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This article is about a military unit. For alternative meanings, see Corps (disambiguation).

A Corps (pronounced /ˈkɔər/ "core"; plural /ˈkɔərz/ spelled the same as singular; from French, from the Latin corpus "body") is either a large formation, or an administrative grouping of troops within an armed force with a common function such as Artillery or Signals representing an Arm of Service. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A military organization is a way of structuring the armed forces of a State as a need to offer Military capability required by the National defence policy For the military meaning see Armed forces. For the Soviet sports society see Armed Forces (sports society Armed Forces Corps are mostly made up of three divsion and artillery, or made up of 25,000 men in the CSA. Branch of Service such as the United States Marine Corps, the Corps of Royal Marines, the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms, or the Corps of Commissionaires. The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms is a bodyguard to the British Monarch.

A Corps can also represent a group of personnel with common characteristics, training, and missions, such as volunteer, humanitarian, or social-progam organizations. Some examples are the Peace Corps, AmeriCorps, and the Mercy Corps. The Peace Corps is an independent United States federal agency. AmeriCorps is a US federal government program partnering with Non-profit organizations public agencies and Faith-based organizations that was created Mercy Corps is a Non-profit organization engaged in Humanitarian aid and development activities

Another organization is the Job Corps. Job Corps is a no-cost education and Vocational training program administered by the Office of the United States Secretary of the Department of Labor

Contents

Military formation

Standard NATO symbol for a Corps, the X'es are not substituting the Corps' number.
Standard NATO symbol for a Corps, the X'es are not substituting the Corps' number.

In many armies, a Corps is a battlefield formation composed of two or more divisions, and typically commanded by a lieutenant general. A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the During World War I and World War II, due to the large scale of combat, multiple Corps were combined into armies which then formed into army groups. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces An army group is a Military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods In the US and in some European armed forces the number of a Corps is traditionally indicated in Roman numerals (e. Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. g. XXI Corps). Initially constituted on December 2 1943 in the Army of the United States the XXI Corps was activated on December 6 1943 at Camp Polk Louisiana.

Australia

In the later stages of World War I, the five infantry divisions of the First Australian Imperial Force (AIF) — comprised entirely of personnel who had volunteered for service overseas — were united as the Australian Corps, on the Western Front, under Lieutenant General Sir John Monash. The First Australian Imperial Force (1st AIF was the main expeditionary force of the Australian Army during World War I. The Australian Corps was a World War I army Corps that contained all five Australian infantry divisions serving on the Western Front Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914 the German army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining General Sir John Monash GCMG, KCB, VD ( 27 June 1865 – 8 October 1931) was an Australian

During World War II, the Australian I Corps was formed to co-ordinate three Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF) units: the 6th, 7th and 9th Divisions, as well as other Allied units on some occasions, in the North African campaign and Greek campaign. I Corps of the Australian Army was the main frontline Corps of the army during World War II. The Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF was the name given to the Volunteer personnel of the Australian Army in World War II. The 6th Division of the Australian Army was a unit in the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF during World War II. The 7th Division of the Australian Army was formed to serve in World War II, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (2nd AIF The 9th Division of the Australian Army was formed to serve in World War II, as part of the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF During World War II, the North African Campaign, also known as the Desert War, took place in the North African desert from June 10, 1940 The Battle of Greece (also known as Operation Marita, Unternehmen Marita was a World War II battle that occurred on the Greek mainland and in southern Albania Following the commencement of the Pacific War, there was a phased withdrawal of I Corps to Australia, and the transfer of its headquarters to the Brisbane area, to control Allied army units in Queensland and northern New South Wales (NSW). The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent II Corps was also formed, with Militia units, to defend south-eastern Australia, and III Corps controlled land forces in Western Australia. The Australian II Corps was an Australian Army Corps. II Corps was established in early 1942 to command Australian Army units deployed to protect the Army Reserve is a collective name for the reserve units of the Australian Army. III Corps was an Australian Army unit during World War II. It was responsible for the defence of Western Australia in 1942 - 45. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Sub-corps formations controlled Allied land forces in the remainder of Australia. I Corps headquarters was later assigned control of the New Guinea campaign. The New Guinea campaign ( 1942 – 45) was one of the major Military campaigns of World War II. In early 1945, when I Corps was assigned the task of re-taking Borneo, II Corps took over in New Guinea. The Borneo Campaign of 1945 was the last major Allied campaign in the South West Pacific Area, during World War II.

