| Comune di Cortona | |
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 Municipal coat of arms |
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| Country |  Italy |
| Region | Tuscany |
| Province | Arezzo (AR) |
| Mayor | Andrea Vignini (since June 2004) |
| Elevation | 494 m (1,621 ft) |
| Area | 342. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 In Italy, a Province (in Italian provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between Municipality ( Comune Arezzo ( Provincia di Arezzo) is the easternmost province in the Tuscany region of Italy. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " 33 km² (132 sq mi) |
| Population (as of 31-08-2007) | |
| - Total | 22,777 |
| - Density | 67/km² (174/sq mi) |
| Time zone | CET, UTC+1 |
| Coordinates | |
| Gentilic | Cortonesi |
| Dialing code | 0575 |
| Postal code | 52044 |
| Frazioni | Adatti, Bocena, Borgonuovo, Camucia, Cantalena, Capezzine Centoia, Casale, Cegliolo, Chianacce, Cignano, Creti, Falzano, Farneta, Fasciano, Fossa del Lupo, Fratta, Fratticciola, Gabbiano, Mengaccini, Mercatale, Mezzavia, Monsigliolo, Montalla, Montanare, Montecchio, Novelle, Ossaia, Pergo, Pierle, Pietraia, Poggioni, Portole, Riccio, Ronzano, Ruffignano, San Donnino Val di Pierle, San Lorenzo Rinfrena, San Marco in Villa, San Pietro a Cegliolo, San Pietro a Dame, Santa Caterina, Sant’Andrea di Sorbello, Sant’Angelo, Seano, Sodo, Tavarnelle, Terontola, Teverina, Tornia, Torreone, Valecchie, Vallone. Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place Here are a list of area codes in Italy. All numbers here begin with the country code (0039 A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a Comune; for other Administrative Camucia is a small town in Tuscany in central Italy. It is a Frazione of Cortona. |
| Patron | Saint Margaret of Cortona |
| - Day | 22 February |
| Website: http://www.comune.cortona.ar.it/ | |
Cortona is a town and comune in the province of Arezzo, in Tuscany, Italy. Saint Margaret of Cortona ( 1247 - February 22, 1297) was an Italian Penitent of the Third Order of St Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Arezzo ( Provincia di Arezzo) is the easternmost province in the Tuscany region of Italy. Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
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History
Cortona was founded by the Etruscans, who called it Curtun in their language. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy The Etruscan Language was spoken and written by the Etruscan civilization in the ancient region of Etruria (modern Tuscany plus western The city was also important during Roman times. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC
The Castle of Pierle, near Lake Trasimeno to the south of Cortona, already existed in the 10th century. Lake Trasimeno or Trasimene (in Italian: Lago Trasimeno) is the largest lake in the Italian peninsula south of the Po with a surface It was the property of the marquises of Saint Mount Maria Tiberina. In 1428 there is a contract of sale by the Republic of Florence and payment of 1200 gold florins when it became free of Cortona. However that wasn't enough to save the Rocca, and it was voluntarily destroyed by the Grand Duke so that outlaws would not take refuge there.
The Cortona foundation legend
The Etruscan antiquity of the city is not in doubt, but its foundation is lost in the mists of many legends which were already told in classical times. These were later reworked especially in the late Renaissance period under Cosimo I de' Medici. Cosimo I de' Medici (June 12 1519 &ndash April 21 1574 was Duke of Florence from 1537 to 1574 reigning as the first Grand They were concerned with reconciling of two opposed purposes:
(a) The Florentine ruling class wanted to portray the huge domain of Tuscany as ancient Etruria, and to trace all its most famous towns right back to the time immediately following Noah's Flood. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Tuscany (Toscana is a region in Italy. It has an area of 22990 km² and a population of about 3 Etruria &mdash usually referred to in Greek and Latin source texts as Tyrrhenia &mdash was a region of Central Italy, located in an area Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of They wanted official recognition for them as a Grand Duchy, to obtain the title of Grand Duke for Cosimo. A grand duchy is a territory whose Head of state is a Grand Duke or Grand Duchess. The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог This was granted by Pope Pius V in 1570. Pope
(b) The Cortonese ruling class wanted to portray the city as the oldest and most noble in Tuscany, and to suggest that its local government arose from the Etruscan lucumonia and had been perpetuated in the medieval Comune. In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in Hence they could argue for a share in the citizen government, after their rivals, the Florentine Lords, had taken control of the town.
The 17th-century Guide of Giacomo Lauro, reworked from writings of the notorious forger Annio of Viterbo (1432-1502), which draws on many ancient writers, tells that 108 years after the Flood Noah, navigating from the mouth of the Tiber across the Paglia entered the Val di Chiana and, liking this place better than anywhere else in Italy because it was so fertile, stopped and dwelt there for thirty years. Viterbo is an ancient city and Comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the Province of Viterbo. Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of The Tiber ( Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest River in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains Paglia is a surname and may refer to Camille Paglia (born 1947 American social critic author and teacher Francesco Paglia (1636-1700
Among his descendants a son named Crano came to the hilltop and, liking the high position, the fine countryside and the calm air, built the city of Cortona on it in the year 273 after the Flood. Stefano (Greek historian, c. AD 539-545) calls this the third city of Italy constructed after the Flood, and the original capital of the Turreni. Noah, approving of Crano's work, named him Corito, i. e. King, and heir to the Kingdom.
