A County council is the elected administrative body governing an area known as a county. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. This term has slightly different meanings in different countries.

Contents 1 Britain and Ireland 1.1 England and Wales 1.2 Scotland 1.3 Republic of Ireland 2 United States 3 References

Britain and Ireland

England and Wales

In England and Wales, a county council is a council that governs a county. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State.

County Councils were introduced in 1889 on the 22nd of September in England and Wales by the Local Government Act 1888, largely taking over the administrative functions of the unelected Quarter Sessions. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common History The Roman occupation of Britain was the first period in which the area of present-day England and Wales was administered as a single unit (with the exception The Local Government Act 1888 (51 & 52 Vict c 41 was passed by the Parliament of the United Kingdom in 1888 and established County councils and County borough The Courts of Quarter Sessions or Quarter Sessions were periodic courts held in each County and County borough in England and Wales until ^[1] The system was soon extended to Scotland, by the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, and Ireland by the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Local Government (Scotland Act 1889 (52 & 53 Vict c 50 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom which was passed on 26 August 1889. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Local Government (Ireland Act 1898 (61 & 62 Vict c 37 is a piece of legislation passed as an Act of Parliament by the Parliament of the United Kingdom Except in Scotland, the areas they covered were termed administrative counties and did not necessarily align with the traditional shire counties. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. The counties of the United Kingdom are a type of subnational division of historical origin by the Middle Ages they had become established as a unit of The new system was a major modernisation, which reflected the increasing range of functions carried out by local government in late Victorian Britain. A major accretion of powers took place when education was added to County Council responsibilities after 1902.

County councils were responsible for more strategic services in a region, with smaller urban district councils and rural district councils responsible for other activities. In the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, an urban district was a type of Local government district that covered an Urbanised area Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and

The writ of the county councils did not extend everywhere: county boroughs were independent of the council for the county in which they were geographically situated, and county borough councils exercised the functions of both county councils and district councils. County borough is a term introduced in 1889 in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (excluding Scotland) to refer to a Borough or a City ^[2]

In England and Wales, local government was reformed in 1974. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. County boroughs were abolished and all of the country (apart from Greater London) was placed in a two-tier arrangement with county councils and district councils. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government

Another reform in 1986 abolished the Greater London Council (which was similar but not identical to a county council) and the councils of the six metropolitan counties abolished. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) The Greater London Council (GLC was the top-tier Local government administrative body for Greater London from 1965 to 1986 The metropolitan counties are a type of county-level Administrative division of England. Their functions were transferred to the metropolitan boroughs. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties.

In 1996 in Wales another local government reform replaced the two-tier system with an arrangement of unitary authorities, known as the principal areas of Wales. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) See also Independent city A unitary authority is a type of Local authority that has a single tier and is responsible for all Local government functions For Local government purposes Wales is divided into 22 Unitary authorities, which are responsible for the provision of all local government services including education Some of these have the styling of "county council" and some have the styling "county borough council".

The 1990s in England saw the reestablishment of county boroughs in all but name, as unitary authorities. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland As a result of this, a further county council, that of Berkshire, was abolished, whilst others saw their territory decrease. Berkshire (ˈbɑːkʃə or /ˈbɑːkʃɪə/ say Baak-shuh/-sheer sometimes abbreviated to Berks) is a Home County in the South Most of these unitary authorities were boroughs or districts. One, the Isle of Wight is a county council, although it is named the "Isle of Wight Council". The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the ^[3] Two other unitary districts Rutland and Herefordshire, correspond to historic counties, and use use "county" in their titles, being governed respectively by "Rutland County Council District Council" and "County of Herefordshire District Council". Rutland is a county of mainland England, bounded on the west and north by Leicestershire, northeast by Lincolnshire, and southeast by Constitution Herefordshire was reconstituted both as a new Non-metropolitan district (effective 19th July 1996 and as a new County comprising the area of the ^{[4] [5]}

County Councils are very large employers with a great variety of functions including education (schools and youth services), social services, highways, fire and rescue services, libraries, waste disposal, consumer services and town and country planning. Until the 1990s they also ran Colleges of Further Education and the Careers Services. That decade also saw the privatisation of some traditional services, such as highways maintenance, cleaning and school meals. In 2009, a further change to the status of some County Councils is expected to take place. Following invitations from central government in 2007, a number of County Councils and their associated districts examined ways in which local government provision could be rationalised, mainly in the form of abolishing the existing County and District councils and establishing one-tier authorities for all or parts of these existing counties. As a result, the status of some of these (mainly) more rural counties will change. Some, such as Shropshire, North Yorkshire, Wiltshire and Northumberland will reform to one council providing all services. It is expected these will drop the word "county" from their titles, such as already exists with Herefordshire Council. Others, such as Bedfordshire, will see more than one unitary council established within the boundaries of the abolished County Council. Not all counties that submitted plans were successful. Somerset, for example, will retain the existing County Council and District Councils. It is believed that a survey conducted across the county revealed reform to be unpopular, and the Government refused to sanction change as a result. Many County Councils will remain unchanged, particularly in the heavily populated parts of England such as the south east.

Scotland

In Scotland a major reform took place in 1975. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This resulted in bodies identical in function and structure to the England and Welsh county councils; but called 'regional councils', because they covered regions instead of counties. The regions and districts of Scotland were established under the Local Government (Scotland Act 1973 as a two-tier system of Local government in Scotland. An administrative county was an Administrative division in England and Wales and Ireland used for the purposes of Local government. In 1996 a further reorganisation saw the regions and districts replaced by 32 unitary council areas each with an average of just over 980 sq miles. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) For local government purposes Scotland is divided into 32 areas designated as "council areas" which are all governed by unitary authorities designated as

Republic of Ireland

In the Republic of Ireland, the county councils are still around in their original form, though they have taken on the powers of rural districts after they were abolished. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Rural districts were a type of Local government area &ndash now superseded &ndash established at the end of the 19th century in England, Wales, and See Local government in the Republic of Ireland. Local government in the Republic of Ireland is governed by the Local Government Acts, the most recent of which ( Local Government Act 2001) established a two-tier structure

United States

In the United States, most of the individual states have counties as a form of local government; in nine states, they are headed by a county council. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision In other states, each county is headed by a county commission or a county board of supervisors. A county commission is a group of elected officials charged with administering the county Government in Local government in some states of the The Board of Supervisors is the body governing Counties in the U

References

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