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For a type of interchange between different lines in a metro system, see cross-platform interchange. A cross-platform interchange is a type of interchange between different lines in a metro system

Cross-platform (also known as multi-platform) is a term used in computing to refer to computer programs, operating systems, computer languages, programming languages, or other computer software and their implementations which can be made to work on multiple computer platforms. Computer programs (also software programs, or just programs) are instructions for a Computer. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. In Computing, a platform describes some sort of Hardware architecture or Software framework (including Application frameworks, that allows “Cross-platform” and “multi-platform” both refer to the idea that a given piece of computer software is able to be run on more than one computer platform. There are two major types of cross-platform software; one requires building for each platform that it supports (e. g. , is written in a compiled language, such as C), and the other one can be directly run on any platform which supports it (e. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured g. , software written in an interpreted language such as Perl, Python, or shell script) or software written in a language which compiles to bytecode and the bytecode is redistributed (such as is the case with Java and languages used in the .NET Framework). In Computer programming an interpreted language is a Programming language whose implementation often takes the form of an interpreter. NOTES FOR EDITORS "Perl" is not an acronym (read the "Name" section below Python is a general-purpose High-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability A shell script is a script written for the shell, or Command line interpreter, of an Operating system. Bytecode is a term which has been used to denote various forms of Instruction sets designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter as well as being suitable

For example, a cross-platform application may run on Microsoft Windows on the x86 architecture, Linux on the x86 architecture and Mac OS X on either the PowerPC or x86 based Apple Macintosh systems. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc A cross-platform application may run on as many as all existing platforms, or on as few as two platforms. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform

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Platforms

Main article: Platform (computing)

A platform is a combination of hardware and software used to run software applications. In Computing, a platform describes some sort of Hardware architecture or Software framework (including Application frameworks, that allows A platform can be described simply as an operating system or computer architecture, or it could be the combination of both. Probably the most familiar platform is Microsoft Windows running on the x86 architecture. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal Other well-known desktop computer platforms include Linux and Mac OS X (both of which are themselves cross-platform). Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently There are, however, many devices such as cellular telephones that are also effectively computer platforms but less commonly thought about in that way. Application software can be written to depend on the features of a particular platform—either the hardware, operating system, or virtual machine it runs on. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform The Java platform is a virtual machine platform which runs on many operating systems and hardware types, and is a common platform for software to be written for. Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine

Hardware platforms

A hardware platform can refer to a computer’s architecture or processor architecture. In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system CPU design is the Design engineering task of creating a Central processing unit (CPU a component of Computer hardware. For example, the x86 and x86-64 CPUs make up one of the most common computer architectures in use in home machines today. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system These machines commonly run Microsoft Windows, though they can run other operating systems as well, including Linux, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Mac OS X and FreeBSD. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks OpenBSD is a Unix-like computer Operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD a Unix derivative developed at the NetBSD is a freely redistributable Open source version of the Unix -derivative Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD Computer Operating Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently FreeBSD is a Unix-like free Operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD branch through

Software platforms

Software platforms can either be an operating system or programming environment, though more commonly it is a combination of both. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination A notable exception to this is Java, which uses an operating system independent virtual machine for its compiled code, known in the world of Java as bytecode. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine A compiler is a Computer program (or set of programs that translates text written in a computer language (the source language) into another Bytecode is a term which has been used to denote various forms of Instruction sets designed for efficient execution by a software interpreter as well as being suitable Examples of software platforms include:

