Corn gluten meal (often simply called CGM) is a byproduct of corn (maize) processing that has historically been used as an animal feed. A by-product is a secondary or incidental product deriving from a Manufacturing process a Chemical reaction or a biochemical pathway and is not the primary product Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica In 1985, Dr. Nick Christians of Iowa State University, discovered that CGM displayed pre-emergent herbicidal effects during a series of turf grass experiments. The Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University (ISU is a public land-grant and space-grant university A herbicide is used to kill unwanted Plants Selective herbicides kill specific targets while leaving the desired Crop relatively unharmed A lawn is an area of recreational or amenity land planted with grass, and sometimes Clover and other plants which are maintained at a low even height [1] The use of corn gluten meal as an herbicide was patented in 1991,[1] but, like many food-related substances used for gardening, is not regulated in the US. [2]
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Uses
CGM targets a range of plants include small-seeded annual and perennial herbs. It is most frequently used in lawns[3], but may be applied to gardens and fields as well.
The corn gluten meal breaks down over time as an organic nitrogen source (NPK value of 10-0-0). [4]
Action
Proteins in CGM inhibit root formation on newly-germinated seeds, killing the plant. Applications must be timed so that the CGM is present and effective as seeds are germinating.
Application
Applied using a spreader or even by hand: the material is essentially harmless if not inhaled, and is, in fact, edible (though not particularly palatable).
On lawns, CGM is applied in early spring (usually timed phenologically by the blooming of Crocus or Forsythia, and again in the autumn. CROCUS is a Research reactor at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, sometimes described as zero power but in fact limited Forsythia is of Flowering plants in the family Oleaceae (olive family If the lawn is overseeded, CGM should either be applied at least 6 weeks before sowing, or 2 weeks afterwards.
Precautions
Very safe to use, non-toxic[3]. Should not be applied to areas where it's likely to wash directly into watersheds (it is a nitrogen source), but otherwise ecologically safe.
Resistance
Large-seeded weeds seem unaffected.
Affected species
Testing for affected species is ongoing, but confirmed species include[5][6][4]:
- Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti)
- Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris)
- Redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus)
- Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album)
- Orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata)
- Smooth crabgrass (Digitaria ischaemum)
- Large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)
- Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli)
- Couch Grass (Elytrigia repens)
- Wooly cupgrass (Eriochloa villosa)
- Catchweed, Bedstraw, Goosegrass (Galium aparine)
- Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)
- Black medic (Medicago lupulina)
- Annual bluegrass (Poa annua)
- Buckhorn Plantain (Plantago lanceolata)
- Purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
- Curly dock (Rumex crispus)
- Giant foxtail (Setaria faberi)
- Yellow foxtail (Setaria lutescens)
- Green foxtail (Setaria viridis)
- Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum)
- Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor)
- Dandelions (Taraxacum spp. Abutilon theophrasti ( Velvetleaf, China Jute, Buttonweed, Butterprint or Indian Mallow) is an Annual plant Amaranthus retroflexus is a species of Flowering plant with several common names including Red-root Amaranth Redroot Pigweed Common Amaranth Chenopodium album is a fast-growing Weedy Annual plant in the genus Chenopodium. Dactylis glomerata ( Cocksfoot or Orchard Grass or Cocksfoot Grass) is a common grass, native to Europe, Asia Digitaria sanguinalis is a species of grass known by the common name hairy crabgrass. Echinochloa crus-galli is a type of wild grass originating from tropical Asia that was formerly classified as a type of Panicum grass Elytrigia repens ( Couch Grass; syn Triticum repens L Agropyron repens (L Galium aparine is a herbaceous Annual plant of the family Rubiaceae. Perennial Ryegrass ( Lolium perenne) is a Grass from the family Poaceae. Medicago lupulina (also known as Black Medic often spelt Black Meddick) is a summer annual/perennial plant sometimes considered a weed Poa annua, or annual meadow grass, is a widespread low-growing plant in temperate climates Ribwort Plantain ( Plantago lanceolata) also called English Plantain, is a Plant of genus Plantago. Portulaca oleracea ( Common Purslane, also known as Verdolaga, Pigweed, Little Hogweed or Pusley) is an annual Curled Dock ( Rumex crispus) also known as Curly Dock or Yellow Dock, is a perennial Flowering plant in the family Polygonaceae Setaria faberi, the Giant Foxtail, also known as Chinese foxtail, Chinese millet, giant bristlegrass, or nodding foxtail Solanum nigrum ( European Black Nightshade or locally just " Black nightshade ", Duscle, Garden Nightshade, Sorghum bicolor, commonly called sorghum, is a plant species in the grass family Poaceae. )
References
- ^ a b Corn Gluten Meal Research Page. Iowa State University of Science and Technology. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
- ^ Environmental Protection Agency (1996-03-06). "Exemption of Certain Pesticide Substances From Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act Requirements". Federal Register 61 (45): 8876-8879.
- ^ a b EPA Fact Sheet. Retrieved on 2006-12-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city
- ^ a b Turf:Corn Gluten Meal. Retrieved on 2006-12-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city
- ^ CNRS abstract (greenhouse tests). Retrieved on 2006-12-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city
- ^ CNRS abstract (field tests). Retrieved on 2006-12-09. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city
See also
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