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Cornelius (fem. Cornelia, plural Cornelii) was the nomen of the patrician gens Cornelia, one of the most important families of Ancient Rome. By the Republican era and throughout the Imperial era, a Name in Ancient Rome for a male citizen consisted of three parts ( tria The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and In Ancient Rome, a gens (pl gentes) was a Clan, Caste, or group of Families, that shared a common name (the Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The origins of the family are unknown, but it may have been Etruscan in origin and, as such, late-comers to the Roman patriciate.

The family was a relatively young one among patricians, only attaining the consulship in 485 BC, but it rapidly rose to the top, and began to contest for consulships with the Fabii and the Valerii from the 3rd century BC. Events By place Persian Empire Darius I, one of the greatest rulers of the Achaemenid dynasty of For other people places and things named Fabius see Fabius (disambiguation. Valerius originally was a Roman Nomen of the Gens Valeria, one of the oldest patrician families of the city Over thirty percent of all consulships were held by men from this gens; several great commanders also came from this prominent family.

Possible Latin forms include, in the nominative:

Contents

Notable branches

The earliest known branch of the Cornelii are the Maluginensis (consuls 485 BC onwards) with the praenomens of Servius, Lucius, Marcus, and Publius (the last three being fairly typical Cornelian first names), with the last consuls from the branch in 379 BC. Events By place Greece Sparta suppresses the Chalcidian League and imposes terms favourable to King Amyntas III of Macedonia The next branch appearing are the Cossus (pl. Cossi) in 431 BC with the unusual praenomen of Aulus and more common (among Cornelii) of Gnaeus; the last consuls from this branch in 306 BC and 288 BC use the cognomen of Arvina rather than Cossus or Cossus Arvina. Events By place Greece Athens enters into an alliance with King Sitalkes of Thrace, after Nymphodorus an influential Athenian Several prominent ancient Romans had the Praenomen Aulus: Aulus Agerius or Numerius Negidius (a name for the plaintiff in a lawsuit Events By place Cyprus Menelaus brother of Egypt's ruler Ptolemy I Soter, is defeated and captured by Demetrius Poliorcetes Events By place Greece The Macedonian King Demetrius Poliorcetes, faces a combined attack from Lysimachus and Both branches may have been closely related, since early consuls use both the cognomens of Maluginensis and Cossus.

The Scipiones, Dolabellae, Sullae, Lentuli and Cinnae were notable branches of the family; of these, the most prominent early branches in the Middle Republic were the Scipiones, the Cethegi, and the Lentulii. Scipio (plural Scipiones) is a Roman cognomen representing the Cornelii Scipiones, a branch of the Cornelii family Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c Lentulus, the name of a Roman patrician family of the Cornelian gens derived from lentes ( Lentils) which its oldest members were fond of cultivating (according to Cinna was a Roman Patrician family of the Gens Cornelia. Prominent members of this family include Lucius Cornelius

The Scipiones first appear during the Gaulish wars, under the command of Marcus Furius Camillus, but the first consul from the family appears in 350 BC. Marcus Furius Camillus (ca 446- 365 BC was a Roman soldier and statesman of Patrician descent Events By place Persian Empire Sidon, the centre of the revolt against Persia, seeks help from its sister city of Tyre It is possible that they could be descended from an older branch, e. g. Maluginensis or Cossus, but no records exist. the next consul appears only in 298 BC (possibly because of early deaths), and thereafter the Scipiones dominate the consulships among the Cornelii. Events By place Roman Republic The Samnites defeat the Romans under Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus in the Battle The family declines, however, after the death of Scipio Aemilianus in 129 BC; few obtain the consulship thereafter. Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus (185 - 129 BC also known as Scipio Aemilianus or Scipio Africanus the Younger, was a leading general and (The problem appears to be demographic, as much as loss of quality in succeeding generations - several Scipiones in the second century BC died childless, sonless, or relatively young which premature death may have held back their own young sons). The last republican consuls from this family are almost infamous - Metellus Scipio (technically adopted into another gens) and Scipio Salvito, chosen for his relationship to Augustus rather than his own merits. The Caecilii Metelli were one of the most important and wealthiest families in the Roman Republic. Publius Cornelius Scipio ‘Salvito’ (the Cognomen Salvito is a nickname for ’Greetings’ was a consul who lived in the late Roman Republic. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was

Close to the Scipiones in age of the branch are the Sullae, Lentuli, and Cethegi. The Sulla (pl. Sullae) branch is descended from Publius Cornelius Rufinus, dictator in 333, the first dictator year; they are next prominent under a different cognomen ''Rufinus (for their characteristic red hair) in 290 BC and 277 BC, and briefly during the Second Punic War. Publius Cornelius Rufinus was a Roman dictator and consul He was born in Italy during the time of the Roman Republic. Events By Place Roman Empire Flavius Dalmatius and Domitius Zenofilus are appointed Consuls Asia Events By place Roman Republic Roman general and Consul, Manius Curius Dentatus, gains a decisive victory over the Events By place Greece Antigonus crosses the Hellespont and defeats the Celts under the command of Cerethrius near Lysimachia After a long hiatus, they only climb again to the top rank under the dictator Sulla, whose descendants remain prominent, if not consuls, for several generations. Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix ( Latin: L•CORNELIVS•L•F•P•N•SVLLA•FELIX (c