Java platform

Main article: Java platform

As previously noted, the Java platform is an exception to the general rule that an operating system is a software platform. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently OS/2 is a computer Operating system, initially created by Microsoft and IBM, then later developed by IBM exclusively AmigaOS is the default native Operating system of the Amiga personal computer The Motorola 680x0 / m68k / 68k / 68K is a family of 32-bit CISC Microprocessor CPU chips and was the primary AROS Research Operating System ( AROS) is a Free software / open source implementation of the AmigaOS 3 MorphOS is a computer Operating system (OS It is a mixed proprietary and Open source OS produced for the Pegasos PowerPC (PPC-processor-based Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination The Java language provides a virtual machine, or a “virtual CPU” which runs all of the code that is written for the language. In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine This enables the same executable binary to run on all systems which support the Java software, through the Java Virtual Machine. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains A Java Virtual Machine ( JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which use a Virtual machine Java executables do not run directly on the operating system; that is, neither Windows nor Linux execute Java programs directly. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks

Because of this, however, Java is limited in that it does not directly support system-specific functionality. JNI can be used to access system specific functions, but then the code is likely no longer portable. The Java Native Interface ( JNI) is a programming framework that allows Java code running in the Java virtual machine (JVM to call and be called Java programs can run on at least the Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, and Solaris operating systems, and so the language is limited to functionality that exists on all these systems. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Solaris is a Unix -based Operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS. This includes things such as computer networking, Internet sockets, but not necessarily raw hardware input/output. Computer networking is the Engineering Discipline concerned with communication between Computer systems or devices Networking routers An Internet socket (or commonly a network socket or socket) is an end-point of a bidirectional process-to-process communication flow across an IP In Computing, input/output, or I/O, refers to the communication between an Information processing system (such as a Computer) and the outside

Cross-platform software

In order for software to be considered cross-platform, it must be able to function on more than one computer architecture or operating system. In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination This can be a time-consuming task given that different operating systems have different application programming interfaces or APIs (for example, Linux uses a different API for application software than Windows does). An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft.

Just because a particular operating system may run on different computer architectures, that does not mean that the software written for that operating system will automatically work on all architectures that the operating system supports. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system One example as of August, 2006 was OpenOffice.org, which did not natively run on the AMD64 or EM64T lines of processors implementing the x86-64 64-bit standards for computers; this has since been changed, and the OpenOffice. Other names In Arabic, the month is called أغسطسص ʾUġusṭuṣ or آب ʾĀb; usage varies from place to place and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. OpenOfficeorg ( OOo or OOo) is a free Cross-platform office application suite available for a number of different computer x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. org suite of software is “mostly” ported to these 64-bit systems[1]. This also means that just because a program is written in a popular programming language such as C or C++, it does not mean it will run on all operating systems that support that programming language. tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer.

Web applications

Web applications are typically described as cross-platform because, ideally, they are accessible from any of various web browsers within different operating systems. In Software engineering, a web application or webapp is an application that is accessed via Web browser over a network such as the Internet A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Such applications generally employ a client-server system architecture, and vary widely in complexity and functionality. The client-server Software architecture model distinguishes client systems from server systems which communicate over a Computer network This wide variability significantly complicates the goal of cross-platform capability, which is routinely at odds with the goal of advanced functionality.

Basic applications

Basic web applications perform all or most processing from a stateless web server, and pass the result to the client web browser. A stateless server is a server that treats each Request as an independent Transaction that is unrelated to any previous request The term web server can mean one of two things A Computer program that is responsible for accepting HTTP requests from web clients which are All user interaction with the application consists of simple exchanges of data requests and server responses. These types of applications were the norm in the early phases of World Wide Web application development. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Such applications follow a simple transaction model, identical to that of serving static web pages. For other meanings see the disambiguation page at Transaction. A static Web page is a Web page that always comprises the same information in response to all download requests from all users Today, they are still relatively common, especially where cross-platform compatibility and simplicity are deemed more critical than advanced functionality.

