Council of Trent
Date	1545-1563
Accepted by	Catholic Church
Previous council	Fifth Council of the Lateran
Next council	First Vatican Council
Convoked by	Pope Paul III
Presided by	Pope Paul III, Pope Julius III, Pope Pius IV
Attendance	about 255 in the last sessions
Topics of discussion	Protestantism, Catholic Reformation
Documents and statements	seventeen dogmatic decrees, covering all aspects of Catholic religion
Chronological list of Ecumenical councils

The Council of Trent was the 19th Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church. When elected pope Julius II promised under oath that he would soon convoke a general council The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Pope Julius III ( September 10, 1487 &ndash March 23, 1555) born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the This is a general introduction to ecumenical councils For the Roman Catholic councils, see Catholic Ecumenical Councils. This is a general introduction to ecumenical councils For the Roman Catholic councils, see Catholic Ecumenical Councils. Considered one of the Church's most important^[1] councils, it convened in Trent for three periods between December 13, 1545, and December 4, 1563, as a response to the Protestant Reformation. Trento (traditional English Trent; Italian: Trento; German: Trient; Latin: Tridentum; Note that many Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time ^[1] It clearly specified Catholic doctrine on salvation, the sacraments, and the Biblical canon, answering all Protestant disputes. In Theology, salvation can mean three related things being saved from or Liberation from something such as Suffering or the punishment of A Biblical canon or canon of scripture is a list or Set of Biblical books considered to be authoritative as Scripture by a particular religious ^[1] It entrusted to the Pope the completion of some sections of its work, as a result of which Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus initiating what since the twentieth century has been called the Tridentine Mass (from the city's Latin name Tridentum), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate. Pope During the Catholic Reformation, the Council of Trent commissioned the Roman Catechism (or Catechism of the Council of Trent published 1566) to expound This article refers to the Liturgy of the Hours as a specific manifestation of public prayer in the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Missal ((Missale Romanum is the liturgical book that contains the texts and rubrics for the celebration of the Mass in the Roman Rite The Tridentine Mass (Missa Tridentina is the form of the Roman Rite Mass contained in the typical editions of the Roman Missal that were published Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Not to be confused with Antipope Clement VIII. Pope Clement VIII ( February 24, 1536 &ndash March 3, 1605 The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by ^[2]

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor favoured the calling of a council, but the popes were generally reluctant, and Francis I of France also raised difficulties. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 The council was first delayed and sometimes suspended because of resistance from the popes and revolt against the emperor. ^[2] Pope Paul III finally summoned the council in 1537 for Mantua, which was blocked by France, and in 1538 for Vicenza, which got no support from the Emperor. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Mantua (Màntova in the local dialect of Lombard language Mantua is a city in Lombardy, Italy and capital of the province of the Vicenza, a city in northern Italy, is the capital of the eponymous province in the Veneto region at the northern base of the Monte Berico ^[2] A 1542 convocation for Trent finally took effect in 1545, and the Council convened for three periods: 1545-1547, 1551-1552, and 1562-1563, with the first suspension caused by an epidemic at Trent and the second by a revolt against the Emperor and the personal opposition of Pope Paul IV. Pope Paul IV ( June 28, 1476 &ndash August 18, 1559) né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from May 23 ^[2]

The Council of Trent was the most impressive embodiment of the ideals of the Counter-Reformation. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the ^[2] It would be over 300 years until the next Ecumenical Council. The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868.

Contents 1 Occasion, sessions and attendance 2 Objects and general results 3 The canons and decrees 4 Publication of documents 5 List of dogmatic decrees 6 References 7 See also 8 External links

Occasion, sessions and attendance

In reply to the Papal bull Exsurge Domine of Pope Leo X (1520), Martin Luther burned the document and appealed for a general council. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Exsurge Domine is a Papal bull issued on June 15, 1520 by Pope Leo X in response to the teachings of Martin Luther in his Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer In 1522, German diets joined in the appeal, with Charles V seconding and pressing a council for means of reunifying the Church and settling the Reformation controversies. In Politics, a diet is a formal Deliberative assembly. The term is derived from Medieval Latin dietas, and ultimately comes from Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Pope Clement VII (1523–34) was vehemently against the idea of a council, agreeing with Francis I of France. For the Antipope (1378&ndash1394 see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII ( May 26, 1478 &ndash September Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 After Pope Pius II in his bull Execrabilis (1460) and his reply to the University of Cologne (1463) set aside the theory of the supremacy of general councils laid down by the Council of Constance, it was the papal policy to avoid councils. Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini ( Latin Aeneas Sylvius; October 18, 1405 &ndash August 14, 1464) In the Roman Catholic Church, the Council of Constance is the 16th Ecumenical council.

