Cuckoo clock, a so-called Jagdstück, Black Forest, ca. 1900, Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. 2006-013

A cuckoo clock is a clock, typically pendulum driven, that strikes the hours using small bellows and pipes that imitate the call of the Common Cuckoo in addition to striking a wire gong. Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. A pendulum clock is a Clock that uses a Pendulum, a swinging weight as its Timekeeping element A striking clock is a Clock that sounds the Hours audibly on a bell or Gong. The Common Cuckoo ( Cuculus canorus) (formerly European Cuckoo is a member of the Cuckoo order of Birds the Cuculiformes which also includes the This article is about the Internet Protocol Television channel The mechanism to produce the cuckoo call was installed in almost every kind of cuckoo clock since the middle of the eighteenth century and has remained almost without variation until the present.

Characteristics

One of the world's largest cuckoo clock in the shape of a Black Forest house (Schonachbach)

One of two Cuckoo pipes

Sound producer

The design of a cuckoo clock is now conventional. Most are made in the "traditional style" (also known as "carved") or "chalet" to hang on a wall. CHALET is a mnemonic indicating a protocol used by Emergency services to report situations which they may be faced with especially as it relates to major incidents In the "traditional style" the wooden case is decorated with carved leaves and animals. Most now have an automaton of the bird that appears through a small trap door while the clock is striking. This article is about a self-operating machine For other uses of Automaton see Automaton (disambiguation or Automata (disambiguation. The bird is often made to move while the clock strikes, typically by means of an arm that lifts the back of the carving.

There are two kinds of movements: a one-day movement and an eight-day movement. Some have musical movements, and play a tune on a Swiss music box after striking the hours and half-hours. The melody sounds only at full hours in the eight-day clocks and both at full hours and half hours in one-day clocks. Musical cuckoo clocks frequently have other automatisms which move when the music box plays. Today's cuckoo clocks are almost always weight driven, a very few are spring driven. The weights are made of cast iron in a pine cone shape and the "cuc-koo" sound is created by two tiny gedackt (pipes) in the clock, with bellows attached to their bottoms. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers Gedackt (also spelled gedeckt) is the name of a family of stops in Pipe organ building The clock's mechanism activates the bellows to send a puff of air into each pipe alternately when the clock strikes.

In recent years, quartz battery-powered cuckoo clocks have been available. A quartz clock is a Clock that uses an Electronic oscillator that is regulated by a Quartz crystal to keep time These do not have genuine cuckoo bellows. The cuckoo bird flaps its wings as it calls to the sound of running water in the background. The call is an actual recording of a cuckoo in the wild. During the cuckoo call the double doors open and the cuckoo emerges only at full hour, and they do not have a gong wire. One thing that is unique about the quartz cuckoos is that it has a light sensor, so when you turn your lights off at night, it automatically turns off the cuckoo call. The weights are conventionally cast in the shape of pine cones made of plastic, as well as the cuckoo bird and hands. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers The pendulum bob is often another carved leaf. A pendulum is a mass that is attached to a pivot from which it can swing freely The dial is usually small, and typically marked with Roman numerals. Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals.

History

Mechanical cuckoo, 1650

The first cuckoo clocks

In 1629, many decades before clockmaking was established in the Black Forest,^[1] an Augsburg nobleman by the name of Philipp Hainhofer (1578-1647) penned the first known description of a cuckoo clock. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Augsburg is an independent City in the south-west of Bavaria. Philipp Hainhofer ( 21 July 1578 &ndash 1647 was a merchant banker diplomat and art collector in Augsburg. ^[2] The clock belonged to Prince Elector August von Sachsen.

In a widely known handbook on music "Musurgia Universalis" (1650), the scholar Athanasius Kircher describes a mechanical organ with several automated figures, including a mechanical cuckoo. Athanasius Kircher (sometimes erroneously spelled Kirchner) was a 17th century German Jesuit Scholar who published around 40 works most This book contains the first documented description -in words and pictures- of how a mechanical cuckoo works. ^[3] We must assume that Kircher did not invent the cuckoo mechanism, because this book, like his other works, is a compilation of known facts into a handbook for reference purposes. The engraving clearly shows all the elements of a mechanical cuckoo. The bird automatically opens its beak and moves both its wings and tail. Simultaneously, we hear the call of the cuckoo, created by two organ pipes, tuned to a minor or major third. There is only one fundamental difference from the Black Forest-type cuckoo mechanism: The functions of Kircher's bird are not governed by a count wheel in a strike train; a pinned program barrel synchronizes the movements and sounds of the bird.

In 1669 Domenico Martinelli, in his handbook on elementary clocks "Horologi Elementari", suggests using the call of the cuckoo to indicate the hours. ^[4] Starting at that time the mechanism of the cuckoo clock was known. Any mechanic or clockmaker, who could read Latin or Italian, knew after reading the books that it was quite doable to have the cuckoo announce the hours.

Subsequently, cuckoo clocks appeared in regions that had not been known for their clockmaking.

A few decades later, people in the Black Forest started to build cuckoo clocks.

The first cuckoo clocks made in the Black Forest

It is not clear who built the first cuckoo clocks in the Black Forest^[5] but there is unanimity that the unusual clock with the bird call very quickly conquered the region. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Already by the middle of the eighteenth century, several small clockmaking shops produced cuckoo clocks with wooden gears. So the first Black Forest cuckoo clocks were created between 1740/50. They had hand-painted shields.

