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Corrido is also a type of song in Capoeira music. In Capoeira, music sets the rhythm the style of play and the energy of a game For the Italian commune, see Corrido, Italy. Corrido is a Comune (municipality in the Province of Como in the Italian region Lombardy, located about north of Milan

The corrido is a popular narrative song and poetry form, a ballad, of the mestizo Mexican cultural area (which includes the Southwestern states of the United States). In Jazz and Popular music, the term ballad denotes a short Song in a slow Tempo, usually with a romantic or sentimental text though the term Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It derives largely from the 18th century Spanish romance, and in its most known form consists of 1) a salutation from the singer and prologue to the story; 2) the story itself; 3) a moral and farewell from the singer. As a Literary genre of High culture, romance or chivalric romance refers to a style of heroic Prose and verse Narrative

Contents

Themes

Various themes are featured in Mexican corridos, and corrido lyrics are often old legends (stories) and ballads about a famed criminal or hero in the rural frontier areas of Mexico. Some corridos may also be love stories. Also, there are corridos about women( La Venganza de Maria, Laurita Garza,La tragedia de Rosita. . . . )and couples, not just about men. Contemporary corridos written within the past few decades feature much more modern themes.

Form

Corridos, like rancheras, have introductory instrumental music and adornos interrupting the stanzas of the lyrics. The ranchera is a genre of the traditional Music of Mexico. Although closely associated with the Mariachi groups which evolved in Jalisco However, unlike rancheras, its rhythm remains fairly consistent. The corrido has a rhythm very much similar to the European waltz; rancheras can be played at a variety of rhythms. The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. Corridos often tell stories, while rancheras are for dancing.

Like rancheras, corridos can be played by mariachi, norteño, banda, duranguense, Tejano and grupero bands. MARIACHI, the Mixed Apparatus for Radar Investigation of Cosmic-rays of High Ionization, is an apparatus for the detection of Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR Norteño (literally meaning "northern" in Spanish; also known as norteña or conjunto) is a genre of Mexican music. Banda (often referred to as banda sinaloense in Spanish in order to distinguish it from other types of bands since banda simply means "band" in Spanish is a Duranguense (also known as el pasito duranguense) is a Genre of Mexican music. Tejano or Tex-Mex music is also a kind of music originating in Texas The instruments used to play the song differs with the type of band that plays the corrido.

History

An example of a corrido song sheet or sheet music, this one from 1915 at the height of the Mexican Revolution
An example of a corrido song sheet or sheet music, this one from 1915 at the height of the Mexican Revolution

Until the arrival and success of electronic mass-media (mid-20th century), the corrido served in Mexico as the main informational and educational outlet, even with subversive purposes, due to its apparent linguistic and musical simplicity, appropriate for oral transmission. Subversion refers to an attempt to overthrow structures of Authority, including the State. After the spread of radio and television, the genre evolved into a new stage and is still in process of maturity. Some scholars, however, consider the corrido to be dead or agonizing in more recent times (see affirmations of Vicente T. Mendoza, El corrido mexicano, 1954). In more rural areas where Spanish and Mexican cultures have been preserved because of isolation, the romance has taken on other forms related to the corrido as well. In New Mexico, for example, a story-song emerged during the colonial period that was known as an Indita, which loosely follows the format of a corrido, but is chanted rather than sung, similar to a Native American chant, hence the name Indita.

The earliest living specimens of corrido are adapted versions of Spanish romances or European tales, mainly about disgraced or idealized love, or religious topics. These, that include (among others) "La Martina" (an adaptation of the romance "La Esposa Infiel") and "La Delgadina", show the same basic stylistic features of the mainstream of later corridos (1/2 or 3/4 tempo and "verso menor" lyric composing, meaning verses of eight or less phonetic syllables, grouped in strophes of six or less verses).