Pope Paul III (1534–49) – seeing that the Protestant Reformation was no longer confined to a few preachers, but had won over various princes, particularly in Germany, to its ideas – desired a council. Pope Paul III ( February 29, 1468 &ndash November 10, 1549) born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman The Protestant Reformation was a reform movement in Europe that began in 1517 though its roots lie further back in time Yet when he proposed the idea to his cardinals, it was unanimously opposed. Nonetheless, he sent nuncios throughout Europe to propose the idea. Paul III issued a decree for a general council to be held in Mantua, Italy, to begin May 23, 1537. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Martin Luther wrote the Smalcald Articles in preparation for the general council. The Smalcald Articles or Schmalkald Articles (Schmalkaldische Artikel are a summary of Lutheran doctrine written by Martin Luther in 1537 for a meeting The Smalcald Articles were designed to sharply define where the Lutherans could and could not compromise.

However, the council was delayed until 1545, and convened right before Luther's death. Unable, however, to resist the urging of Charles V, the pope, after proposing Mantua as the place of meeting, convened the council at Trento (at that time a free city of the Holy Roman Empire under a prince-bishop), on December 13, 1545; the Pope's decision to transfer it to Bologna in March, 1547 on the pretext of avoiding a plague^[2] failed to take effect and the Council was indefinitely prorogued on 17 September 1549. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Bologna (boloɲa from Latin Bononia, Bulåggna in Bolognese dialect is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec

Reopened at Trent on 1 May 1 1551 by convocation of Pope Julius III (1550–1555), it was broken up by the sudden victory of Maurice, Elector of Saxony over the Emperor Charles V and his march into Tyrol on 28 April 1552. Pope Julius III ( September 10, 1487 &ndash March 23, 1555) born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from Maurice I Elector of Saxony (b Freiberg, March 21, 1521 &ndash d Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title ^[3] There was no hope of reassembling the council while the very anti-Protestant Paul IV was Pope. ^[2] The council was reconvened by Pope Pius IV (1559–65) for the last time, meeting from 18 January 1562, and continued until its final adjournment on 4 December 1563. Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. It closed with a series of ritual acclamations honouring the reigning Pope, the Popes who had convoked the Council, the emperor and the kings who had supported it, the papal legates, the cardinals, the ambassadors present, and the bishops, followed by acclamations of acceptance of the faith of the Council and its decrees, and of anathema for all heretics. ^[4]

The history of the council is thus divided into three distinct periods: 1545–49, 1551–52 and 1562–63. During the second period, the Protestants present asked for renewed discussion on points already defined and for bishops to be released from their oaths of allegiance to the Pope. ^[2] When the last period began, all hope of conciliating the Protestants was gone and the Jesuits had become a strong force. ^[2]

The number of attending members in the three periods varied considerably. The council was small to begin with. ^[2] It increased toward the close, but never reached the number of the first ecumenical council at Nicaea, (which had 318 members), nor of the First Vatican Council (which numbered 744). The First Council of Nicaea, held in Nicaea in Bithynia (present-day İznik in Turkey) convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868. The decrees were signed by 255 members, including four papal legates, two cardinals, three patriarchs, twenty-five archbishops, 168 bishops, two-thirds of whom were Italians. The Italian and Spanish prelates were vastly preponderant in power and numbers. At the passage of the most important decrees not more than sixty prelates were present.

Objects and general results

The main object of the council was twofold, although there were other issues that were also discussed:

1. To condemn the principles and doctrines of Protestantism and to define the doctrines of the Catholic Church on all disputed points. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. It is true that the emperor intended it to be a strictly general or truly ecumenical council, at which the Protestants should have a fair hearing. He secured, during the council's second period, 1551-53, an invitation, twice given, to the Protestants to be present and the council issued a letter of safe conduct (thirteenth session) and offered them the right of discussion, but denied them a vote. Melanchthon and Johannes Brenz, with some other German Lutherans, actually started in 1552 on the journey to Trent. Philipp Melanchthon (born Philipp Schwartzerd) ( February 16, 1497 &ndash April 19, 1560) was a German professor and theologian Johann Brenz, the German Theologian and Swabian Reformer was born at Weil (8 miles s Brenz offered a confession and Melanchthon, who got no farther than Nuremberg, took with him the ironic statement known as the Confessio Saxonica. But the refusal to give to the Protestants the right to vote and the consternation produced by the success of Bornfeld in his campaign against Charles V in 1552 effectually put an end to Protestant cooperation.