It is hard to judge how large the proportion of cuckoo clocks was among the total production of modern movement Black Forest clocks. Based on the proportions of pieces surviving to the present, it must have been a small fraction of the total production. ^[6]

About its murky origins, there are two main fables from the first two chroniclers of Black Forest horology which tell contradicting stories about the origin of the cuckoo clock:

The first is from Father Franz Steyrer, written in his "Geshichte der Schwarzwälder Uhrmacherkunst" (History of Clockmaking in the Black Forest) in 1796. He describes a meeting between two clock peddlers from Furtwangen (Black Forest) who met a travelling Bohemian merchant who sold wooden cuckoo clocks. Both the Furtwangen traders were so excited that they bought one. On bringing it home they copied it and showed their imitation to other Black Forest clock traders. Its popularity grew in the region and more and more clockmakers started producing them. With regard to this chronicle, the historian Adolf Kistner claimed in his book "Die Schwarzwälder Uhr" (The Black Forest Clock) published in 1927, that there is not any Bohemian cuckoo clock in existence to verify the thesis that this clock was used as a sample to copy and produce Black Forest cuckoo clocks. Bohemia had no fundamental clockmaking industry during this period.

The second story is related by another priest, Markus Fidelis Jäck, in a passage from his report "Darstellungen aus der Industrie und des Verkehrs aus dem Schwarzwald" (Description of Industry and Commerce of the Black Forest), (1810): "The cuckoo clock was invented (in 1730) by a clock-master (Franz Anton Ketterer) from Schönwald (Black Forest). This craftsman adorned a clock with a moving bird that announced the hour with the cuckoo-call. The clock-master got the idea of how to make the cuckoo-call from the bellows of a church organ". As time went on, the second version became the more popular, and is the one generally related today. Unfortunately, neither Steyrer nor Jäck quote any sources for their claims, making them unverifiable.

Early cuckoo clock, Black Forest, 1760-1780 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. 03-2002)

On the other hand R. Dorer pointed out, in 1948, that Franz Anton Ketterer (1734 - 1806) could not have been the inventor of the cuckoo clock in 1730 because he hadn't then been born. Gerd Bender in the most recent edition of the first volume of his work "Die Uhrenmacher des hohen Schwarzwaldes und ihre Werke" (The Clockmakers of the High Black Forest and their Works) (1998) wrote that the cuckoo clock was not native to the Black Forest and also stated that: "There are no traces of the first production line of cuckoo clocks made by Ketterer". Schaaf in "Schwarzwalduhren" (Black Forest Clocks) (1995), provides his own research which leads to the earliest cuckoos being in the "Franken-Niederbayern" area (East of Germany), in the direction of Bohemia (a region of the Czech Republic), which he notes, lends credence to the Steyrer version. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the

The legend that the cuckoo clock was invented by a clever Black Forest mechanic in 1730 (Franz Anton Ketterer) keeps being told over and over again. But all of this is not true. ^[7] The cuckoo clock is much older than clockmaking in the Black Forest. As early as 1650 the bird with the distinctive call was part of the reference book knowledge recorded in handbooks. It took nearly a century for the cuckoo clock to find its way to the Black Forest, where for many decades it remained a tiny niche product.

Although the idea of placing a cuckoo bird in a clock did not originate in the Black Forest, it is necessary to emphasize that the cuckoo clock as we know it today, comes from this region located in southwest Germany whose tradition of clockmaking started in the late seventeenth century. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Black Forest people who created the cuckoo clock industry developed it, and still come up with new designs and technical improvements which have made the cuckoo clock a valued work of art all over the world. The cuckoo clock history is linked to the Black Forest.

Even though the functionality of the cuckoo mechanism has remained basically unchanged, the appearance has changed as case designs and clock movements evolved in the Black Forest. In the beginning of the 19th century the now traditional Black Forest clock design, the "Schilduhr" (Shield-clock), was characterized by having a painted flat square wooden face behind which all the clockwork was attached. On top of the square was usually a semicircle of highly decorated wood which contained the door for the cuckoo. There was no cabinet surrounding the clockwork in this model. This design was the most prevalent between the end of the eighteenth century and the first half of the nineteenth century. These clocks were typically sold from door to door by "Uhrenträger" (Clock-peddlers) who would carry the dials and movements on their backs displayed on huge backpacks.

About the middle of the nineteenth century till the 1870s, cuckoo clocks were also manufactured in the Black Forest type of clock known as "Rahmenuhr" (Framed-clock). As the name suggests, this scarce cuckoo clocks consisted of a picture frame, usually with a typical Black Forest scene painted on a wooden background, lithography and screen-printing were other techniques used. Lithography is a method for Printing using a plate or stone with a completely smooth surface Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a woven mesh to support an ink blocking stencil Other common themes depicted were; hunting, love, family, death, birth, mythology, military and christian religious scenes. The painting was almost always protected by a glass and some models displayed a person or an animal with flirty eyes as well, being operated by a simple mechanism worked by means of the pendulum swinging. Most of them were wall clocks but a few were mantel clocks. The cuckoo normally took part in the scene painted, and would pop out in 3D, as usual, to announce the hour.

During the Victorian era until the twenties and according to the decorative tastes prevailing in each moment, when bourgeoises began to buy clocks in Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Neoclassical, Biedermeier (some models also included a painting of a person or animal with flirty eyes), Art Nouveau cases, etc. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities , cuckoo clocks were made in the same style too. These Black Forest clocks, based on both architectural and home decorative styles, are much rarer than the popular ones looking like gatekeeper-houses (Bahnhäusle style clocks) and they could be mantel, wall or bracket clocks.

But the popular house-shaped Bahnhäusleuhr (Railroad house clock) virtually forced the discontinuation of other designs within a few years.