The Lentulus (pl. Lentuli) first appear in 327 BC, with consulships in 303 BC, 275 BC, 237 BC, 236 BC, and thereafter in (201 BC, 199 BC, in 162 BC (a suffect consulship), and 156 BC, and 146 BC, The most prominent member of this branch in the early to middle Republic is Lucius Cornelius L. Events By place Macedonian Empire Alexander the Great invades northern India. Events By place Seleucid Empire Seleucus I Nicator expands his kingdom throughout Persia as far east as India, but Events By place Egypt The Museum of Alexandria is founded by the Egyptian King Ptolemy II. Events By place Carthage Hamilcar Barca 's success in defeating the mercenaries results in a growth in his strength as leader of Carthage Events By place Anatolia Antiochus Hierax, supported by his mother Laodice I, allies himself with the Galatians ( Events By place Carthage On Hannibal 's advice Carthage sues for peace with the Romans, ending the Second Punic Events By place Roman Republic The Roman general Gnaeus Baebius Tamphilus attacks the Insubres in Gaul, but loses f. Lentulus Caudinus, consul in 237 BC who died as Pontifex Maximus in 213 BC. Events By place Carthage Hamilcar Barca 's success in defeating the mercenaries results in a growth in his strength as leader of Carthage The Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the Ancient Roman College of Pontiffs. Events By place Seleucid Empire In alliance with Attalus I of Pergamum, Antiochus III finally captures the rebel king The family remains prominent into the last years Late Republic (through one adoptive member from the Claudii, and others), and were staunch opponents of Caesar. However, the last republican consul from this family was a suffect, Lucius Cornelius Lentulus, in 38 BC, of whom little is known. Year 38 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.

The Cethegus (pl. Cethegi), for their old-fashioned habit of wearing bare arms (i. e. no sleeves), first appear in 203 BC with Marcus Cornelius M.f. Cethegus, consul, censor, priest, and ally of his kinsman Scipio Africanus. Events By place Carthage The Roman general Publius Cornelius Scipio, while undertaking peace negotiations with the Carthaginians Marcus Cornelius Cethegus (d 196 BC was a Roman Republican Consul and censor during the Second Punic War, best known as a political ally of his kinsman Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major ( Latin: P·CORNELIVS·P·F·L·N·SCIPIO·AFRICANVS ¹) (236&ndash183 Other consulships fall to the family in 197 BC, 181 BC, and in 160 BC. Events By place Greece The Spartan ruler Nabis, acquires the important city of Argos from Philip V of Macedon Events By place Egypt Ptolemy V is poisoned after a reign of 24 years in which the Egyptian kingdom has declined in power and After that, the family disappears from the first rank, possibly becoming extinct.

The Dolabella' (pl. Dolabellae) first appear in 283 BC, with the next consulship only in 160 BC, then in 81 BC. Events By place Greece Following Demetrius Poliorcetes ' death in captivity as a prisoner of Seleucus, his son Antigonus Year 81 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Sulla is appointed dictator They were not prominent, nor wealthy, in comparison with the three greater surviving branches. The most famous Dolabella, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, Cicero's son-in-law and Caesar's client, depended entirely on Julius Caesar for his rise to power. Publius Cornelius Dolabella, 70 BC - 43 BC, was a Roman general by far the most important of the Dolabellae a Plebian family Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman

A Lucius Cornelius L.f. Merula, consul 193 BC, founds a branch still extant in late republican Rome, with a flamen dialis dying in 87 BC. Lucius Cornelius L f Merula was Consul of the Roman Republic, along with Quintus Minucius Thermus, in 193 BC. Events By place Greece Eumenes II of Pergamum appeals to Rome for help against the Seleucid king Antiochus The Flamen Dialis was an important position in Roman religion Year 87 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Lucius Cornelius Cinna is elected Consul Some Vestal Virgins came from this branch of the family.

The Cinna branch first appears in 127 BC; the next consulship comes only in 87 BC, but after the death of Cinna, whose younger daughter Cornelia Cinna minor was then married to Julius Caesar, the family only received a consulship in 32 BC from Augustus. Year 87 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Lucius Cornelius Cinna is elected Consul Cinna was a Roman Patrician family of the Gens Cornelia. Prominent members of this family include Lucius Cornelius Cornelia Cinna minor (94 BC&ndash 69 BC or 68 BC daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna (one of the great leaders of the Marian party)and a sister to suffect consul Year 32 BC was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar.

