Cougaar is a Java-based architecture for the construction of large-scale distributed agent-based applications. It is the product of a multi-year DARPA research project into large scale agent systems and includes not only the core architecture but also a variety of demonstration, visualization and management components to simplify the development of complex, distributed applications. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA is an agency of the United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new Technology In Computer science, a software agent is a piece of software that acts for a user or other program in a relationship of agency.
Cougaar is an abbreviation, of sorts, for "Cognitive Agent Architecture".