1850 – The Bahnhäusle clock, a design of the century from Furtwangen

Left: Railway-house clock by Friedrich Eisenlohr, 1850-1851; right: Kreuzer, Glatz & Co. , Furtwangen, 1853-1854 (Deutsches Uhrenmuseum, Inv. 2003-081)

In September of 1850, the first director of the Grand Duchy of Baden Clockmakers School in Furtwangen, Robert Gerwig, launched a public competition to submit designs for modern clockcases, which would allow homemade products to attain a professional appearance. Furtwangen im Schwarzwald is a small city located in the Black Forest region of south western Germany. Robert Gerwig ( May 2 1820 &ndash December 6 1885) was a German Civil engineer. Friedrich Eisenlohr (1805-1854), who as an architect had been responsible for creating the buildings along the then new and first railroad line, submitted the most far-reaching design. ^[8] Eisenlohr enhanced the facade of a standard railroad-guard’s residence, as he had built many of them, with a clock dial. His "Wallclock with shield decorated by ivy vines," (in reality the ornament is grapevines and not ivy) as it is referred to in a surviving, handwritten report from the Clockmakers School from 1851 or 1852, became the prototype of today’s popular Souvenir cuckoo clocks.

Eisenlohr was also up-to-date stylistically. He was inspired by local images; rather than copying them slavishly, he modified them. Contrary to most present-day cuckoo clocks, his case features light, unstained wood and is decorated with symmetrical, flat fretwork ornaments.

Eisenlohr's idea became an instant hit, because the modern design of the Bahnhäusle clock appealed to the decorating tastes of the growing bourgeoisie and thereby tapped into new and growing markets.

Characteristically, the makers of the first Bahnhäusle clocks deviated from Eisenlohr's sketch in only one way: they left out the cuckoo mechanism. Unlike today, the design with the little house was not synonymous with a cuckoo clock in the first years after 1850. This is another indication that at that time cuckoo clocks could not have been an important market segment.

Only in December 1854, Johann Baptist Beha, the best known maker of cuckoo clocks of his time, sold two cuckoo clocks, with an oil paintings on their fronts, to the Furtwangen clock dealer Gordian Hettich, which were described as Bahnhöfle Uhren ("Railroad station" clocks). ^[9] More than a year later, on January 20, 1856, another respected Furtwangen-based cuckoo clockmaker, Theodor Ketterer, sold one to Joseph Ruff in Glasgow (Scotland, United Kingdom). Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Concurrently with Beha and Ketterer, other Black Forest clockmakers must have started to equip Bahnhäusle clocks with cuckoo mechanisms to satisfy the rapidly growing demand for this type of clock. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. Starting in the mid-1850s there was a real boom in this market.

By 1860, the Bahnhäusle style had started to develop away from its original, “severe” graphic form, and evolve, among other designs, toward the well-known case with three-dimensional woodcarvings, like the "Jagdstück" (Hunt piece, design created in Furtwangen in 1861), a cuckoo clock with carved oak foliage and hunting motives, such as trophy animals, guns and powder pouches. ^[10]

By 1862 the reputed clockmaker Johann Baptist Beha, started to enhance his richly decorated Bahnhäusle clocks with hands carved from bone and weights cast in the shape of fir cones. ^[11] Even today this combination of elements is characteristic for cuckoo clocks, although the hands are usually made of wood or plastic, white celluloid was employed in the past too. As for the weights, there was during this second half of the nineteenth century, a few models which featured a curious weights cast in the shape of a Gnome. A gnome is a Mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean lifestyle

Only ten years after its invention by Friedrich Eisenlohr, all variations of the house-theme had reached maturity. Some Bahnhäusle clocks and its derived were manufactured as mantel clocks as well but not as many as the wall versions.

The basic cuckoo clock of today is the railway-house (Bahnhäusle) form, still with its rich ornamentation, and these are known under the name of "traditional"; which display carved leaves, birds, deer heads (like the Jagdstück design), other animals, etc. The richly decorated Bahnhäusle clocks have become a symbol of the Black Forest that is instantly understood anywhere in the world.

Even today is a favourite souvenir of travelers in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The centre of production continues to be the Black Forest region of Germany, in the area of Schonach and Titisee-Neustadt, where there are several dozen firms making the whole clock or parts of it. Schonach im Schwarzwald is a town in the district of Schwarzwald-Baar in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Titisee-Neustadt is a city in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.

The cuckoo clock is often wrongly associated with Switzerland, as in the movie The Third Man. The Third Man ( is an award-winning British Film noir directed by Carol Reed and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, In the USA, this error is probably due to a story by Mark Twain in which the hero depicts the Swiss town of Lucerne as the home of cuckoo clocks. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30 1835 – April 21 1910 better known by the Pen name Mark Twain, was an American Humorist, satirist Lucerne ( Italian Lucerna) is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne

The cuckoo clock became successful and world famous after Friedrich Eisenlohr contributed the Bahnhäusle design to the 1850 competition at the Furtwangen Clockmakers School.

The "Chalet" style, the Swiss contribution

The "Chalet" style originated at the end of the nineteenth century in Switzerland, at that time they were highly valued as Swiss souvenirs.

There are currently three basic styles, according to the different traditional houses depicted: Black Forest chalet, Swiss chalet (with two types the "Brienz" and the "Emmental") and finally the Bavarian chalet. Commonly found in the latter type of clock, is the incorporation of a Swiss music box, the most popular melodies are "The Happy Wanderer" and "Edelweiss" which sound alternately. " The Happy Wanderer " (" Der fröhliche Wanderer " or " Mein Vater war ein Wandersmann " is a Popular song by Friedrich-Wilhelm "Edelweiss" is a Show tune from the 1959 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical The Sound of Music. Along with the common projecting cuckoo bird, this style of clock may also display other types of animated figurines as well, examples include woodcutters, moving beer drinkers and turning water wheels. Some "traditional" style cuckoo clocks feature a music box and dancing figurines as well.

