Corpus luteum
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Section of the ovary. 1. Outer covering. 1’. Attached border. 2. Central stroma. 3. Peripheral stroma. 4. Bloodvessels. 5. Vesicular follicles in their earliest stage. 6, 7, 8. More advanced follicles. 9. An almost mature follicle. 9’. Follicle from which the ovum has escaped. 10. Corpus luteum.
Gray's	subject #266 1256
Dorlands/Elsevier	c_56/12260569

The corpus luteum (Latin for "yellow body") (plural corpora lutea) is a temporary endocrine structure in mammals, involved in the production of the progestogens that are needed for the maintenance of a pregnancy. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Elsevier, the world's largest Publisher of Medical and Scientific literature, forms part of the Reed Elsevier group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The endocrine system is an integrated system of small organs that involve the release of extracellular signaling molecules known as Hormones The endocrine system is instrumental Progestagens (also spelled progestogens or gestagens) are Hormones that produce effects similar to those of Progesterone, the only natural progestagen

Contents 1 Development and structure 2 Function 2.1 When egg is not fertilized 2.2 When egg is fertilized 3 Additional images 4 External links 5 References

Development and structure

The corpus develops from an ovarian follicle during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle, following the release of a secondary oocyte from the follicle during ovulation. Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of a roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the Ovary. The luteal phase (or secretory phase) is the latter phase of the Menstrual cycle (in humans and a few other animals or the Estrous cycle (in other The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiologic changes that occurs in reproductive-age Females Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the Oestrus is also the biological genus name of the gadfly. The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; derived from Latin Note This article deals primarily with Human ovulation nonhuman Animal ovulation is touched on briefly at the conclusion The follicle first forms a corpus hemorrhagicum before it becomes a corpus luteum, but the term simply refers to the visible collection of blood left after rupture of the follicle, and has no functional significance. The corpus hemorrhagicum ("bloody body" is a temporary structure formed immediately after Ovulation from the Ovarian follicle. While the oocyte (later the zygote) traverses the Fallopian tube into the uterus, the corpus luteum remains in the ovary. An oocyte, ovocyte, or rarely ocyte, is a female Gametocyte or Germ cell involved in reproduction. For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation. A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zugōtos "joined" or "yoked" The Fallopian tubes, also known as oviducts, uterine tubes, and salpinges ( singular salpinx) are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated The uterus (from the Latin word for womb) is the major Female reproductive organ of most Mammals including Humans One end the "Ovaria" redirects here This is also a proposed section and a Synonym of Solanum.

The corpus luteum is typically very large relative to the size of the ovary; in humans, the size of the structure ranges from under 2 mm to 5 mm in diameter. ^[1][2]

Its cells develop from the follicular cells surrounding the ovarian follicle:

Source	Becomes	Secretion
The granulosa cells	the inner granulosa lutein layer	progesterone
Theca cells	the outer theca lutein layer	estrogen, androgens

Function

The corpus luteum is essential for establishing and maintaining pregnancy in females. Ovarian follicle is the basic unit of female reproductive biology and is composed of a roughly spherical aggregations of cells found in the Ovary. A granulosa cell is a Somatic cell found closely associated with the developing female Gamete (called an Oocyte or egg Progesterone is a C-21 Steroid Hormone involved in the Female Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy (supports Gestation The theca folliculi comprise a layer of the Ovarian follicles They appear as the follicles become Tertiary follicles The theca are divided into two layers the Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound usually a Steroid Hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine

In the ovary, the corpus luteum secretes oestrogens and progesterone, which are steroid hormones responsible for the thickening of the endometrium and its development and maintenance, respectively. Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, Progesterone is a C-21 Steroid Hormone involved in the Female Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy (supports Gestation Steroid hormones are Steroids which act as Hormones Mammalian steroid hormones can be grouped into five groups by the receptors to which they bind The endometrium is the inner membrane of the Mammalian Uterus.

When egg is not fertilized

If the egg is not fertilized, the corpus luteum stops secreting progesterone and decays (after approximately 14 days in humans). It then degenerates into a corpus albicans, which is a mass of fibrous scar tissue. The corpus albicans (Latin for "white body") is the regressed form of the Corpus luteum. Scars (also called cicatrices) are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal Skin (or other tissue after injury

The uterine lining sloughs off without progesterone and is expelled through the vagina (in humans and some great apes, which go through a menstrual cycle). The menstrual cycle is a recurring cycle of physiologic changes that occurs in reproductive-age Females Overt menstruation (where there is blood flow from the In an estrus cycle, the lining degenerates back to normal size. Oestrus is also the biological genus name of the gadfly. The estrous cycle (also oestrous cycle; derived from Latin

When egg is fertilized

If the egg is fertilized and implantation occurs, the trophoblast cells of the blastocyst secrete the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG, or a similar hormone in other species). Implantation is an event that occurs early in pregnancy in which the Embryo adheres to the wall of Uterus. Trophoblasts (from Greek threphein: to feed and blastos: germinator are cells forming the outer layer of a Blastocyst, which provide nutrients The blastocyst is the structure formed in early Embryogenesis, after the formation of the Blastocoel, but before Implantation. Human chorionic gonadotropin ( hCG) is a Glycoprotein Hormone produced in Pregnancy that is made by the Embryo soon after conception

Human chorionic gonadotropin signals the corpus luteum to continue progesterone secretion, thereby maintaining the thick lining (endometrium) of the uterus, and providing an area rich in blood vessels in which the zygote(s) can develop. The blood vessels are part of the Circulatory system and function to transport Blood throughout the body For other meanings see Zygote (disambiguation. A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zugōtos "joined" or "yoked" From this point on, the corpus luteum is called the corpus luteum graviditatis.

The introduction of prostaglandins at this point causes the degeneration of the corpus luteum and the abortion of the fetus. A prostaglandin is any member of a group of Lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from Fatty acids and have important functions in the Animal body An A fetus (or foetus or fœtus) is a developing Mammal or other Viviparous Vertebrate, after the Embryonic stage and However, in placental animals such as humans, the placenta eventually takes over progesterone production and the corpus luteum degrades into a corpus albicans without embryo/fetus loss. The placenta is an Ephemeral organ present in placental Vertebrates, such as Eutherial Mammals and Sharks during Gestation The corpus albicans (Latin for "white body") is the regressed form of the Corpus luteum.

Additional images

Order of changes in ovary

Menstrual Cycle

External links

• Histology at BU 18201loa
• SUNY Labs 43:05-0106 - "The Female Pelvis: The Ovary"

References

1. ^ "Corpus Luteum Cyst of Pregnancy" at drspock.com
2. ^ "FSH and follucogenesis: from physiology to ovarian stimulation, W Vegetti, Reproductive Biomedicine Online 12(6), 684-694 (2006)

For similarly-named academic institutions see Education in Boston MA. The State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn, better known as SUNY Downstate Medical Center, is an academic medical center and is the only one of its kind

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