Advanced applications

Prominent examples of advanced web applications include the Web interface to Gmail, A9.com, and the maps. Gmail, officially Google Mail in Germany and the United Kingdom is a free POP3 and IMAP A9com, which went live on April 14, 2004, is an Internet Search engine from Amazon live. com section of Live Search. Live Search (formerly Windows Live Search and MSN Search) is the name of Microsoft 's web Search engine, designed to compete with the Such advanced applications routinely depend on additional features found only in the more recent versions of popular web browsers. These dependencies include Ajax, JavaScript, “Dynamic” HTML, SVG, and other components of rich internet applications. JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development Dynamic HTML, or DHTML, is a collection of technologies used together to create interactive and animated Web sites by using a combination of a static Markup Rich Internet applications (RIAs are Web applications that have the features and functionality of traditional desktop applications. Older versions of popular browsers tend to lack support for certain features.

Design strategies

Because of the competing interests of cross-platform compatibility and advanced functionality, numerous alternative web application design strategies have emerged.

Such strategies include:

Graceful degradation

Graceful degradation attempts to provide the same or similar functionality to all users and platforms, while diminishing that functionality to a ‘least common denominator’ for more limited client browsers. For example, a user attempting to use a limited-feature browser to access Gmail may notice that Gmail switches to “Basic Mode,” with reduced functionality. Some view this strategy as a lesser form of cross-platform capability.

Separation of functionality

Separation of functionality attempts to simply omit those subsets of functionality that are not capable from within certain client browsers or operating systems, while still delivering a ‘complete’ application to the user. (see also Separation of concerns). In Computer science, separation of concerns ( SoC) is the process of breaking a Computer program into distinct features that overlap in functionality as

Multiple codebase

Multiple codebase applications present different versions of an application depending on the specific client in use. This strategy is arguably the most complicated and expensive way to fulfill cross-platform capability, since even different versions of the same client browser (within the same operating system) can differ dramatically between each other. This is further complicated by the support for “plugins” which may or may not be present for any given installation of a particular browser version.

Third party libraries

Third party libraries attempt to simplify cross-platform capability by ‘hiding’ the complexities of client differentiation behind a single, unified API.

Testing strategies

One complicated aspect of cross-platform web application design is the need for software testing. Software testing is an Empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test, with respect to the In addition to the complications mentioned previously, there is the additional restriction that some browsers prohibit installation of different versions of the same browser on the same operating system. Techniques such as full virtualization are sometimes used as a workaround for this problem. The concept of full virtualization is well established in the literature but not always using this specific term

Traditional applications

Although web applications are becoming increasingly popular, many computer users still use traditional application software which does not rely on a client/web-server architecture. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform The distinction between “traditional” and “web” applications is not always unambiguous, however, because applications have many different features, installation methods and architectures; and some of these can overlap and occur in ways that blur the distinction. Nevertheless, this simplifying distinction is a common and useful generalization.

Binary software

Traditionally in modern computing, application software has been distributed to end-users as binary images, which are stored in executables, a specific type of binary file. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains Such executables only support the operating system and computer architecture that they were built for—which means that making a “cross-platform executable” would be something of a massive task, and is generally not done. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system

For software that is distributed as a binary executable, such as software written in C or C++, the programmer must build the software for each different operating system and computer architecture. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains tags please moot on the talk page first! --> In Computing, C is a general-purpose cross-platform block structured C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. In the field of Computer software, the term software build refers either to the process of converting Source code files into standalone software artifact(s that can An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system For example, Mozilla Firefox, an open-source web browser, is available on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X (both PowerPC and x86 through something Apple calls a Universal binary), and Linux on multiple computer architectures. Mozilla was the official public original name of Mozilla Application Suite by the Mozilla Foundation, currently known as SeaMonkey suite. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal A universal binary is in Apple parlance an Executable file or application bundle that runs natively on Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks The three platforms (in this case, Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux) are separate executable distributions, although they come from the same source code. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains In Computer science, source code (commonly just source or code) is any sequence of statements or declarations written in some Human-readable

In the context of binary software, cross-platform programs are written in the source code and then “translated” to each system that it runs on through compiling it on different platforms. Also, software can be ported to a new computer architecture or operating system so that the program becomes more cross-platform than it already is. See also Software portability In Computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination For example, a program such as Firefox, which already runs on Windows on the x86 family, can be modified and re-built to run on Linux on the x86 (and potentially other architectures) as well.