2. To effect a reformation in discipline or administration. This object had been one of the causes calling forth the reformatory councils and had been lightly touched upon by the Fifth Council of the Lateran under Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X. When elected pope Julius II promised under oath that he would soon convoke a general council Pope Julius II (5 December 1443 &ndash 21 February 1513 born Giuliano Della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513 Pope Leo X, born Giovanni de' Medici (December 11 1475 – December 1 1521 was Pope from 1513 to his death The perceived corruption in the administration of the Church was one of the numerous causes of the Reformation. Twenty-five public sessions were held, but nearly half of them were spent in solemn formalities. The chief work was done in committees or congregations. The entire management was in the hands of the papal legate. The liberal elements lost out in the debates and voting. The council abolished some of the most notorious abuses and introduced or recommended disciplinary reforms affecting the sale of indulgences, the morals of convents, the education of the clergy, the non-residence of bishops (also bishops having plurality of benefices, which was fairly common), and the careless fulmination of censures and forbade dueling. An indulgence, in Roman Catholic Theology, is the full or partial Remission of temporal punishment due for Sins which have already been forgiven Originally a benefice was a gift of land ( Precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered Although evangelical sentiments were uttered by some of the members in favor of the supreme authority of the Scriptures and justification by faith, no concession whatever was made to Protestantism.

3. The church's interpretation of the Bible was final. Any Christian who substituted his or her own interpretation was a heretic. Also, the Bible and Church Tradition (not mere customs but the ancient Tradition that made up part of the Catholic faith) were equally authoritative.

4. The relationship of faith and works in salvation was defined, following controversy over Martin Luther's doctrine of "justification by faith alone". Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer

5. Other Catholic practices that drew the ire of reformers within the Church, such as Indulgences, pilgrimages, the veneration of saints and relics, and the veneration of the Virgin Mary were strongly reaffirmed. An indulgence, in Roman Catholic Theology, is the full or partial Remission of temporal punishment due for Sins which have already been forgiven A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial

The doctrinal decisions of the council are divided into decrees (decreta), which contain the positive statement of the conciliar dogmas, and into short canons (canones), which condemn the dissenting Protestant views with the concluding "anathema sit" ("let him be anathema"). Dogma (the plural is either dogmata or dogmas, Greek, plural) is the established Belief or

The canons and decrees

The doctrinal acts are as follows: after reaffirming the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed (third session), the decree was passed (fourth session) confirming that the deuterocanonical books were on a par with the other books of the canon (against Luther's placement of these books in the Apocrypha of his edition) and coordinating church tradition with the Scriptures as a rule of faith. The Nicene Creed (ˈnaɪsiːn is an ecumenical Christian statement of faith accepted in the Eastern Orthodox Church, Assyrian Church of Though many canons were formulated as a result of the Council of Trent, the phrase Canon of Trent usually refers to the list of biblical books that were from then " Deuterocanonical books " is a term used since the sixteenth century in the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Christianity to describe certain books and passages A Biblical canon or canon of scripture is a list or Set of Biblical books considered to be authoritative as Scripture by a particular religious The Luther Bible is a German Bible translation by Martin Luther, first printed with both testaments in 1534 The Vulgate translation was affirmed to be authoritative for the text of Scripture. The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by

Justification (sixth session) was declared to be offered upon the basis of faith and good works as opposed to the Protestant doctrine of faith alone and faith was treated as a progressive work. In Christian theology, justification is God 's act of declaring or making a sinner righteous before God The idea of man being utterly passive under the influence of grace was also rejected. In Christianity, divine Grace refers to the sovereign favour of God for humankind — especially in regard to Salvation — irrespective of actions

