Cork Corcaigh
Statio Bene Fida Carinis[1] "A safe harbour for ships"
Location
WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 51°53′49″N 8°28′41″W / 51.897, -8.478
Statistics
Province:	Munster
County:	County Cork
Area:	37. Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth Poetic description This dinnseanchas poem named Ard Ruide (Ruide Headland poetically describes the kingdoms of Ireland Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland. Since the late 16th century the Island of Ireland has been divided into 32 counties ( Irish language contae or condae County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 3 km²
Population (2006)	190,384 City: 119,143 Suburbs: 71,241
Website: www.corkcity.ie

Cork (Irish: Corcaigh) is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland and the island of Ireland's third most populous city after Dublin and Belfast. In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. It is the principal city and administrative centre^[2] of County Cork and the largest city of the province of Munster. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. Poetic description This dinnseanchas poem named Ard Ruide (Ruide Headland poetically describes the kingdoms of Ireland Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland.

The city of Cork has a population of 119,143, while the addition of the suburban areas contained in Cork County brings this total to 190,384. ^[3] Metropolitan Cork has a population of approximately 274,000, while the Greater Cork area is about 380,000. Metropolitan Cork (Irish Uirbeach Chorcaigh) refers to the city of Cork, Ireland, its Suburbs and the Satellite towns that feed into Greater Cork (Irish Mórcheantar Chorcaí has a total population of 380000 (2006 ^[4]

The city's name is derived from the Irish word corcach, meaning "marshy place", referring to its situation on the River Lee. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Cork has a reputation for rebelliousness dating back to the town's support of the English pretender Perkin Warbeck in 1491 following the Wars of the Roses. Perkin Warbeck (1474 &ndash 23 November 1499) was a Pretender to the English throne during the reign of King Henry VII of England The Wars of the Roses (1455–1485 were a series of dynastic Civil wars fought in England between supporters of the Houses of Lancaster and York Cork County has the nickname of "the Rebel County", and Corkonians often refer to Cork as the "real capital of Ireland". The River Lee flows through the city, an island in the river forming the main part of the city centre just before the Lee flows into Lough Mahon and then to Cork Harbour, the world's second largest natural harbour, after Sydney, Australia. The Lee ( An Laoi in Irish) is a River in Ireland. It rises in the Shehy Mountains on the western border of County Cork Mahon is an area to the eastern side of Metropolitan Cork, Ireland with a population of 12000 Cork Harbour is a natural Harbour and river Estuary at the mouth of the River Lee in County Cork, Ireland. Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The city is a major Irish seaport — with quays and docks sited along the broad waterway of the Lee on the city's East side. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo A quay, pronounced 'key' is a Wharf or bank where Ships and other vessels are loaded A dock (from Dutch 'dok' is a man-made feature involved in the handling of boats or ships

Cork is one of three constituent cities in the Cork-Limerick-Galway corridor with a population of 1 million people. The Cork-Limerick-Galway corridor links Ireland's second third and fourth largest cities

Contents 1 History 2 Climate 3 Places of interest 4 Culture 4.1 Traditions 4.2 Accent and dialect 5 Media 5.1 Broadcast 5.2 Print 6 Economy 6.1 Retail 6.2 Industry 6.3 Utilities 7 Twinned cities 8 Transportation 8.1 Air 8.2 Bus 8.3 Ferry 8.4 Road 8.5 Rail 8.5.1 Railway and tramway heritage 8.5.2 Current routes 9 Education 10 Sport 10.1 Gaelic games 10.2 Association football 10.3 Rugby 10.4 Water sports 10.5 Other sports 11 Further reading 12 References 13 External links

History

Main article: History of Cork

Cork was originally a monastic settlement founded by St. The Lee ( An Laoi in Irish) is a River in Ireland. It rises in the Shehy Mountains on the western border of County Cork Cork, located on Ireland 's south coast is the Republic of Ireland 's second largest city and capital of the province of Munster. Finbarr in the sixth century. Saint Finbarr (c 550 &ndashc 620) Bishop of Cork in the 6th century and Patron saint for the city and Diocese of Cork Its city charter was granted by King John in 1185. John (24 December 1167 &ndash 19 October 1216 reigned as a King of England from 6 April 1199 until his death The title of Mayor of Cork was established by royal charter in 1318, and the title was changed to Lord Mayor in 1900. The Lord Mayor of Cork is the symbolic head of the local government in the city of Cork in the Republic of Ireland. Over the centuries, much of the city was destroyed and rebuilt after attacks by Vikings or Norsemen. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandinavian trade network. The city was once fully walled, and several wall sections and gates remain today.

