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Corneliu Coposu

Corneliu Coposu statue in Revolution Square, Bucharest
Born May 20, 1914(1914-05-20)
Bobota, Sălaj County
Died November 11, 1995 (aged 81)
Bucharest

Corneliu Coposu (May 20, 1914—November 11, 1995) was a conservative Romanian politician. Revolution Square (Piaţa Revoluţiei is a square in central Bucharest, on Calea Victoriei. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Bobota is a commune located in Sălaj County, Romania. Sălaj (sə'laʒ Hungarian: Szilágy) is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in the historical region Transylvania, with Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania

Contents

Biography

Early life

Coposu was born in Bobota, Sălaj County (in Transylvania, part of Austria-Hungary at the time) to the Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Valentin Coposu and his wife Aurelia Coposu (née Anceanu, herself the daughter of Romanian Greek-Catholic archpriest Iuliu Anceanu). Bobota is a commune located in Sălaj County, Romania. Szilágy ( Romanian: Sălaj) is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian The Romanian Church United with Rome Greek-Catholic (Biserica Română Unită cu Roma Greco-Catolică is an Eastern Rite or Greek-Catholic Church ranked as a Major He too was a devout member of the church and joined the Romanian National Party (PNR), a group dominated by Greek-Catholic politicians - Gheorghe Pop de Băseşti was an acquaintance of the Coposu family, and Alexandru Vaida-Voevod was a relative on Corneliu Coposu's mother's side. The Romanian National Party ( Romanian: Partidul Naţional Român, PNR) initially known as the Romanian National Party in Transylvania and Banat Gheorghe Pop de Băseşti ( August 1, 1835 &ndash February 23, 1919) was an Austro-Hungarian -born Romanian politician Alexandru Vaida-Voevod or Vaida-Voievod ( February 27, 1872 &mdash March 19, 1950) was a Romanian politician who was a supporter

After studying Law and Economy at the University of Cluj (1930-1934), he engaged in local politics with the PNR's direct successor, the National Peasants' Party (PNŢ), and worked as a lawyer. The Babeş-Bolyai University (UBB—Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai in Cluj-Napoca is the largest University in Romania. The National Peasants' Party ( Partidul Naţional Ţărănesc or PNŢ) was a Romanian Political party, formed in 1926 through the fusion [1] He became private secretary of Iuliu Maniu, the leader of the PNR and PNŢ, who had been a decisive factor in Transylvania's union with Romania (1918). Iuliu Maniu ( January 8, 1873 &mdash February 5, 1953) was an Romanian politician Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on. The national holiday of Romania, the Union Day (also called Unification [2]

World War II

Coposu moved to Bucharest in 1940, when Northern Transylvania was ceded to Hungary, and, during World War II, he was an important member of the PNŢ delegation in the clandestine opposition to Ion Antonescu's regime. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. Northern Transylvania is a region of Transylvania, situated within the territory of Romania. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including "Antonescu" redirects here For other persons with that surname see Antonescu (surname. [3] He established links between the movement and the United Kingdom, and was one of the politicians charged with maintaining contacts between Romanian politicians who were negotiating the country's exit from the Axis Powers and the Western Allies (an alternative kept by the Antonescu government). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries The Western Allies were the democracies and their colonial peoples within the broader coalition of Allies during World War II.

In 1945, after the royal coup against the Antonescu regime, Coposu became deputy secretary of the PNŢ and, after the reunion of Northern Transylvania, the party's delegate to the leadership of provisional administrative bodies. King Michael's Coup refers to the Coup d'etat led by King Michael of Romania in 1944 against the pro- Nazi Romanian faction of He was also active in organizing the party as the main opposition to the Communist Party and the Petru Groza cabinet before the 1946 general election. The Romanian Communist Party ( Romanian: ro Partidul Comunist Român, PCR was a communist political party in Romania. Petru Groza ( December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician best known as Prime Minister of the first The Romanian general election of 1946 was a General election held on November 19, 1946, in Romania. [4]