Crano, taking this title, built a palace tower atop the hill. Its remains are still at Torremozza. Crano's kingdom was called Turrenia because Noah's descendants built cities with high towers. That was the original name of Tuscany, and its inhabitants were called Turreni. But being descended from Noah, who was saved from the waters (Latin, "ab imbribus"), some were also called Imbri or (commonly) Umbri.
Dardanus, a descendant of Cranus, after local disputes fled to Samothrace, then to Phrygia and at last to Lydia, and founded there the city of Troy. In Greek mythology, Dardanus ( Greek: Δάρδανος English translation: "burned up" from the verb δαρδάπτω ( dardapto Samothrace (Σαμοθράκη is an island municipality in Greece, in the northern Aegean Sea. In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or From Troy some descendants of Dardano, still Greek, returned to live in Turrenia (i. e. Toscana), and were the Etruscans. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy Among them were Ulysses and Pythagoras. grc-Latn Odysseus or la Ulysses ( Greek grc-Latn Odysseus; Latin: la Ulixes or more commonly Ulysses) oʊˈdɪsiəs "Pythagoras of Samos" redirects here For the Samian statuary of the same name see Pythagoras (sculptor.
Aristotle (4th century BC) and his contemporary Theopompus report older traditions that Ulysses emigrated to Italy after his return to Ithaca. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Theopompus, a Greek Historian and Rhetorician was born on Chios about 380 BC. Ithaca or Ithaka (in Greek, Ιθάκη, Ithaki) is an island in the Ionian Sea, in Greece, with an area of 118 km² According to them he came to Etruria, to a city which Theopompus calls Curtonaia, and they locate his tomb nearby. In Etruria (where he is esteemed) Ulysses was called Nanos, 'the Wanderer', and his tomb was said to be at "Monte Perge" near modern Pergo. Pergo is a Swedish Flooring product company noted primarily for its Laminate flooring products According to Virgil (Aeneid III and VII) Aeneas, a descendant of Dardano, fled the destruction of Troy and came to Latium (Lazio) where his descendants founded Rome. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in Latium was a region of ancient Italy, home to the original Latin people. For the football club see SS Lazio Lazio ( Latium in Latin) is a regione of central Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Hence Cortona had given rise first to Troy, and then to Rome.
The story that Pythagoras lived at Cortona, died and was buried there (the "Tanella di Pitagora") was a confusion between Cortona and Crotona in southern Italy. Croton may also refer to a plant genus See Croton (genus. Or to the NY village Croton-on-Hudson.
Main sights
The prevailing character of Cortona’s architecture is medieval with steep narrow streets situated on a hillside (altitude 600 metres), embracing a view of the whole of the Valdichiana. From the Piazza Garibaldi (still referred to by the local population by its older name, Piazza Carbonaia) is a fine prospect of Lago Trasimeno, scene of Hannibal's ambush of the Roman army in 217 BC (Battle of Lake Trasimene). Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. Lake Trasimeno or Trasimene (in Italian: Lago Trasimeno) is the largest lake in the Italian peninsula south of the Po with a surface Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash The Battle of Lake Trasimene ( June 24, 217 BC, April on the Julian calendar) was a Roman defeat in the Second Punic War between the Carthaginians Parts of the Etruscan city wall can still be seen today as the basis of the present wall. The main street, via Nazionale, is the only street in the town with no gradient, and is still usually referred to by locals by its older name of Ruga Piana, or "level street".
Inside the Palazzo Casali is the Museo dell'Accademia Etrusca that displays items from Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian civilizations, as well as art and artefacts from the Medieval and Renaissance eras. The distinguished Etruscan Academy Museum had its foundation in 1727 with the collections and library of Onofrio Baldelli. Among its most famous ancient artefacts is the bronze lampadario or Etruscan hanging lamp, found at Fratta near Cortona in 1840 and then acquired by the Academy for the large sum of 1600 Florentine scudi. Its iconography includes (under the 18 burners) alternating figures of Silenus playing panpipes or double flutes, and of sirens or harpies. The Silenoi (Σειληνοί were followers of Dionysus. They were drunks and were usually bald and fat with thick lips and squat noses and had the legs of a human The pan flute or pan pipe (also known as panflute or panpipes) is an ancient Musical instrument based on the principle of the Closed In Greek mythology, a harpy ("snatcher" from harpȳia ἅρπυια harpūia) was any one of the mainly winged death-spirits best known for constantly Within zones representing waves, dolphins and fiercer sea-creatures is a gorgon-like face with protruding tongue. In Greek mythology, a gorgon ( Greek: γοργώ or γοργών transl Between each burner is a modelled horned head of Achelous. In Greek mythology, Achelous (English ækɨˈloʊəs Greek: (Achelōos was the patron deity of the "silver-swirling" Acheloos River, which It is supposed that the lampadario derived from some important north Etruscan religious shrine of around the second half of the fourth century BC. A later (2nd century BC) inscription shows it was rededicated for votive purposes (tinscvil) by the Musni family at that time. [1] The Museum contains several other important Etruscan bronzes.