Canada

Canada first fielded a Corps sized formation in the First World War; the Canadian Corps was unique in that its composition did not change from inception to the war's end, in contrast to British corps in France and Flanders. The Canadian Corps was a World War I Corps formed from the Canadian Expeditionary Force in September 1915 after the arrival of the 2nd Canadian The Canadian Corps consisted of four Canadian divisions. After the Armistice, the peacetime Canadian militia was nominally organized into Corps and divisions but no full time formations larger than a battalion were ever trained or exercised. Land Force Command ( LFC) is responsible for army operations within the Canadian Forces. Early in the Second World War, Canada's contribution to the British-French forces fighting the Germans was limited to a single division. After the fall of France in June 1940, a second division moved to England, coming under command of a Canadian Corps headquarters. This Corps was renamed I Canadian Corps as a second Corps headquarters was established in the UK, with the eventual formation of five Canadian divisions in England. I Canadian Corps was one of the two Corps comprising the First Canadian Army during World War II. I Canadian Corps eventually fought in Italy, II Canadian Corps in NW Europe, and the two were reunited in early 1945. II Canadian Corps was one of the two Corps comprising the First Canadian Army during World War II. After the formations were disbanded after VE Day, Canada has never subsequently organized a Corps headquarters.

France

The French Army under Napoleon used Corps-sized formations (French: Corps d'Armée) as the first formal combined-arms groupings of divisions with reasonably stable manning and equipment establishments. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people A division is a large Military unit or formation usually consisting of around ten to thirty thousand soldiers Napoleon first used the Corps d'Armée in 1805 . The use of the Corps d'Armée was a military innovation that provided Napoleon with a significant battlefield advantage in the early phases of the Napoleonic Wars. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions This innovation stimulated other European powers to adopt similar military structures. The Corps has remained an echelon of French Army organization to the modern day.

United Kingdom

The British Army still has a Corps headquarters for operational control of forces. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. I Corps of the British Army of the Rhine was redesignated the Headquarters Allied Command Europe Rapid Reaction Corps in 1994 . The I Corps was a military formation, specifically a field corps headquarters of the British Army There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR The Headquarters Allied Rapid Reaction Corps, ( HQ ARRC or ARRC) was created in 1992 in Bielefeld based on the former British I Corps It is no longer a purely British formation, although the UK is the 'framework nation' and provides most of the staff for the headquarters. A purely national Corps headquarters could be quickly reconstituted if necessary.

It took command of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan on 4th May 2006. Previously, it was deployed as the headquarters commanding land forces during the Kosovo War in 1999 and also saw service in Bosnia and Herzegovina, commanding the initial stages of the IFOR deployment prior to that in 1996 . The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan The Implementation Force ( IFOR) was a NATO -led multinational force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under a one year mandate from 20 December Otherwise, the only time a British Corps headquarters has been operationally deployed since 1945 was II Corps during the Suez Crisis. The British II Corps was formed in both World War I and World War II. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh

United States

The first Corps in the United States Army were legalized during the American Civil War by an Act of Congress on July 17, 1862, but Major General George B. McClellan designated six Corps organizations within his Army of the Potomac that spring. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 1826 October 29 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. Prior to this time, groupings of divisions were known by other names, such as "wings" and "grand divisions". The terminology "Army Corps" was often used. These organizations were much smaller than their modern counterparts. They were usually commanded by a major general, were composed of two to six divisions, although predominantly three, and typically included from 10,000 to 15,000 men. Although designated with numbers that are sometimes the same as modern U. S. Army Corps, there is no direct lineage between the 43 U. S. Corps of the Civil War and those with similar names in the 20th century due to Congressional legislature caused by the outcry from Grand Army of the Republic veterans during the Spanish-American War. In the Confederate States Army, Corps were authorized in November 1862. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. They were commanded by lieutenant generals and were usually larger than their Union Army counterparts because their divisions contained more brigades, each of which could contain more regiments. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. All of the Confederate Corps at the Battle of Gettysburg, for instance, exceeded 20,000 men. Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] However, for both armies, unit sizes varied dramatically with attrition throughout the war.