The cuckoo clock in culture

Literature

Since its popularization, from the 1850s on, the cuckoo clock has been a common character in children's literature, comics and cartoons, for educational and/or entertainment purposes. Children's literature is an age category of literature written for published for or marketed to Children roughly through age 12 Comics (via Latin from the Greek "" kōmikos, of or pertaining to "comedy" from kōmos "revel" An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer All this is due to children are usually enchanted by the “magic” of a happy bird which lives in a house-shaped clock and pops out to announce the hours. In literature for children examples include:

• "The Cuckoo Clock", by Mrs. Molesworth and first published in Edinburgh (Scotland, U. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Mary Louisa Molesworth ( 29 May, 1839 &ndash 20 January, 1921) was a Scottish writer Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. K. ) in 1877, which is the best-known and one of her most celebrated novels for children. ^[12]
• "The Story of a Cuckoo Clock" (1887), by Robina F. Hardy.
• "The Cuckoo in the Clock", a story by Enid Blyton, first published in the book "Round the Clock Stories" in 1945. Enid Mary Blyton ( August 11 1897 &ndash November 28 1968) was a British children's writer. ^[13]
• "Curly Cobbler and the Cuckoo Clock" (1950), written and illustrated by Margaret Tempest.
• "The Happy Hollisters", a book series by Andrew E. Svenson whose number twenty-four is "The Happy Hollisters and the Cuckoo Clock Mistery" (1956). The Happy Hollisters is a series of books about a family who loves to solve mysteries Andrew E Svenson ( May 8, 1910 &ndash August 21, 1975) was an American children's author, Publisher, and
• "Barnaby's Cuckoo Clock" (Tales of Hopping Wood) (published in 1958), text and illustrations by Rene Cloke.
• "The Late Cuckoo" (1962), text and art by Louis Slobodkin. Louis Slobodkin ( February 19, 1903 –May 1975 born in Albany New York was a sculptor author and illustrator of numerous children's books
• "Hildy and the Cuckoo Clock" (1966), by Ruth Christoffer Carlsen, illustrations by Wallace Tripp. Wallace Tripp is a popular American illustrator and author He is perhaps best known for his illustrations of the Amelia Bedelia series of children's stories
• "Peter Nick-Nock and the Cuckoo Clock" (1971), authored by Dorothy Edwards, illustrations by Alexy Pendle. Dorothy Edwards ( 6 November 1914 &ndash 1982 was a British Children's Writer.
• "Cuckoo Clock Island" (1974), author; Frances Eagar, art by Ann Strugnell.
• "The Cuckoo Clock" (1986), by Mary Stolz and Pamela Johnson (illustrator). Mary Stolz (born Mary Slattery, March 24, 1920 &ndash December 15, 2006) was an American writer of young adult fiction
• "Sam Pig and the Cuckoo Clock" (published in 1988), written by Alison Uttley and illustrated by Graham Percy. Alison Uttley ( 17 December, 1884 &ndash 7 May 1976) née Alice Jane Taylor was a prolific British writer of over 100 books Graham Percy ( June 7, 1938 &ndash January 4, 2008) was a noted illustrator of children's books Etc.

There is also a novel called "The Cuckoo Clock" (1946) by Milton K. Ozaki. Milton K Ozaki ( June 14, 1913 - November 7, 1989) born in Wisconsin from a Japanese father (Jingaro Ozaki who later changed his

Poetry

In poetry can be quoted both two poems and two poetry books with the title “The Cuckoo Clock", which were authored, the first one by the major English poet William Wordsworth^[14] between 1836 - 1842, first published in "Poems chiefly of Early and Late Years" (1842),^[15] the second one by the American writer and publisher John Chipman Farrar, contained in his booklet "Songs for Parents"^[16] published in 1921 and finally the poem books by the Scottish poet and writer Andrew Young (1922) and the Irish Shane Leslie's "The Cuckoo Clock and Other Poems" published in 1987. John Chipman Farrar (1896-1974 was an American writer and publisher This page is not about the poet Andrew Young (1823 - 1901 ---- Andrew John Young ( 29 April, 1885 – November 25, 1971 Sir John Randolph Leslie 3rd Baronet, generally known as Shane Leslie, ( 24 September 1885 &ndash 14 August 1971) an Irish

There are two poems which share the same name too, it is "My Cuckoo Clock", composed by William John Chamberlayne,^[17] included in the book of poems "The Enchanted Land" in 1892 and the other one by Robert W. Service,^[18] published in the book "Carols of an Old Codger" (1954). Robert William Service ( January 16, 1874 &ndash September 11, 1958) was a poet and writer

Music

When it comes to the art of music, there is a musical work of the Spanish composer, conductor and violinist Tomás Bretón entitled "El reloj de cuco" (The Cuckoo Clock) (1898), a one-act Comedy Zarzuela divided into three scenes prose, libretto by Manuel de Labra and Enrique Ayuso. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Tomás Bretón ( December 29, 1850 – December 2, 1923) was a Spanish musician and composer Zarzuela (θarˈθwela in Spain in Latin America is a Spanish lyric-dramatic genre that alternates between spoken and sung scenes the latter incorporating Operatic A libretto is the text used in an extended Musical work such as an Opera, Operetta, Masque, sacred or secular Oratorio and Other classical music pieces are;

• "The Cuckoo Clock" (1920), by Leopold Godowsky, the composition number twenty-six from his thirty pieces suite for piano called “Triakontameron". Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Leopold Godowsky (Leopold Godowski ( February 13, 1870 &ndash November 21, 1938) was a famed Polish - American pianist composer In Music, a suite is an ordered set of Instrumental or Orchestral pieces normally performed in a Concert The Triakontameron is a suite of 30 pieces for Piano composed in 1920 by Leopold Godowsky; each was written in a single day and all are written in
• "The Cuckoo Clock" (1932), a song for piano and vocal by Thomas Griselle and Victor Young. Not to be confused with the actor Victor Sen Yung who was sometimes billed as Victor Young Victor Young ( August 8, 1900 - It was recorded in 1934, performed by the soprano Rosa Ponselle and conducted by Andre Kostelanetz. This article is related to a series of articles under the main article Voice type. WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Rosa Ponselle ( January 22, 1897 &ndash May 25, 1981 André Kostelanetz (Russian Андрей Костеланец December 22, 1901, St
• "The Cuckoo in the Clock" (published in 1957), a piano solo piece by William Scher.