As an alternative to porting, cross-platform virtualization allows applications compiled for one CPU and operating system to run on a system with a different CPU and/or operating system, without modification to the source code or binaries. As an example, Apple's Rosetta software, which is built into Intel-based Apple Macintosh computers, runs applications compiled for the previous generation of Macs that used PowerPC CPUs. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Rosetta is a lightweight dynamic translator for Mac OS X distributed by Apple. PowerPC is a RISC Instruction set architecture created by the 1991 Apple – IBM – Motorola alliance known as AIM Another example is IBM PowerVM Lx86, which allows Linux/x86 applications to run unmodified on the Linux/Power operating system.

Scripts and interpreted languages

A script can be considered to be cross-platform if the scripting language is available on multiple platforms and the script only uses the facilities provided by the language. In Computer programming an interpreted language is a Programming language whose implementation often takes the form of an interpreter. "Scripting" redirects here For other uses see Script. That is, a script written in Python for a Unix-like system will likely run with little or no modification on Windows, because Python also runs on Windows; there is also more than one implementation of Python that will run the same scripts (e. Python is a general-purpose High-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability A Unix-like (sometimes shortened to *nix) Operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system while not necessarily conforming Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. g. , IronPython for .NET). IronPython is an implementation of the Python programming language, targeting the. The same goes for many of the open source programming languages that are available and are scripting languages. Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. "Scripting" redirects here For other uses see Script.

Unlike binary executables, the same script can be used on all computers that have software to interpret the script. In Computing, an executable (file causes a computer "to perform indicated tasks according to encoded instructions," as opposed to a file that only contains This is because the script is generally stored in plain text in a text file. In Computing, plain text is a term used for an ordinary "unformatted" sequential file readable as textual material without much processing A text file (sometimes spelled "textfile" is a kind of Computer file that is structured as a sequence of lines. There may be some issues, however, such as the type of new line character that sits between the lines. In Computing, a newline (also known as a line break or end-of-line / EOL character is a special character or sequence of characters Generally, however, little or no work has to be done to make a script written for one system, run on another.

Some quite popular cross-platform scripting or interpreted languages are:

Video games

Cross-platform is a term that can also apply to video games. A video game is a Game that involves interaction with a User interface to generate visual feedback on a video device. Such games are released on a range of video game consoles and handheld game consoles, which are specialized computers dedicated to the task of playing games (and thus, are a platform as any other computer). A handheld game console is a lightweight portable electronic machine for playing Video games Unlike Video game consoles the controls screen and speakers A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. Examples of these games include:

… which are spread across a variety of platforms, such as the Nintendo GameCube, PlayStation 2, Xbox, PC, and mobile devices. Miner 2049er is a Video game created by Bill Hogue and released in 1982 by Big Five Software. Phantasy Star Online ( PSO) is an online RPG title originally released for Dreamcast in 2000 FIFA Football, also known as FIFA Soccer or FIFA in some regions is a series of football (soccer Video games The, often abbreviated as GCN, is Nintendo 's fourth home Video game console and is part of the sixth generation console era. The Xbox is a sixth-generation Video game console produced by Microsoft Corporation. A personal computer ( PC) is any Computer whose original sales price size and capabilities make it useful for individuals and which is intended to be operated A mobile device (also known as cellphone device, handheld device, handheld computer, "Palmtop" or simply handheld) is a pocket-sized

In some cases, depending on the hardware of a particular system it may take longer than expected to create a video game across multiple platforms. So, a video game may only get released on a few platforms and then later released on the remaining platforms. Typically, this is what occurs when a new system is released, because the developers of the video game need to become acquainted with the hardware and software associated with the new console. A video game developer is a software developer (a business or an individual that creates Video games A developer may specialize in a certain video