As of 2003, the United States Army has four field Corps. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The structure of a field Corps is not permanent; many of the units that it commands are allocated to it as needed on an ad hoc basis. On the battlefield, the field Corps is the highest level of the forces that is concerned with actually fighting and winning the war. Higher levels of command are concerned with administration rather than operations, at least under current doctrine. The Corps provides operational direction for the forces under its command. Corps are designated by consecutive Roman numerals. Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. The present active Corps in the US Army are I Corps ("eye core"), III Corps, V Corps (scheduled to deactivate in 2008 or 2009), and XVIII Airborne Corps; their numbers derive from four of the 30-odd corps that were formed during World War II. The I Corps ( First Corps) aka ("eye core" nicknamed America's Corps, is a Corps of the United States Army with headquarters The III Corps ( Third Corps) &mdashnicknamed the Phantom Corps, America's Hammer, and the Counterattack Corps &mdash is a Corps The V Corps ( Fifth Corps)—nicknamed the Victory Corps —is a Corps of the United States Army. The XVIII Airborne Corps is the Corps of the United States Army designed for rapid deployment anywhere in the world It also refers to a grouping of specialized troops such as the Army Corps of Engineers and the United States Marine Corps. The United States Army Corps of Engineers ( USACE) is a federal agency and a major Army command made up of some 34600 Civilian and 650 Military personnel

Soviet Union

Type Soviet Tank Corps and Tank Army of 1942 and 1943 using symbols.
Type Soviet Tank Corps and Tank Army of 1942 and 1943 using symbols. APP-6A Military Symbols for Land Based Systems is the NATO standard for military map marking symbols
Main article: Formations of the Soviet Army

The pre-World War II Red Army of the former USSR had rifle Corps much like in the Western sense with about three divisions to a Corps. Formations are those military organisations which are formed from different speciality Arms and Services troop units to create balances combined combat force World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A rifle corps (стрелковый корпус strelkovyy korpus) was a Soviet military organization of the mid-twentieth century [1] However, after the war started, the recently-purged Soviet senior command (Generals) structure was apparently unable to handle the formations, and the Armies and Corps were integrated into new, smaller "Armies" and those into fronts. A Front (фронт was a major Military organization in the Soviet Army, roughly equivalent to an Army group in the military terminology of other countries Rifle Corps were re-established during the war after Red Army commanders had gained experience handling larger formations. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya Before and during World War II, however, Soviet armored units were organized into Corps. The pre-war Mechanized Corps were made of divisions. A mechanized corps was a Soviet armoured formation used since before the beginning of World War II. In the reorganizations, these "Corps" were reorganized into tank brigades and support units, which in terms of actual strength were equivalent to armored divisions in most other armies. A brigade is a Military unit Echelon: is Due to this, they are sometimes, informally, referred to as "Brigade Buckets".

After the war, the Tank and Mechanized Corps were re-rated as divisions. During the reforms of 1956-58, most of the Corps were again disbanded to create the new Combined Arms and Tank Armies. A few Corps were nevertheless retained, of both patterns. The Vyborg and Archangel Corps of the Leningrad Military District were smaller armies with three low-readiness motorized rifle divisions each. The Leningrad Military District is a Military district of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The Category A Unified Corps of the Belarussian Military District (Western TVD/Strategic Direction) and Carpathian Military District (also Western TVD) were of the brigade pattern. The Byelorussian Military District (alternative spelling Belorussian was a Military district of the Soviet Armed Forces. The Carpathian Military District was a Military district of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1945 after the conclusion of the Second World War to 1990-91

The Soviet Air Force used ground terminology for its formations down to squadron level. As intermediates between the Division and the Air Army were Corps—these also had three Air Divisions each.