And the compositions used for piano and string students (or for family entertainment) such as:

• "The Old Cuckoo Clock", by Nina Batschinskaja, for piano solo.
• "Cuckoo Clock Piano Duet", by Stuart Young.
• "The Cuckoo Clock" (2003), composed by Lauren Bernofsky for elementary string orchestra. Dr Lauren Bernofsky (b 1967 Rochester MN is a Baltimore area Composer of songs Choral music, Chamber music, and Orchestral music
• "The Cuckoo Clock Duet" (2005), by Andy Beck, for 2-part voices and piano.
• "Cuckoo Clock" (2006), by Deborah Ellis Suarez, piano solo.

In popular music, serve as examples the Christmas carol "The Cuckoo Clock"^[19] by James Hipkins and contained in the weekly British music journal "The Musical World"^[20] in 1856, the song "The Cuckoo Clock" (published in April 1909 in “The Ladies' Home Journal),^[21] music by Louis R. Popular music is Music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more A Christmas carol (also called a Noël) is a carol ( Song or Hymn) whose lyrics are on the theme of Christmas, or the winter Ladies' Home Journal is a Magazine which first appeared February 16, 1883 and eventually became one of the leading magazines of the 20th Century Dressler and words by William Henry Gardner, the ballad "The Cuckoo Clock" (1916) chanted by Lucy Gates (soprano),^[22] and "Cuckoo in the clock" (words by Johnny Mercer and music by Walter Donaldson) recorded by the Glenn Miller orchestra and vocals by Marion Hutton, which became a popular 1939 song in the U. A ballad is a Poem usually set to Music; thus it often is a story told in a Song. John Herndon "Johnny" Mercer ( November 18, 1909 – June 25, 1976) was an American Songwriter and Singer This article is on the American songwriter For the snooker player see Walter Donaldson (snooker player. Alton Glenn Miller ( March 1 1904 &ndash presumably December 15 1944) was an American Jazz musician and Marion Thornburg, better known as Marion Hutton ( 10 March 1919, Battle Creek Michigan - 10 January 1987, Kirkland Events Publication of Music Here and Now, book by Ernst Krenek March 23 – Béla Bartók 's Violin Concerto S. To say that the hit was also performed by Johnny Mercer, Bobby Troup, Lena Horne, Sully Mason, Steve Jordan, Mildred Bailey and Martha Tilton. Bobby Troup ( October 18 1918 - February 7 1999) was an American Actor, Jazz Pianist and Songwriter Lena Mary Calhoun Horne (born June 30, 1917) is an iconic American singer and Actress. Steve Jordan is an American multi-instrumentalist songwriter and music producer from New York City. Mildred Bailey ( February 27 1907 &ndash December 12 1951) was a popular American Jazz Singer during the 1930s Martha Tilton ( November 14 1915, Corpus Christi Texas - December 8 2006, Brentwood California) was an American popular ^[23]

Years later, in 1962, The Beach Boys released their album "Surfin' Safari" including the theme "Cuckoo Clock". The Beach Boys is an American rock band Formed in 1961 the group gained popularity for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting a California Youth culture Surfin' Safari is the debut album by The Beach Boys, released in 1962 "Cuckoo Clock" is a song written by Brian Wilson and Gary Usher for the American pop band The Beach Boys. Another example in popular music is Fernando Olvera, the vocalist and leader of the Mexican pop-rock band Maná, who composed one of their most popular and emotive songs “El reloj cucú” (The Cuckoo Clock), from their album “Cuando los ángeles lloran” (1995), nominated for a 1996 Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Performance. Maná is a popular Mexican pop/rock band from Guadalajara whose career has spanned almost three decades Cuando los Ángeles Lloran (English When the Angels Cry) is the eighth album and fourth studio album by the Latin American Mexican rock The Grammy Awards (originally called the Gramophone Awards)—or Grammys —are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences

Sculpture

In the art of sculpture exist two pieces titled "Cuckoo Clock", the first one was cast in bronze in 1991 by the Hungarian sculptor Armand Gilanyi and the second one in Styrofoam and acrylic paint by the American artist Bill Davenport (2005).

Painting

With regard to this art the cuckoo clock has been depicted in paintings like; "The Fiddler" (1932),^[24] an oil on canvas by the Irish painter Leo Whelan, "Old Samovar and Cuckoo Clock" (1997), a cubist watercolor by the Russian Boris Smirnoff and "The Cuckoo Clock" (2007), oil on canvas painted by the American artist Ann Elizabeth Schlegel. Boris Smirnoff (1903 Russia) - is oldest of living artists of Russian avant-gardism nowadays