In the War of Independence, the centre of Cork was gutted by fires started by the British Black and Tans, and the city saw fierce fighting between Irish guerrillas and British forces. The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla The term Black and Tans (Dúchrónaigh refers to the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force ( Fórsa Chúltaca Chonstáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann) which was one of During the Irish Civil War, Cork was for a time held by anti-Treaty forces, until it was retaken by the pro-Treaty National Army in an attack from the sea. The Irish Civil War ( June 28 1922 &ndash May 24 1923) pitted supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty against its opponents The Anglo-Irish Treaty (An Conradh Angla-Éireannach officially called the Articles of Agreement for a Treaty Between Great Britain and Ireland, was a Treaty The Irish Army ( Arm na hÉireann) is the main branch of the Irish Defence Forces ( Óglaigh na hÉireann)

Climate

Climate chart for Cork Airport, Ireland (1962-1991)
J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
138. Cork Airport, ( Irish: Aerfort Chorcaí is one of the three principal International airports in the Republic of Ireland (along with Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world 3   8 3	115. 6   8 3	98. 7   9 3	67. 7   11 4	83. 4   14 7	68. 8   17 9	66. 4   19 11	88. 7   18 11	96. 4   16 9	125. 4   13 8	111. 1   10 5	133. 8   9 4
temperatures in °C • precipitation totals in mm
Imperial conversion J F M A M J J A S O N D     5. 4   46 37     4. 6   46 37     3. 9   49 38     2. 7   52 40     3. 3   57 44     2. 7   62 49     2. 6   65 52     3. 5   65 52     3. 8   61 49     4. 9   56 46     4. 4   50 40     5. 3   47 39 temperatures in °F • precipitation totals in inches

The climate of Cork, like the rest of Ireland, is mild, moist and changeable with abundant rainfall and a lack of temperature extremes. Met Éireann maintain a climatological weather station at Cork Airport, a few kilometres south of the city - it should be noted that as the airport is at an altitude of 151m (500ft); temperatures can often differ by a few degrees between the airport and the city itself. Met Éireann is the national meteorological service in the Republic of Ireland, part of the Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government Cork Airport, ( Irish: Aerfort Chorcaí is one of the three principal International airports in the Republic of Ireland (along with There are also smaller synoptic weather stations at University College Cork, Clover Hill and Fota Island. University College Cork ( UCC) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, the university is located in Cork. Fota Island ( Oileán Fhóta in Irish) is a small island in Cork Harbour, Ireland, just north of the larger island of Cóbh.

Temperatures below 0 °C or above 30 °C are rare, though not unheard of. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature Cork Airport records an average of 1194. 4mm of precipitation annually, most of which is rain - hail, sleet and snow are rare. In Meteorology, precipitation (also known as one class of hydrometeors, which are atmospheric water phenomena is any product of the condensation of atmospheric Hail is a form of precipitation which consists of balls or irregular lumps of ice (hailstones The airport records an average of 8 days of hail and 16 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 6 days of the year. There are 151 'rainy' days a year (over 1mm of rainfall), of which there are 75 days with 'heavy rain' (over 5mm).

Cork is also a generally foggy city, with an average of 100 days of fog a year - most common during mornings at times of high pressure or else during winter. Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3. 8 hours of sunshine every day and only having 69 days where there is no 'recordable sunshine', mostly during and around winter.

Like the rest of Ireland, Cork is consistently humid, with humidity usually ranging between 70% and 100% every day. Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. There are only 4 days where thunder is recorded during the year on average as well, mostly during late summer and early autumn.