Communist persecution

The communist regime established with Soviet assistance, arrested him on July 14, 1947, together with all the leadership of the National Peasants' Party, after some of the party leadership had allegedly tried to flee the country in a plane landed at Tămădău (see Tămădău Affair). Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tămădău Affair ( Romanian: Afacerea Tămădău, Înscenarea de la Tămădău - "the Tămădău Frameup " - or He was imprisoned without trial for nine years, as all charges brought against him were dismissed due to lack of evidence. Coposu later attested that his imprisonment, imposed by Soviet officials overseeing the Securitate, was among those causing a stir in the higher echelons of the Communist Party — Belu Zilber, a Communist who was purged together with Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu, later told him that prominent party politician Ana Pauker had unsuccessfully opposed the move in front of Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej. The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958 during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania See also Serviciul Român de Informaţii The Securitate ( Romanian for Security; official full name Departamentul Securităţii Statului The Romanian Communist Party ( Romanian: ro Partidul Comunist Român, PCR was a communist political party in Romania. Lucreţiu Pătrăşcanu ( November 4, 1900 &mdash April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of Ana Pauker (born Hannah Rabinsohn; February 13, 1893 &ndash June 14, 1960) was a Romanian Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (born Gheorghe Gheorghiu; November 8 1901, Bârlad - March [5]

In 1956, Coposu was sentenced to life imprisonment for "betrayal of the working class" and "crime against social reforms". Life imprisonment or life incarceration is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime often for most Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types In April 1964, he was freed after 15 years of detention and 2 years of forced residence in Rubla (Brăila County), having spent, in all, 17 years of incarceration in 17 notorious detention and hard labor facilities associated with the communist regime,[6] including Sighet prison, Gherla, Jilava, Râmnicu Sărat, Piteşti prison, and the Danube-Black Sea Canal (where he was imprisoned with his friend and collaborator Şerban Ghica). Brăila (brə'ila is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Muntenia, with the capital city at Brăila. Incarceration is the detention of a person in Jail or Prison. Penal labour or penal servitude is a form of Unfree labour. The term may refer to two different notions labour as a form of punishment and labour as a form of occupation The Sighet prison, located in the town of Sighetu Marmaţiei, Maramureş county, Romania, was used by the communist regime to hold Jilava is a commune in Ilfov county, Romania, near Bucharest. Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat, IPA pronunciation /'rɨm The Piteşti prison (Închisoarea Piteşti was a penal facility in Piteşti, Romania, best remembered for the Brainwashing experiment carried out by The Danube-Black Sea Canal (Canalul Dunăre-Marea Neagră is a Canal in Romania which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube to Agigea [7]

Coposu later testified having been impressed by the deep scars collectivization had left in the country,[8] as well as by the resilience of the Rubla deportees (see Bărăgan deportations) — "They traded in vegetables they had grown themselves while locals could not be convinced that these could actually grow on the Bărăgan". Collective farming is an organization of agricultural production in which the holdings of several farmers are run as a joint enterprise The Bărăgan deportations were a large-scale action of Penal transportation, undertaken during the 1950s by the Romanian Communist regime. The Bărăgan Plain (Câmpia Bărăganului is a Steppe Plain in south-central Romania, part of the Romanian Plain. [9] In the 1990s, during debates over the overall number of victims of the Communist regime between 1947 and 1964, Coposu spoke of 282,000 arrests and 190,000 deaths in custody. [10]

After his release, Coposu started work as an unskilled worker on various construction sites (given his status as a former prisoner, he was denied employment in any other field), and was subject to Securitate surveillance and regular interrogation. See also Serviciul Român de Informaţii The Securitate ( Romanian for Security; official full name Departamentul Securităţii Statului [11]

His wife Arlette was also prosecuted in 1950 during a rigged espionage trial, and died in 1965, soon after her release, from an illness contracted in prison.

Coposu managed to keep contact with PNŢ sympathisers, and re-established the party as a clandestine group during the 1980s, while imposing its affiliation to Christian Democracy and the Christian Democrat International. Christian democracy is a political ideology that seeks to apply Christian (and often specifically Catholic) principles to public policy The Centrist Democrat International was until 2001 the Christian Democrat International (CDI and before that the Christian Democrat and People's Parties International [12]

Post-communism

On December 22, 1989 (during the Romanian Revolution), he and Ion Raţiu issued a manifesto that confirmed the PNŢ's entry into legality, under the name Christian-Democratic National Peasants' Party. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of increasingly violent riots and fighting in late December 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae For the leader of the Transylvanian Memorandum, see Ioan Raţiu. For the Roxy Music album see Manifesto (album. A manifesto is a public declaration of principles and intentions often