Graphic arts

In the field of graphic arts, in addition to the illustrators already quoted in the Literature section, it is worth to be mentioned a cuckoo clock plate of the British artist Walter Crane for Mrs. Graphic arts is a term applied historically to the art of Printmaking and Drawing. Walter Crane (15 August 1845 &ndash 14 March 1915 was an English artist and book illustrator Molesworth's book "The Cuckoo Clock", as well as the pictures created by different illustrators for the various editions of the novel, such as; Charles Copeland (1895), Maria L. Charles Copeland (1858–1945 was an American book Illustrator active from about 1887 until about 1940 Kirk (1914), Florence White Williams (1927), C. E. Brock (1931) and E. H. Shepard for the 1954 edition. Charles Edmund Brock (1870 - 1938 was a widely published English Line artist and book Illustrator, who signed his work C Ernest Howard Shepard ( December 10, 1879 – March 24, 1976) was an English Artist and book Illustrator. Also the print by the American painter and illustrator Norman Rockwell "Courting at Midnight" (1919) display this clock. Norman Percevel Rockwell ( February 3, 1894 &ndash November 8, 1978) was a 20th century American painter and Illustrator

On the other hand it has been drawn by cartoonists such as Vahan Shirvanian in his gag cartoon "Cat Hunting in a Cuckoo Clock", Edward McLahlan's "Cuckoo Clock Judge", Dan Reynolds in "Clown's Cuckoo Clock", etc. A cartoonist is a person who specializes in drawing Cartoons Traditionally much of this work was and still is humorous and is intended primarily for entertainment purposes Vahan Shirvanian is a Cartoonist. He received the National Cartoonist Society Gag Cartoon Award in 1959 for his work A gag cartoon is a single-panel Cartoon, usually including a written caption that appears beneath the drawing most often published in magazines ^[25]

Animation

As animated cartoon can be seen in series, shorts and feature films (many made during The Golden Age of Hollywood animation) such as:

• Flip the Frog, "The Cuckoo Murder Case" (1930), by Ub Iwerks. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Flip the Frog is an animated cartoon character created by American cartoonist Ub Iwerks. Ub Iwerks, ASC ( Ubbe Ert Iwwerks) ( 24 March 1901 &ndash 7 July 1971) was a two-time Academy Award winning
• Betty Boop, "Ha! Ha! Ha!" (1934), by Max Fleischer. Betty Boop is an animated Cartoon character appearing in the Talkartoon and Betty Boop series of films produced by Ha! Ha! Ha! is a 1934 Fleischer Studio Animated short film starring Betty Boop, and featuring Koko the Clown. Max Fleischer ( July 19, 1883 – September 11, 1972) was an important Austrian American pioneer in the development of the
• Merrie Melodies; "Little Dutch Plate" (1935), by Friz Freleng, "Cinderella Meets Fella" (1938), animation by Virgil Walter Ross, etc. Merrie Melodies is the name of a series of animated cartoons distributed by Warner Bros Isadore "Friz" Freleng ( August 21, 1906  &ndash May 26, 1995) was an Animator, Cartoonist, director Virgil Walter Ross ( August 8, 1907 &ndash May 15, 1996) was an American artist cartoonist and animator best known for his work on the Cuckoo clocks abound in Warner Bros. cartoons. Warner Bros Entertainment Inc (or Warner Bros, Warner Bros Pictures) is one of the world's largest producers of Film and
• "Charlie Cuckoo" (1939) and Woody Woodpecker's "The Coo Coo Bird" (1947) or "Calling All Cuckoos" (1956), by Walter Lantz. Woody Woodpecker is an animated cartoon character, an Anthropomorphic Woodpecker who appeared in theatrical Short films produced Walter Benjamin Lantz ( April 27 1899 &ndash March 22 1994) was an American Cartoonist and Animator, best
• "Pinocchio" (1940), Walt Disney. Pinocchio is the second Animated feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics.
• Tom and Jerry, "Dog Trouble" (1942), by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera. Tom and Jerry is a series of theatrical Short subjects (cartoons created by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Dog Trouble is a 1942 one-reel Animated cartoon and is the 5th Tom and Jerry short. William Denby "Bill" Hanna (July 14 1910 – March 22 2001 was an influential American Animator, director, producer, Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (; March 24 1911 – December 18 2006 was an influential American Animator, director, producer
• Popeye, "Ration fer the Duration" (1943), character created by Elzie Crisler Segar. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows Elzie Crisler Segar ( December 8, 1894 &ndash October 13, 1938) was an American Cartoonist, best known as the creator of
• "The Bored Cuckoo" (1948), by Bill Tytla. Vladimir Peter Tytla ( October 25 1904 &ndash December 30 1968) was one of the original Disney Animators and is considered
• "The Cuckoo Clock" (1950), by Tex Avery. Frederick Bean "Fred/Tex" Avery ( February 26, 1908 &ndash August 26, 1980) was an American
• Secret Squirrel, "Cuckoo Clock Cuckoo" (1965), by Hanna-Barbera. Secret Squirrel is a Cartoon Squirrel created by Hanna-Barbera.
• Pink Panther, "In the Pink of the Night" (1969), by David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng. The Pink Panther cartoon character is the main character in a series of animated short films. David Hudson DePatie (b May 26, 1935) was the last executive in charge of the original classic Warner Brothers cartoon studio and was charged with
• Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines, "The Cuckoo Patrol" (1969), produced by Hanna-Barbera. Dastardly and Muttley in Their Flying Machines was a Saturday morning cartoon produced by Hanna-Barbera Productions for CBS from September Etcetera.

Based on a composition by the musician Stephen Coates from The Real Tuesday Weld, the animated music video "Bathtime in Clerkenwell" (2003) directed by Alex Budovsky and being about "The Great Revolution of the British Cuckoos taking over London", won the next awards: The Grand Jury Award for the best animated short at Florida Film Festival 2003, The Best of Show Award from ASIFA-East 2003, the 2004 best animated short at Sundance and the 2004 Sundance Online Film Festival Viewers Award in the animation category. The Real Tuesday Weld are a British band fronted by lead singer and founder Stephen Coates The Florida Film Festival, produced by Enzian Theater in Maitland Florida, is an annual international Film festival. The International Animated Film Association (Association International du Film d'Animation or ASIFA is an international non-profit organization The Sundance Film Festival is a Film festival that takes place annually in the state of Utah, in the United States.