Some games may not become cross-platform because of licensing agreements between the developers and the maker of the video game console which state that the game will only be made for one particular console. A video game developer is a software developer (a business or an individual that creates Video games A developer may specialize in a certain video As an example, Disney could create a new game and wish to release it on the latest Nintendo and Sony game consoles. is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Kyoto Japan founded on is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with If Disney licenses the game with Sony first, Disney may be required to only release the game on Sony’s console for a short time, or indefinitely—effectively prohibiting the game from cross-platform at least for a period of time. is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with is a multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato Tokyo, Japan, and one of the world's largest Media conglomerates with

Several developers have developed ways to play games online while using different platforms. Epic Games, Microsoft and Valve Software all have this technology, that allows Xbox 360 gamers and PS3 gamers to play with PC gamers, allowing gamers to finally decide which platform is the best for a game. The first game released to allow this interactivity between PC and Console games was Quake 3. Quake III Arena or Quake 3, abbreviated as Q3A or Q3, is a Multiplayer First-person shooter

Games that feature cross-platform online play include:

Platform independent software

Software that is platform independent does not rely on any special features of any single platform, or, if it does, handles those special features such that it can deal with multiple platforms. Champions Online is a Superhero -themed Massively multiplayer online role-playing game by City of Heroes / Villains Lost Planet Extreme Condition is a Third-person shooter Video game created by Capcom for the Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows Phantasy Star Online ( PSO) is an online RPG title originally released for Dreamcast in 2000 Shadowrun was developed by FASA Interactive for Windows Vista and the Xbox 360. also known as Final Fantasy XI Online, is a Massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG developed and published by Square (later Square All algorithms, such as the quicksort algorithm, are able to be implemented on different platforms. In Mathematics, Computing, Linguistics and related subjects an algorithm is a sequence of finite instructions often used for Calculation

Porting software

Main article: Porting

Computer software that runs on a subset of all available computer architectures or operating systems can be altered to work on new architectures or operating systems through a process called porting. See also Software portability In Computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination For example, as of August, 2006, work is underway to port the OpenOffice.org software application to a 64-bit architecture[2]. Other names In Arabic, the month is called أغسطسص ʾUġusṭuṣ or آب ʾĀb; usage varies from place to place and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. OpenOfficeorg ( OOo or OOo) is a free Cross-platform office application suite available for a number of different computer Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s.

Cross-platform programming

Cross-platform programming is the practice of actively writing software that will work on more than one platform.

Approaches to cross-platform programming

There are different ways of approaching the problem of writing a cross-platform application program. One such approach is simply to create multiple versions of the same program in different source trees—in other words, the Windows version of a program might have one set of source code files and the Macintosh version might have another, while a FOSS *nix system might have another. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc While this is a straightforward approach to the problem, it has the potential to be considerably more expensive in development cost, development time, or both, especially for the corporate entities. The idea behind this is to create more than two different programs that have the ability to behave similarly to each other. It is also possible that this means of developing a cross-platform application will result in more problems with bug tracking and fixing, because the two different source trees would have different programmers, and thus different defects in each version. The smaller the programming team, the quicker the bug fixes tend to be.

Another approach that is used is to depend on pre-existing software that hides the differences between the platforms—called abstraction of the platform—such that the program itself is unaware of the platform it is running on. --> Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information It could be said that such programs are platform agnostic. Programs that run on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) are built in this fashion. Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software In Computer science, a virtual machine (VM is a Software implementation of a machine (computer that executes programs like a real machine A Java Virtual Machine ( JVM) is a set of computer software programs and data structures which use a Virtual machine

Some applications mix various methods of cross-platform programming to create the final application. An example of this is the Firefox web browser, which uses abstraction to build some of the lower-level components, separate source subtrees for implementing platform specific features (like the GUI), and the implementation of more than one scripting language to help facilitate ease of portability. A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a --> Abstraction is the process or result of generalization by reducing the information "Scripting" redirects here For other uses see Script. Firefox implements XUL, CSS and JavaScript for extending the browser, in addition to classic Netscape-style browser plugins. XUL (pronounced zool ( the XML User Interface Language, an XML User interface markup language developed by the Mozilla project JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development Netscape Communications (formerly known as Netscape Communications Corporation and commonly known as Netscape) is an American computer services company Much of the browser itself is written in XUL, CSS, and JavaScript, as well.