For the rest of his life, Coposu was the main voice of the opposition to the National Salvation Front (from 1992, the Democratic National Salvation Front). Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD is a major political party of Romania. [13] Present at his party's headquarters, he was targeted by the first Mineriad on January 28, 1990, but was protected by Prime Minister Petre Roman, who protected him from violence by commissioning an armored vehicle to drive him away. A Mineriad ( Mineriadă in Romanian is the parody term used to name any of the successive violent interventions of miners in Bucharest. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Petre Roman (b July 22, 1946 in Bucharest) is a Romanian politician former Prime Minister of Romania from 1989 to An armoured fighting vehicle ( AFV) is a military Vehicle, protected by armour and armed with Weapons Most AFVs are equipped for driving in rugged [14]

He successfully grouped various organizations into the Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR), of which he was the leader between 1991 and 1993. The Romanian Democratic Convention (Romanian Convenţia Democrată Română, CDR was an electoral alliance of several political parties of Romania, active from early [15] He was elected to the Senate of Romania in the 1992 general election. The Senate of Romania ( romanian: "Senat" is the upper house in Romania 's Bicameral parliament. In 1995, the government of France granted him the Grand Officier de la Légion d'Honneur during a ceremony in Bucharest. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A staunch monarchist who supported reinstating Mihai I as King of Romania,[16] Coposu nevertheless personally promoted Emil Constantinescu as the CDR's candidate for the presidential office. Monarchism is the advocacy of the establishment preservation or restoration of a Monarchy as a Form of government in a nation Michael King of the Romanians, Prince of Hohenzollern (born October 25, 1921) reigned as King of the Romanians (Maiestatea See also Kingdom of Romania King of the Roumanians (in Romanian Regele Românilor) rather than King of Romania (in Romanian Regele României Emil Constantinescu (born November 19, 1939 in Tighina, currently in the Republic of Moldova) was President of Romania The President of Romania is the Head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a Two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004 [17]

He died in Bucharest while undergoing treatment for lung cancer. Lung cancer is a Disease of uncontrolled Cell growth in tissues of the Lung. Some 100,000 people attended his funeral three days later. [18] He was buried in the Catholic section of Bellu cemetery. Bellu is the most famous Cemetery in Bucharest, Romania. It is located on a plot of land donated to the local administration by Baron Barbu Bellu

One of the main thoroughfares in the capital now bears his name. A bust of Coposu now stands next to Kretzulescu Church, in Revolution Square. Kretzulescu Church (Biserica Kretzulescu or Creţulescu) is an Eastern Orthodox church in central Bucharest, Romania. Revolution Square (Piaţa Revoluţiei is a square in central Bucharest, on Calea Victoriei.

In a 2006 poll conducted by Romanian Television to identify the "greatest Romanians of all time", Coposu came in 39th. Televiziunea Română (pronunciation "télévizju': nèa ro: mīnə" more commonly referred to as TVR' (pronunciation "té'vé'ré"

Notes

  1. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 270
  2. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 279
  3. ^ Roman jr.
  4. ^ Roman jr.
  5. ^ Levy, p. 284
  6. ^ "Distrugerea ţărănimii"
  7. ^ "Distrugerea ţărănimii"; Roman jr.
  8. ^ "Distrugerea ţărănimii"
  9. ^ Coposu, in "Distrugerea ţărănimii"
  10. ^ Cioroianu, p. 313
  11. ^ Deletant, Preface, p. xxvii-xxix
  12. ^ Prelipceanu, p. 31-32
  13. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 270, 279, 281
  14. ^ Gheorghe & Huminic
  15. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 270
  16. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 281, 360
  17. ^ Tismăneanu, p. 270
  18. ^ OMRI Daily Digest, No. 223, November 15, 1995

References

External links

Vladimir Tismăneanu (b July 4, 1951) is a Romanian and American political scientist sociologist and professor at the University of Maryland Polirom or Editura Polirom ("Polirom" Publishing House is a Romanian Publishing house with a tradition in editing international literature classics Iaşi (pronunciation in Romanian: /jaʃʲ/ or Jassy, is a city and municipality in north-eastern Romania. University of California Press, also known as UC Press, is a Publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in Academic Berkeley is a city on the east shore of San Francisco Bay in Northern California, in the United States.
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