Administrative Corps

In the British Army and the armies of many Commonwealth countries, a Сorps is also a grouping by common function, or an Arm or a Service (e. g. Intelligence Corps, Royal Logistic Corps, Royal Corps of Signals), performing much the same function as a ceremonial infantry or cavalry regiment, with its own cap badge, stable belt, and other insignia and traditions. The Intelligence Corps (also known as Int Corps) is one of the Corps of the British Army. Royal Logistic Corps is the British Army Corps that provides the logistic support for the Army The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. A cap badge, also known as head badge or hat badge, is a badge worn on Uniform headgear and distinguishes the wearer's nationality and/or organisation A stable belt is an item of Uniform used in the Armed forces of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries The Royal Armoured Corps and the Corps of Infantry are looser groupings of independent regiments. The Royal Armoured Corps (RAC is currently a collection of ten regular Regiments mostly converted from old horse cavalry regiments, and four Yeomanry regiments

In Australia, soldiers belong foremost to a Corps which defines a common function or employment across the army. The Australian Army has a system of coloured lanyards, which each identify a soldier as part of a specific Corps (or sometimes individual battalion). The Australian Army is Australia's military land force It is part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF along with the Royal Australian Navy and the This lanyard is a woven piece of cord which is worn on ceremonial uniforms and dates back to the issue of clasp knives in the early 20th century which were secured to the uniform by a length of cord. If a soldier is posted to a unit outside of their parent corps, except in some circumstances the soldier continues to wear the hat badge and lanyard of their Corps (e. g. a Clerk posted to an infantry battalion would wear the lanyard of the Royal Australian Ordnance Corps)

In Canada, with the integration of the Canadian army into the Canadian Forces, the British Corps model was replaced with personnel branches, defined in Canadian Forces Administrative Orders (CFAOs) as ". Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence Personnel branch, in the Canadian Forces (CF refers to a grouping of related military occupations Canadian Forces Administrative Orders (CFAOs are issued to "supplement and amplify the Queen's Regulations and Orders (QR&O . . cohesive professional groups. . . based on similarity of military roles, customs and traditions. " CFAO 2-10)[1] However, the Armour Branch has continued to use the title Royal Canadian Armoured Corps, the Infantry Branch continued to use the Royal Canadian Infantry Corps designation, and the Artillery Branch uses the term Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery. The Royal Canadian Armoured Corps (RCAC is the Armoured branch of service of the Canadian Forces Land Force Command ( Canadian Army) including regular The Royal Canadian Infantry Corps no longer exists The Infantry is now a Personnel branch of the Canadian Forces (CF known as the "Infantry Branch" The Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery ( Fr: le Régiment royal de l'Artillerie canadienne is the Artillery Personnel branch of the Canadian

The Corps system is also used in the U. S. Army to group personnel with a common function, but without a regimental system there is less variation in insignia and tradition. These are often referred to as "Branches" and include the Quartermaster Corps, Ordnance Corps, Transportation Corps, Medical Corps, Chaplain Corps, Judge Advocate General's Corps, & Finance Corps. A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of Judge Advocate General's Corps, also known as JAG, can refer to the judicial arm of any of the United States Armed Forces including the Air Force Each of these Corps is also considered a "Regiment" for historic purposes but these Regiments have no tactical function.

In the US, there are non-military, administrative, training and certification Corps for commissioned officers of the government's uniformed services such as the Police Corps, the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the National Oceanic And Atmospheric Administration Corps. The United States has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized

The Salvation Army

The Salvation Army calls its local units corps. The Salvation Army is a Christian charity and church that is internally organised like a military service.

See also

References and Further Reading

  1. ^ Eve of war Soviet structure

Dictionary

corps

-noun

  1. (military) A battlefield formation composed of two or more divisions.
  2. An organized group of people united by a common purpose.
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