Cross-platform programming toolkits

There are a number of tools which are available to help facilitate the process of cross-platform programming:

Cross-platform development environments

Cross-platform applications can also be built using proprietary IDEs, or so-called Rapid Application Development tools. In Computing, an integrated development environment ( IDE) is a Software application that provides comprehensive facilities to Computer programmers Rapid application development ( RAD) is a Software development process, which involves iterative development and the construction of Prototypes There are a number of development environments which allow developers to build and deploy applications across multiple platforms:

Criticisms of cross-platform development

There are certain issues associated with cross-platform development. Some of these include:

See also

Java refers to a number of Computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems that together provide a system for developing Application software A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. A compiled language is a Programming language whose implementations are typically Compilers (translators which generate Machine code from REALbasic ( RB) is an Object-oriented dialect of the BASIC programming language developed and commercially marketed by REAL Software Inc in Austin "Scripting" redirects here For other uses see Script. In Computer programming an interpreted language is a Programming language whose implementation often takes the form of an interpreter. NOTES FOR EDITORS "Perl" is not an acronym (read the "Name" section below PHP is a computer Scripting language. Originally designed for producing Dynamic web pages it has evolved to include a Command line interface capability Python is a general-purpose High-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes programmer productivity and code readability Tcl (originally from "Tool Command Language" but nonetheless conventionally rendered as "Tcl" rather than "TCL" pronounced as " tickle " JavaScript is a Scripting language most often used for Client-side web development XUL (pronounced zool ( the XML User Interface Language, an XML User interface markup language developed by the Mozilla project ECMAScript is a Scripting language, standardized by Ecma International in the ECMA-262 specification. Application software is a subclass of Computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform Qt (pronounced "cute" by its creators is a Cross-platform application development framework widely used for the development of GUI programs (in which GTK+, or The GIMP Toolkit, is a Cross-platform Widget toolkit for creating Graphical user interfaces It is one of the most popular toolkits The " F ast L ight T ool' k' it" (generally pronounced "fulltick") is a Cross-platform GUI library developed A widget toolkit, widget library, or GUI toolkit is a set of widgets for use in designing applications with Graphical user interfaces (GUIs Allegro is a free and open source Software library for Video game development In Computer engineering, computer architecture is the conceptual design and fundamental operational structure of a Computer system Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge A firewall is an integrated collection of security measures designed to prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system OpenOfficeorg ( OOo or OOo) is a free Cross-platform office application suite available for a number of different computer Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge In Computing, an office suite, sometimes called an office software suite or productivity suite is a Software suite intended to be used by typical Blender is a free 3D graphics application It can be used for modeling, UV unwrapping texturing rigging, water simulations Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge 3D computer graphics software refers to programs used to create 3D Computer-generated imagery. MAME is an Emulator application designed to recreate the Hardware of Arcade game systems in Software, with the intent of preserving gaming Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks NetBSD is a freely redistributable Open source version of the Unix -derivative Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD Computer Operating OpenBSD is a Unix-like computer Operating system descended from Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD a Unix derivative developed at the FreeBSD is a Unix-like free Operating system descended from AT&T UNIX via the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD branch through Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination MySQL is a Relational database management system (RDBMS which has more than 11 million installations PostgreSQL is an Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge A Computer Database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system Open source is a development methodology which offers practical accessibility to a product's source (goods and knowledge Media player is a term typically used to describe Computer software for playing back Multimedia files Most software media players support an array of media Pixel image editor (formerly known as Pixel32 is an Image editor written by the Slovak programmer Pavel Kanzelsberger

Dictionary

cross-platform

-adjective

  1. (computing) Of software, etc., designed to work on various operating systems.
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