Etruscan chamber-tombs nearby include the 'Tanella di Pitagora' (halfway up the hill from Camucia), two at the foot of the hillside at Il Sodo, and a complex in Camucia. Camucia is a small town in Tuscany in central Italy. It is a Frazione of Cortona. Il Sodo I contains pitch-roofed chambers of slab construction with an inscription, and can be visited. Il Sodo II contained a stone stepped platform with carved sphinxes devouring warriors, the originals in Arezzo Museum (1998). [2]
The town's chief artistic treasures are two panels by Fra Angelico in the Diocesan Museum, an Annunciation and a Madonna and Child with Saints. Fra Angelico (c 1395 &ndash February 18 1455) born Guido di Pietro, was an Early Italian Renaissance painter referred to in Vasari In Christianity the Annunciation ( grc Ευαγγελισμός της Θεοτόκου, Evangelismós tēs Theotókou in Greek) is the revelation A third surviving work by the same artist is the fresco above the entrance to the church of San Domenico, likewise painted during his stay at Cortona in 1436. [1],[2]. The Diocesan Museum houses also a group of work by Giuseppe Maria Crespi, known as Lo Spagnuolo, called Ecstasy of St. Giuseppe Maria Crespi ( March 14 1665 &ndash July 16 1747) nicknamed Lo Spagnuolo ("the Spanish One" was an Italian Margaret. The Academy Museum includes the very well-known painting Maternità of 1916 by the Cortonese artist Gino Severini. Gino Severini ( 1883 – 1966) was an Italian painter and a leading member of the Futurist movement There are also examples of the works of Pietro Berrettini (1596-1669), called Pietro da Cortona, pupil of Andrea Commodi. Pietro da Cortona, byname of Pietro Berrettini ( November 1 1596 - May 16, 1669) was an Italian artist and architect of High Baroque Pietro da Cortona, byname of Pietro Berrettini ( November 1 1596 - May 16, 1669) was an Italian artist and architect of High Baroque Andrea Commodi (1560 – 1648 was an Italian painter of the early- Baroque period
![[1]](http://cortona.tuscantreasures.net/cortsandomenicoext.jpg){kind=link}
![[2]](http://www.abbazie.com/chiese/foto/SanDomenicoCortona_PB230623a.jpg){kind=link}
Churches
In Cortona there are two typical Renaissance churches, which demonstrate two different principles of construction. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere
Santa Maria Nuova
Santa Maria Nuova, of 1554, is a church of square ground-plan. The Renaissance took hold anew of the ideal of the centralised ground-plan for church-building. This church offers the primary example of such a centralised design. It is unfortunately not in very good condition, and is not open for sightseeing or inspection.
Madonna del Calcinaio
Only a few hundred meters away stands the church of the „Madonna del Calcinaio“. It was built in 1484-1515 by Francesco di Giorgio Martini (1439-1502) in connection with an alleged miracle-performing image of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Francesco di Giorgio Martini (baptised September 23, 1439 – 1502 was an Italian painter of the Sienese School, a sculptor an architect This ecumenical article is about general Christian views on and veneration of the Virgin Mary [3] This image was originally located in the walls of a chalk cave or hollow, a calcinaio, hence the name.
In cases like this, where the strength of the Renaissance ideal of centralized building-design is applied to a nave-construction, the eastern part of the building was generally developed into a centralized form, that would then be crowned with a large cupola, foreshadowing the cathedral at Florence. Externally the church does not appear especially remarkable, but it has been very beautifully restored within. It has unusually high arches. Here also can be discerned the distinguishing marks of Renaissance architecture: clear, geometrical forms, the combination of rectilinear forms with bowed shapes and circles, classicizing gabled windows, the colouring of the plain surface, which is maintained entirely in white.
(Text from German Wikipedia)
Transportation
Cortona may be accessed by rail: the closest station is Camucia-Cortona, three kilometres away. Camucia is a small town in Tuscany in central Italy. It is a Frazione of Cortona. There are direct trains from Florence, Rome, and Foligno (via Perugia).
See also
- Tabula Cortonensis - An ancient Etruscan artifact found in the city of Cortona in 1992. The Tabula Cortonensis, or the Cortona Tablet in English is a ca
References
- ^ P. Bruschetti et al. , Il Museo dell'Accademia Etrusca di Cortona, Catalogo (2nd Ediz. , Calosci, Cortona 1996).
- ^ La Cortona dei Principes, ed P. Z. Grassi, Cortona 1992.
- ^ G. Binding, Meister der Baukunst. Geschichte des Architekten- und Ingenieurberufes (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt 2004), p. 158.
External links
- Cortona - Art and Architecture
- - Maec - The Museum of the Etruscan Academy
- Tuscan Sun Festval
- Thayer's Gazetteer of Italy - Pierle
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