Beginning with the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) and culminating during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1921), the genre flourished and acquired its "epic" tones, along with the three-step narrative structure as described above. The Mexican War of Independence (1810 - 1821 was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities which started on September 16 1810 The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana was a major armed struggle that started with an uprising led by Francisco I

Prior to widespead use of radio, popular corridos were passed around as an oral tradition, often to spread news of events and popular heroes, and popular humor, to the population, many of whom were illiterate prior to the improvements to the educational system that occurred after the Revolution. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Academic study of corridos written during the Mexican revolution shows they were used as a means to communicate news throughout Mexico as a response to the propaganda being spread in the newspapers which were owned by the corrupt government of Pofirio Díaz. Sheet music of popular corridos were sold or included in publications. Sheet music is a hand-written or printed form of Musical notation; like its analogs -- books pamphlets etc Other corrido sheets were passed out free as a form of propaganda, to eulogize leaders, armies, and political movements, or in some cases to mock the opposition. Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behaviors of large numbers of people The best known Revolutionary corrido, is, of course, La cucaracha, an old song that was rephrased to celebrate the exploits of Pancho Villa's army and poke fun at his nemesis Venustiano Carranza. " La Cucaracha " ("The Cockroach " is a traditional Spanish language folk song of the genre known as a Corrido Doroteo Arango Arámbula ( June 5 1878 &ndash July 20 1923) better known as Francisco or " Pancho " Villa

With the consolidation of "Presidencialismo" (the political era following the Mexican Revolution) and the success of electronic mass-media, the corrido lost its primacy as a mass communications form, becoming part of a folklorist cult on one branch, and on another, the voice of the new subversives: oppressed workers, drug growers or traffickers; leftist activists, emigrated farmworkers (mainly to the USA). A presidential system is a System of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term separately from the Legislature . . This is what scholars call the "decaying" stage of the genre, which tends to erase the stylistic or structural characteristics of "revolutionary" or traditional corrido, without a clear and unified understanding of its evolution. This is mainly signified by the "narcocorrido", many of which are egocentric ballads paid for by drug smugglers to anonymous and almost illiterate composers (more about this asserts in Spanish_Wikipedia), but others coming from the most popular norteno and banda artists, and written by some of the most successful and influential ranchera composers. A narcocorrido is a kind of Mexican music which evolved out of the norteño folk Corrido tradition using a danceable Accordion -based Polka

In mestizo-Mexican cultural area the three variants of corrido (romance, revolutionary and modern) are both alive and sung, along with sister narrative-popular genres, such as the "valona" of Michoacán state, the "son arribeño" of the Sierra Gorda (Guanajuato, Hidalgo and Querétaro states) and others. The valona is a popular narrative song- and poetry-form of the Mexican state of Michoacán. the northeast third of Querétaro state state in Mexico, the Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve covers 383567 ha of a rugged arm of the Sierra Madre Occidental Its vitality and flexibility allow original corrido lyrics to be built on non-Mexican musical genres, such as blues and ska, and even non-Spanish lyrics, like the ones composed or translated by Mexican indigenous communities or by the "Chicano" people in USA, in English or "Spanglish". The Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of Music based on the use of the Blue notes It emerged as an accessible form of self-expression Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor Chicano (feminine Chicana) is a politically-loaded word for a Mexican American (in the sense of native-born Americans of Mexican ancestry as opposed to Mexican Spanglish espanglish, espaninglish, el Spanish broken, ingléspañol, ingleñol The corrido was, for example, a favorite device employed by the Teatro Campesino led by Luis Valdez in mobilizing largely Mexican and Mexican American farmworkers in California during the 1960s. El Teatro Campesino ("farmworkers' ( Campesino) theater" is a theatrical troupe founded in 1965 as the cultural arm of the United Luis Valdez (born June 26, 1940) is an American Playwright, Writer and Film director.

Musical characteristics

The corrido was originally performed as a melodically simple tune with guitar accompaniment. It was performed in waltz time and now commonly adopts a polka rhythm. The waltz is a ballroom and folk Dance in time, performed primarily in Closed position. The polka is a fast lively Central European Dance and also a genre of dance music familiar throughout Europe and the Americas Since the commercialization of the corrido, it is often performed by conjuntos produced professionally by recording companies. Conjunto, taken from Spanish, literally meaning "group" from Latin "coniunctus"

Films

References

External links

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