Lately it is used on computer animation with the objective of telling a story, entertaining and/or commercializing a product. As examples are the French short films "Coucou clock" (2005) and "L'engrenage" (2007) or the stories of "Jack the Cuckoo" (2005), awarded with the Best Viral Marketing campaign (2006),^[26] in the area of Internet and Multimedia, in the tenth edition of the Italian awards Mediastars, the authoritative national event dedicated to advertising, corporate design and multi-media communications campaigns. Viral marketing and viral advertising refer to Marketing techniques that use pre-existing Social networks to produce increases in Brand awareness The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks Multimedia is media and content that utilizes a combination of different content forms.

Theatre

In the drama in two acts "Ganksklukka" (The Cuckoo Clock) (1962), by the Icelandic dramatist, writer and poet Agnar Thórdarson, the author presents a powerful play on the dehumanizing effect of modern life. Drama is the specific mode of Fiction represented in Performance. ^[27]

Cinema

As the seventh art, the cuckoo clock (and its variant cuckoo and quail clock) has figured in different movies through the history of cinema. Examples include:

• "The Cuckoo Clock" (1912), a short film with Edward P. Sullivan, Julia Hurley and Charles Herman.
• "M" (1931), by Fritz Lang. Friedrich Christian Anton "Fritz" Lang ( December 5, 1890 &ndash August 2, 1976) was an Austrian German - American
• Laurel and Hardy's short "Dirty Work" (1933), by Lloyd French. Laurel and Hardy were the popular American -based comedy team of thin British-born Stan Laurel (1890-1965 and heavy American-born Oliver Hardy (1892-1957 Dirty Work is a Laurel and Hardy Short film comedy made in 1933. Lloyd French, (1900 - 1950 was an American director of Short films, most of them Comedies.
• "The Third Man" (1949), directed by Carol Reed, where it is mentioned in the next famous dialogue from the film; “In Italy for thirty years under the Borgias they had warfare, terror, murder and bloodshed but they produced Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and the Renaissance. The Third Man ( is an award-winning British Film noir directed by Carol Reed and starring Joseph Cotten, Alida Valli, For the New York weathercaster see Carol Reed (weather broadcaster. In Switzerland, they had brotherly love, they had five hundred years of democracy and peace and what did that produce? The cuckoo clock. ” This remark was not originally in the script by Graham Greene but an Orson Welles' contribution and whose speech it had been already said years back by the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, although the cuckoo clock was not invented in Switzerland. Henry Graham Greene OM, CH (2 October 1904 &ndash 3 April 1991 was an English writer best known as a novelist but who also produced Short stories George Orson Welles (May 6 1915 – October 10 1985 was an Academy Award -winning director, writer actor and producer for film stage radio and television
• "Invasion of the Body Snatchers" (1956), a science fiction film directed by Don Siegel. Invasion of the Body Snatchers is a 1956 Science fiction film based on the novel The Body Snatchers by Jack Finney (originally Donald Siegel ( October 26, 1912 - April 20, 1991) was an influential American Film director and producer
• "Lampa" (The Lamp) (1959), a short film by Roman Polanski and one of his earliest works.
• "The Sound of Music" (1965), by Robert Wise, being part of the popular song "So Long, Farewell". Rodgers and Hammerstein 's The Sound of Music is a Musical film directed by Robert Wise and starring Julie Andrews in the lead role Robert Wise ( September 10, 1914 &ndash September 14, 2005) was an American sound effects editor film editor and Academy
• "Bunny Lake Is Missing" (1965), by Otto Preminger. Bunny Lake Is Missing is a Psychological thriller directed and produced by Otto Preminger. Otto Ludwig Preminger ( December 5[[ 906]]&ndash April 23[[ 986]] was an Austrian born Film director who moved from the theatre to Hollywood
• "Blade Runner" (1982), a cult movie directed by Sir Ridley Scott. Blade Runner is a 1982 American Science fiction Film, directed by Ridley Scott. Sir Ridley Scott (born November 30 1937 in South Shields, Tyne and Wear) is a British Academy Award Nominated and Golden Globe Emmy Award and BAFTA Award winning
• "Out of Africa" (1985), by Sidney Pollack. Out of Africa is a 1985 Film based loosely on the autobiographical book by Isak Dinesen (pseudonym of Karen Blixen) published Sydney Irwin Pollack ( July 1, 1934 – May 26, 2008) was an American Film director, producer and Actor.
• "Saraband" (2003), the last film of Ingmar Bergman. For the Baroque dance and its corresponding musical form see Sarabande. Ernst Ingmar Bergman ( pronounced) (14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007 was a nine-time Academy Award -nominated Swedish film, stage Etc.

Television

Regarding to television, this kind of clock is, amongst other TV series, on Alfred Hitchcock Presents "Triggers in Leash" (1955) and "The Cuckoo Clock" (1960) or "Realization Time" (1990) of Twin Peaks. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an Anthology Television series hosted by Alfred Hitchcock. Twin Peaks is a Television Serial drama that follows the investigation of the brutal murder of popular respected Teenager and homecoming queen