Short-lived or obscure branches are those created by consuls Merenda (274 BC) and Blasio (consul in 270 BC and 257 BC). Events By place Greece Pyrrhus returns from Italy and Sicily and invades Macedonia driving Antigonus Events By place Roman Republic Rome's subjugation of Italy is completed by the recapture of Rhegium (in southern Italy Events By place Roman Republic The Romans attack Sardinia and try to capture it from the Carthaginians.

Over 30% of all the consuls of the republican period of ancient Rome were Cornelians. Consul (abbrev cos; Latin plural consules) was the highest elected office of the Roman Republic and an appointive office under the Empire The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The notable men and women of the Cornelii family are listed separately, below.

Famous male members of gens Cornelia

Early republic

These Cornelian names and their corresponding years in office have been drawn from the following source: Titus Livy, History of Rome (Project Gutenberg version); and from the following Wikipedia articles Tribuni militum consulari potestate and List of Republican Roman Consuls. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders This is a list of Roman consuls Key Abbreviations Imp = Imperator suff

Middle republic

Late republic

Early imperial Rome

Middle imperial Rome

Famous female members of gens Cornelia

In Ancient Rome, Cornelia was the name of the women born in all the branches of the Cornelii family. Gavius was the Nomen of the ancient Roman gens Gavia. The Gavi Arch in Verona was built in honor of the gens Events By location Roman Empire Commodus and Marcus Aurelius travel to the Danube to engage the Marcomanni Events By place Asia Shapur I of Persia succeeds Ardashir I as king of Persia. Events By Place Roman Empire October 28 — Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine I defeats Maxentius and Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Women's names were their father's gens and cognomen declined in the female form. By the Republican era and throughout the Imperial era, a Name in Ancient Rome for a male citizen consisted of three parts ( tria By the Republican era and throughout the Imperial era, a Name in Ancient Rome for a male citizen consisted of three parts ( tria Famous Cornelias include:

See also

References

  1. ^ The first year (389 BC) for Publius Cornelius is from the list in the Wikipedia article Tribuni militum consulari potestate; the second year (388 BC) is from the Wikipedia list List of Republican Roman Consuls
  2. ^ His name, as given, is from the Wikipedia list List of Republican Roman Consuls. The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders This is a list of Roman consuls Key Abbreviations Imp = Imperator suff This is a list of Roman consuls Key Abbreviations Imp = Imperator suff
  3. ^ His dates are somewhat confused, and depend on which source is used. The first tribuneship was in 386 BC or 385 BC, with the first year (386 BC) for Servius Cornelius Maluginensis from the list in the Wikipedia article Tribuni militum consulari potestate; the second year (385 BC) is from the Wikipedia list List of Republican Roman Consuls. Events By place Persian Empire Freed from Spartan attacks by the King's Peace of the previous year Persia turns to Events By place Greece Jason of Pherae becomes tyrant of Thessaly. The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders This is a list of Roman consuls Key Abbreviations Imp = Imperator suff A second term in 384 BC was obtained from the list in the Wikipedia article Tribuni militum consulari potestate; a third year 382 BC from the list in the Wikipedia article Tribuni militum consulari potestate. Events By place Greece Lysias, the Athenian orator on the occasion of the Olympiad, rebukes the Greeks for allowing The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders Events By place Greece The Theban general and statesman Pelopidas flees to Athens and takes the lead in attempts to liberate The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders This may be Livy's fourth term (as mentioned in the Histories) for him in 381 BC. Events By place Persian Empire The Persian generals Tiribazus and Orontes invade Cyprus with an army far larger than any King Evagoras He is probably also the same man who was tribune in 380 BC or 379 BC. Events By place Persian empire Persia forces the Athenians to withdraw their general Chabrias from Egypt. Events By place Greece Sparta suppresses the Chalcidian League and imposes terms favourable to King Amyntas III of Macedonia The last consular tribuneship for him were in 376 BC, 370 BC, and 368 BC. Events By place Greece The Athenian admiral Chabrias wins a naval victory for Athens over the Spartan fleet off the Events By place Greece Cleomenes II succeeds his brother Agesipolis II as Agiad king of Sparta. Events By place Greece While the previous year's intervention by the Macedonians in Thessaly is successful after the Macedonian All dates, unless otherwise mentioned, are taken from the list in the Wikipedia article Tribuni militum consulari potestate. The Tribuni militum consulari potestate, or Consular Tribunes were Tribunes elected with Consular power during the Conflict of the Orders The years (based on Varronian chronology) seem off from Livy's interpration by a year; the actual starting date of the year changed from March to 1 January in about 153 BC, and Varro might have used an earlier date than Livy. This is a list of Roman consuls Key Abbreviations Imp = Imperator suff
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