The greatest weight in the Council's decrees is given to the sacraments. A sacrament, as defined in Hexam's Concise Dictionary of Religion is "a Rite in which God is uniquely active The seven sacraments were reaffirmed and the Eucharist pronounced to be a true propitiatory sacrifice as well as a sacrament, in which the bread and wine were consecrated into the Eucharist (thirteenth and twenty-second sessions). The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those Consecration is the solemn dedication to a special purpose or service usually religious The term transubstantiation was used by the Council, but the specific Aristotelian explanation given by Scholasticism was not cited as dogmatic. See also Eucharist (Catholic Church On the related belief that Christ is present in the Eucharist in body blood soul and divinity see Real Presence. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Scholasticism was the dominant form of theology and philosophy in the Latin West in the Middle Ages, particularly in the 12th 13th and 14th centuries Instead, the decree states that Christ is "really, truly, substantially present" in the consecrated forms. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The sacrifice of the Mass was to be offered for dead and living alike and in giving to the apostles the command "do this in remembrance of me," Christ conferred upon them a sacerdotal power. The Mass is the Eucharistic celebration in the Latin liturgical rites of the Roman Catholic Church. Sacerdotalism (from Latin sacerdos, priest literally one who presents sacred offerings sacer, sacred and dare, to give is a term applied to the system The practice of withholding the cup from the laity was confirmed (twenty-first session) as one which the Church Fathers had commanded for good and sufficient reasons; yet in certain cases the Pope was made the supreme arbiter as to whether the rule should be strictly maintained. The Church Fathers, Early Church Fathers, or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church

Ordination (twenty-third session) was defined to imprint an indelible character on the soul. In a general sense the term Holy Orders refers to those in the Christian religion who have been ordained in Apostolic Succession. According to Roman Catholic Church teaching a sacramental character is an indelible spiritual mark (the meaning of the word character in Latin The priesthood of the New Testament takes the place of the Levitical priesthood. To the performance of its functions, the consent of the people is not necessary.

In the decrees on marriage (twenty-fourth session) the excellence of the celibate state was reaffirmed (see also Clerical celibacy (Catholic Church)), concubinage condemned and the validity of marriage made dependent upon its being performed before a priest and two witnesses -- although the lack of a requirement for parental consent ended a debate that had proceeded from the twelfth century. Celibacy refers to the lack of participation in Sexual intercourse. Clerical celibacy is the discipline by which in some of the Particular Churches that constitute the Catholic Church, only unmarried men are as a rule to be In the case of a divorce, the right of the innocent party to marry again was denied so long as the other party is alive, even if the other may have committed adultery. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is the termination of a Marriage.

In the twenty-fifth and last session, the doctrines of purgatory, the invocation of saints and the veneration of relics were reaffirmed, as was also the efficacy of indulgences as dispensed by the Church according to the power given her, but with some cautionary recommendations. See also Intermediate state Limbo|Heaven|Sheol|Hades in Christianity|Hell in Christianity Purgatory, in the original sense is the condition or process of purification A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity A relic is an object or a personal item of religious significance carefully preserved with an air of Veneration as a tangible memorial

The council appointed, in 1562 (eighteenth session), a commission to prepare a list of forbidden books (Index Librorum Prohibitorum), but it later left the matter to the Pope. The Index Librorum Prohibitorum ("List of Prohibited Books" was a list of publications prohibited by the Roman Catholic Church. The preparation of a catechism and the revision of the Breviary and Missal were also left to the pope. During the Catholic Reformation, the Council of Trent commissioned the Roman Catechism (or Catechism of the Council of Trent published 1566) to expound A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise' is a Liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church A missal is a Liturgical book containing all instructions and texts necessary for the celebration of Mass throughout the year The catechism embodied the council's far-reaching results, including reforms and definitions of the sacraments, the Scriptures, church dogma, and duties of the clergy. ^[1]

On adjourning, the Council asked the supreme pontiff to ratify all its decrees and definitions. This petition was complied with by Pope Pius IV, January 26, 1564, in the papal bull, Benedictus Deus, which enjoins strict obedience upon all Catholics and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorized interpretation, reserving this to the Pope alone and threatens the disobedient with "the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul. Pope Pius IV ( March 31, 1499 &ndash December 9, 1565) born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565 Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Excommunication is a religious Censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community " Pope Pius appointed a commission of cardinals to assist him in interpreting and enforcing the decrees.

The Index librorum prohibitorum was announced 1564 and the following books were issued with the papal imprimatur: the Profession of the Tridentine Faith and the Tridentine Catechism (1566), the Breviary (1568), the Missal (1570) and the Vulgate (1590 and then 1592). An Imprimatur is an official declaration from the hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church that a literary or similar work is free from error in matters of Roman Catholic During the Catholic Reformation, the Council of Trent commissioned the Roman Catechism (or Catechism of the Council of Trent published 1566) to expound The Vulgate is an early Fifth Century version of the Bible in Latin, and largely the result of the labours of Jerome, who was commissioned by

