeanist. The Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture is an Encyclopedia of Indo-European studies and the Proto-Indo-Europeans.
See also
External links
- Cucuteni culture
- Dacian Museum
- Tripillian civilization homepage
- [1]Трипільська культура в Україні» з колекції «Платар» Platar Collection
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