Cork material is a prime-subset of generic cork tissue, harvested for commercial use primarily from the Cork Oak tree, Quercus suber, with Portugal producing 50% of cork worldwide. Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the Periderm. The Cork Oak ( Quercus suber) is a medium-sized Evergreen Oak tree in the section ''Quercus'' sect The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Cork consists mostly of suberin. Suberin is a waxy substance found in higher Plants Suberin is a main constituent of cork, and is named after the Cork Oak, Quercus suber Cork's elasticity combined with its near-impermeability makes it suitable as a material for bottle stoppers, especially for wine bottles. A material is said to be elastic if it deforms under stress (e A bottle is a container with a neck that is narrower than the body and a "mouth A stopper is a truncated conical piece of Rubber, cork, Glass, or Plastic used to close off a Glass tube piece of Laboratory A wine bottle is a Bottle used for holding wine generally made of Glass. Cork stoppers represent about 60% of all cork based production. Cork's low density makes it a suitable material for fishing floats and buoys, as well as handles for fishing rods (as an alternative to neoprene). The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. A float (sometimes also called a bobber) is a device used in Angling, which serves two purposes A fishing rod or a fishing pole is a Tool used to catch fish, usually in conjunction with the Sport of Angling, can also be used in Neoprene or polychloroprene is a family of synthetic Rubbers that are produced by Polymerization of Chloroprene. Cork is used in musical instruments, particularly woodwind instruments, where it is used to fasten together segments of the instrument, making the seams airtight. Types of woodwind instruments See also List of woodwind instruments Single-reed instruments use a reed, which is a thin cut Sheets of cork, often the by-product of more lucrative stopper production, are used to make floor tiles and bulletin boards. A floor is the walking surface of a room or vehicle Floors vary from simple dirt in a cave to many-layered surfaces using modern technology A bulletin board ( pinboard, pin board or notice board in British English is a place where people can leave public Messages for example to advertise Granules of cork can also be mixed into concrete. Concrete is a construction material composed of Cement (commonly Portland cement) as well as other cementitious materials such as Fly ash and Slag The composites made by mixing cork granules and cement have low thermal conductivity, low density and good energy absorption. Some of the property ranges of the composites are density (400–1500 kg/m³), compressive strength (1–26 MPa) and flexural strength (0. 5–4. 0 MPa). [1]
After a decline in use as wine-stoppers due to the increase in the use of synthetic alternatives, cork wine-stoppers are making a comeback and currently represent approximately 60% of wine-stoppers today.
The cork industry is generally regarded as environmentally friendly. The sustainability of production and the easy recycling of cork products and by-products are two of its most distinctive aspects. Sustainability, in a general sense is the capacity to maintain a certain process or state indefinitely Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent the waste of potentially useful materials reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials reduce However, only one leading company, Oeneo Bouchage of France has conducted and released its complete carbon footprint study, the first in the industry.
Cork demand has increased due to more wine being sealed with cork rather than being sold in bulk. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Since a tree's bark can only be harvested six to nine years hence, supply is highly inelastic. Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists In Economics, elasticity is the ratio of the percent change in one variable to the percent change in another variable Top quality corks are expensive, and no matter what the cost, have the risk of containing TCA Cork taint and are susceptible to random oxidation due to their mechanical variability. Cork taint is a broad term referring to a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of Wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling aging and Many cheaper brands have switched to lower quality cork, synthetic plastic stoppers, screwcaps, or other closures. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products A screw cap or Closure is a common type closure for Bottles Jars and Tubes Usage A screw closure is a mechanical device which is screwed Because synthetic stoppers do not dry out and shrink, wine bottles with synthetic corks do not have to be stored on their sides to prevent oxidizing. Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Cork contamination with harmless but foul-smelling trichloroanisole (TCA) is one of the primary causes of cork taint in wine. Cork taint is a broad term referring to a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of Wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling aging and Cork taint is a broad term referring to a set of undesirable smells or tastes found in a bottle of Wine, especially spoilage that can only be detected after bottling aging and
As late as the mid 1600s, French vintners did not use cork stoppers, using oil-soaked rags stuffed into the necks of bottles instead. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. [2]
Cork has been used in rocket technology due to its fire resistance. Cork can be used as bricks for the outer walls of houses, as in Portugal's pavilion at Expo 2000. Expo 2000 was a World's Fair held in Hanover, Germany from June 1 to October 31, 2000. On November 28, 2007, the Portuguese national postal service CTT issued the world's first postage stamp made of cork. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. CTT Correios de Portugal SA - meaning Postal Services of Portugal plc - is the national postal service of Portugal. A postage stamp is an adhesive paper evidence of pre-paying a fee for postal services [3][4]
The Cork Oak is unrelated to the "cork trees" (Phellodendron), which have corky bark but are not used for cork production. Phellodendron or Cork-tree, is a genus of Deciduous trees in the family Rutaceae, native to east and northeast Asia.
Cork was used by Robert Hooke as he discovered and named the cell. Robert Hooke, FRS (18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703 was an English Natural philosopher and Polymath who played an important role in the
See also
- Alternative wine closures
- APCOR, Portuguese Cork Association
- Cork cambium
- Cork borer
- Corkscrew
- Cork Boat (vessel)
Sources
- Cork production corkfacts. Alternative wine closures are substitutes used in the wine industry for sealing Wine bottles in place of traditional cork closures Cork cambium is a tissue found in many vascular plants as part of the Periderm. A cork borer, often used in a Chemistry Laboratory, is a metal tool for cutting a hole in a cork or rubber stopper to insert glass tubing A corkscrew is a tool for drawing stopping corks from Wine Bottles Generally it consists of a pointed metallic Helix (often called the "worm" Cork Boat is a vessel designed and built by American speechwriter John Pollack and his partner Garth Goldstein com
- Instituto de Promoción del Corcho, Extremadura iprocor. org (Spanish)
- Footnotes
- ^ Karade SR. 2003. An Investigation of Cork Cement Composites. PhD Thesis. BCUC. Brunel University, UK.
- ^ Prlewe, J. Wine From Grape to Glass. New York: Abbeville Press, 1999, p. 110.
- ^ Publico. pt Cork stamp almost sold out (Portuguese)
- ^ IOL-A Step Beyond Cork stamp debuts in Portugal
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