It appears on children's shows as well, like on The Munsters and the Irish educational series Wanderly Wagon where both featured a sarcastic raven, called Charlie on the first one and Mr. The Munsters is a 1960s American television Sitcom depicting the home life of a family of Monsters. Wanderly Wagon was an Irish Children's television series which aired on RTÉ from 1968 until 1982. Crow on the second one, living inside a cuckoo clock. Other examples include, The Banana Splits Show where it was a secondary character, two same name episodes entitled "The Cuckoo Clock", the first one on Jackanory (season 10, episodes from 36 to 40, 1971) based on Mrs. Jackanory is a long-running BBC Children's television series that was designed to stimulate an interest in reading. Molesworth's novel and the second one on Ivor the Engine (1975), as well as some episodes of Fraggle Rock, like “The Thirty-Minute Work Week” (1983) and Goosebumps "The Cuckoo Clock of Doom" (1995), a Canadian/American horror series for children based on the same name books by R. L. Stine. Ivor the Engine was a children's animation by Oliver Postgate and Peter Firmin 's Smallfilms company Fraggle Rock is a Children's television series with a total of 5 seasons and 96 episodes running from January 10, 1983 to March 30 Goosebumps is a Canadian Children's television series that aired on YTV in Canada, on Canal Famille in Québec The Cuckoo Clock of Doom is a book and later an adapted Television program, from the Goosebumps series of books by R Robert Lawrence Stine (born October 8, 1943), known as R L Stine and Jovial Bob Stine, is an Canadian-American Novelist Sometimes has appeared on commercials, like Mentos or Volkswagen.

Funny things

About the largest cuckoo clocks in the world, four of them are located in the Black Forest of Germany; in Höllsteig (Breitnau), Niederwasser (Hornberg), Schonach and Schonachbach (near Triberg). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Breitnau is a municipality in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald in the Black Forest in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. Hornberg is a town in the Ortenaukreis, in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Schonach im Schwarzwald is a town in the district of Schwarzwald-Baar in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Triberg im Schwarzwald is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany, located in the Schwarzwald-Baar district in the Black Forest. Another one is in central Germany, specifically in Gernrode (where it was also made the "World's Largest Chocolate Cuckoo Clock" in 2006) and finally two of them are sited in the west of the country; in Sankt Goar where is the the world's largest free-hanging cuckoo clock and Wiesbaden. Gernrode is a town in Germany, in the district of Harz, Saxony-Anhalt. "Saint Goar" redirects here For the saint with this name see Goar of Aquitaine. Wiesbaden, a city in southwest Germany, is the capital of the state of Hesse.

In America exist four of them as well, two are placed in the United States, in Frankenmuth, Michigan and Wilmot, Ohio, the other two are in Eduardo Castex and Villa Carlos Paz, both in Argentina. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Frankenmuth is a city in Saginaw County in the US state of Michigan. Wilmot is a village in Stark County, Ohio, United States. The population was 335 at the 2000 census. Eduardo Castex is a small city capital of Conhelo in La Pampa Province, Argentina. Villa Carlos Paz is a city in the center-north of the province of Córdoba, Argentina, in the south of the Punilla Valley, lying on the western For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.

Lastly in Japan, in the island of Hokkaidō, it puts up another one in Onneyu. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. WikipediaWikiProject Japanese prefectures for guidelines --> formerly known as Ezo, Yezo, Yeso, or Yesso, is Japan 's Some of them have been awarded with the title of "World's Largest Cuckoo Clock" by the Guinness World Records. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U

As for the largest indoor cuckoo clocks, in 1986 the disappeared manufacturer Dold built a custom clock for Champ's Clock Shop in Douglasville, Georgia, a bit smaller is the one currently manufactured by the Anton Schneider company. The City of Douglasville is the County seat of Douglas County Georgia, United States. The smallest cuckoo clock in the world is made by the firm Hubert Herr.

Bibliography

• Schneider, Wilhelm (1985): Zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Kuckucksuhr. In: Alte Uhren, Fascicle 3, pp. 13 - 21.
• Schneider, Wilhelm (1987): Frühe Kuckucksuhren von Johann Baptist Beha in Eisenbach im Hochschwarzwald. In: Uhren, Fascicle 3, pp. 45 – 53.
• Mühe, Richard, Kahlert, Helmut and Techen, Beatrice (1988): Kuckucksuhren. München.
• Schneider, Wilhelm (1988): The cuckoo Clocks of Johann Baptist Beha. In: Antiquarian Horology, Vol. 17, pp. 455 – 462.
• Schneider, Wilhelm, Schneider, Monika (1988): Black Forest Cuckoo Clocks at the Exhibitions in Philadelphia 1876 and Chicago 1893. In: NAWCC, Vol. 30/2, No. 253, pp. 116 – 127 & pp. 128 - 132.
• Schneider, Wilhelm (1989): Die eiserne Kuckucksuhr. In: Uhren, 12. Jg. , Fascicle 5, pp. 37 – 44.
• Kahlert, Helmut (2002): Erinnerung an ein geniales Design. 150 Jahre Bahnhäusle-Uhren. In: Klassik-Uhren, F. 4, pp. 26 - 30.
• Graf, Johannes (2006): The Black Forest Cuckoo Clock. A Success Story. In: NAWCC December Bulletin, pp. 646 - 652.

External links

Bahnhäusle style history article

• By Dr. Helmut Kahlert and published in the NAWCC October Bulletin (2001):
  1. The Anniversary of a Grand Design -150 Years of Black Forest Bahnhäusle Clocks (1)
  2. The Anniversary of a Grand Design -150 Years of Black Forest Bahnhäusle Clocks (2)

Museums

Museums where to see cuckoo clocks from different times, styles and manufacturers:

• In Germany, the Deutsches Uhrenmuseum (German Clock and Watch Museum), in Furtwangen (Black Forest). The National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors (NAWCC is an American Non-profit organization with about 25000 members

• In the United Kingdom, Cuckooland Museum, the only Museum in the world dedicated mainly to the cuckoo clock, in Tabley, Cheshire (England).

Cuckoo clock manufacturers

Some cuckoo clock manufacturers of the Black Forest (except Harzer & Lötscher). In alphabetical order:

Notes