The decrees of the council were acknowledged in Italy, Portugal, Poland and by the Catholic princes of Germany at the Diet of Augsburg in 1566. The Diet of Augsburg were the meetings of the Reichstag of the Holy Roman Empire in the German city of Augsburg. Philip II of Spain accepted them for Spain, the Netherlands and Sicily insofar as they did not infringe the royal prerogative. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 In France they were officially recognized by the king only in their doctrinal parts. The disciplinary sections received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops. No attempt was made to introduce it into England. Pius IV sent the decrees to Mary, Queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland, but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for John Knox (c 1510 – 24 November 1572 was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation who is considered the founder of the Presbyterian

These decrees were later supplemented by the First Vatican Council of 1870. The First Vatican Council was summoned by Pope Pius IX by the bull Pastor Aeternus of June 29, 1868. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Publication of documents

The canons and decrees of the council have been published very often and in many languages (for a large list consult British Museum Catalogue, under "Trent, Council of"). The first issue was by P. Manutius (Rome, 1564). The best Latin editions are by J. Le Plat (Antwerp, 1779) and by F. Schulte and A. L. Richter (Leipsig, 1853). Other good editions are in vol. vii. of the Acta et decreta conciliorum recentiorum. Collectio Lacensis (7 vols. , Freiburg, 1870-90), reissued as independent volume (1892); Concilium Tridentinum: Diariorum, actorum, epastularum, . . . collectio, ed. S. Merkle(4 vols. , Freiburg, 1901 sqq. ; only vols. i. -iv. have as yet appeared); not to overlook Mansi, Concilia, xxxv. Mansi (obsolete Voguls) are an endangered Indigenous people living in Khantia-Mansia, an Autonomous okrug within Tyumen Oblast in 345 sqq. Note also Mirbt, Quellen, 2d ed, pp. 202-255. The best English edition is by J. Waterworth (London, 1848; With Essays on the External and Internal History of the Council).

The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop Angelo Massarelli, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the Vatican Library and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years and were brought to light, though only in part, by Augustin Theiner, priest of the oratory (d. The Vatican Library ( Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) is the Library of the Holy See, currently located in Vatican City. Augustin Theiner (b at Breslau, 11 April[[ 804]] d at Civitavecchia, 8 August[[ 874]] was a German theologian and historian 1874), in Acta genuina sancti et oecumenici Concilii Tridentini nunc primum integre edita (2 vols. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common , Leipzig, 1874).

Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the sixteenth century and since. The most complete collection of them is that of J. Le Plat, Monumentorum ad historicam Concilii Tridentini collectio (7 vols. , Leuven, 1781-87). New materials were brought to light by J. Mendham, Memoirs of the Council of Trent (London, 1834-36), from the manuscript history of Cardinal Paleotto; more recently by T. Sickel, Actenstücke aus österreichischen Archiven (Vienna, 1872); by JJI von Döllinger (Ungedruckte Berichte und Tagebücher zur Geschichte des Concilii von Trient) (2 parts, Nördlingen, 1876); and A. Johann Joseph Ignaz von Döllinger ( February 28, 1799 - January 14, 1890) was a German theologian, Catholic von Druffel, Monumenta Tridentina (Munich, 1884-97).

List of dogmatic decrees

Doctrine	Session	Date	Canons	Decrees
On the Symbol of the Faith	3	February 4, 1546	None	1
The Holy Scriptures	4	April 8, 1546	None	1
Original sin	5	June 7, 1546	5	4
Justification	6	January 13, 1547	33	16
The Sacraments in General	7	March 3, 1547	13	1
Baptism	7	March 3, 1547	14	None
Confirmation	7	March 3, 1547	3	None
Holy Eucharist	13	October 11, 1551	11	8
Penance	14	November 15, 1551	15	15
Extreme Unction	14	November 4, 1551	4	3
Holy Eucharist, On Communion	21	June 16, 1562	4	3
Holy Eucharist, On the Sacrifice of the Mass	22	September 9, 1562	9	4
Holy Orders	23	July 15, 1563	8	3
Matrimony	24	November 11, 1563	12	1
Purgatory	25	December 4, 1563	None	1
Cults: Saints Relics Images	25	December 4, 1563	None	3
Indulgences	25	December 4, 1563	None	1

References

See also

• Counter-Reformation

External links

• A Catholic View of the Council from the Catholic Encyclopedia
• The text of the Council of Trent translated by J. The Counter-Reformation (also Catholic Reformation denotes the period of Catholic revival from the pontificate of Pope Pius IV in 1560 to the close of the Waterworth, 1848

This article includes content derived from the Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, 1914, which is in the public domain. The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a religious Encyclopedia (1st edition 1882-84 3rd edition 1891 new edition published in thirteen volumes The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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