Places of interest

Cork features architecturally notable buildings originating from the medieval (only the Red Abbey survives from medieval Cork) to modern periods. Saint Finbarre's Cathedral, also spelled Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral ( Irish: Ardeaglais Naomh Fionnbarra) is a Church of Ireland Cathedral St. Patrick's Street, a main street that has been recently remodelled, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route through a major shopping district. St Patrick's Street ( Sráid Naomh Pádraig in Irish) affectionately called Pana by Corkonians is the main shopping street in Cork Ireland The reason for its winding along is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on arches. River Lee may refer to The River Lee (England The River Lee (Ireland The adjacent Grand Parade is a tree-lined avenue, home to offices and financial institutions. The old financial centre is the South Mall, with several banks whose interior derive from the 19th century, such as the Allied Irish Banks which was once an exchange. Allied Irish Banks plc ( AIB; Irish: Bainc-Aontas Éireann;,,,) is a major Commercial bank based in Ireland not to be mistaken Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although the modern County Hall tower is the tallest building in the Republic of Ireland. Georgian architecture is the name given in most English -speaking countries to the set of Architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840 The County Hall is a 17-storey office block owned by Cork County Council and housing its administrative headquarters A list of the tallest structures in Ireland. Guyed masts UHF/VHF transmitter, Strabane, 305 Across the river is Ireland's longest building, formerly St. Annes Psychiatric Institute; built in Victorian times, which has now been renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect William Atkins. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities William Atkins (1811 &ndash 1887 was an Irish Architect of the Victorian era.

Cork's most famous building is the church tower of Shandon, which dominates the North side of the city. The North and East sides are faced in red sandstone, and the West and South sides are clad in the predominant stone of the region, white limestone. At the top sits a weather vane in the shape of an eleven-foot salmon. The clock tower on the church is known by locals as The Four-faced Liar, as from the base of the building, each clock face appears to show a different time. Shandon is accessible to the public, and the bells may be rung by visitors.

The City Hall, another notable building of limestone, replaced the previous one destroyed by British forces on December 11, 1920 during the War of Independence in an event known as the "Burning of Cork". Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The cost of this new building was provided by the British Government in the 1930s as a gesture of reconciliation. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. There are two cathedrals in the city: The Roman Catholic St Mary's Cathedral (commonly called the North Cathedral), and the Church of Ireland St Finbarre's Cathedral. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. Saint Finbarre's Cathedral, also spelled Saint Fin Barre's Cathedral ( Irish: Ardeaglais Naomh Fionnbarra) is a Church of Ireland Cathedral

Other notable places include the Cork Opera House is one of the few modern opera houses in Ireland. Cork Opera House is a theatre and opera house in Cork in the Republic of Ireland. Fitzgerald's Park, to the west of the city, and the grounds of University College Cork, through which the River Lee flows are also tourist destinations. University College Cork ( UCC) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, the university is located in Cork. The English Market, accessible from Grand Parade, Patrick Street, Oliver Plunkett Street and Princes Street, is a covered market for fish, fruit, meat, spices and luxury foods. The origins of the market can be traced back to 1610, and the present building dates from 1786.

The cross-continent European walking route E8 trail passes through Cork, ending 4700 km away in Istanbul, Turkey. The European long-distance paths are a network of extremely long-distance footpaths that traverse Europe. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

Culture

Music, theatre, dance, film and poetry all play a prominent role in Cork city life. The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a constant throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of many courses at University College Cork (UCC). CIT Cork School of Music is located in the center Cork City, Ireland. Crawford College of Art and Design is one of the leading colleges of Art and Design in Ireland Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, where Cillian Murphy attended prior to his fame; Cork Film Festival, a major supporter of the art of the short film; The Institute for Choreography and Dance, a national contemporary dance resource; the Triskel Arts Centre; Cork Jazz Festival; the Cork Academy of Dramatic Art (CADA). The Corcadorca Theatre Company was founded in Cork in 1991 and is one of Ireland 's leading independent theatre companies The Cork Jazz Festival is an annual Music festival held in Cork City, Ireland in late October every year since 1978. The Everyman Palace Theatre and the Granary Theatre both play host to large amounts of dramatic plays throughout the year. The Everyman Palace Theatre is a 628-seat Victorian theatre on MacCurtain Street in Cork, Ireland. Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh String Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans Of Ping, and the late Rory Gallagher. John Spillane (Born 1961 is a singer/songwriter from Cork, Ireland. The Frank and Walters are a pop / rock band from Cork, Ireland. The Sultans of Ping FC are an Irish band formed in 1988 by Niall O'Flaherty Pat O'Connell Paul Fennelly and Ger Lyons Rory Gallagher (2 March 1948&ndash14 June 1995 was an Irish Blues / rock Guitarist Born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also both hail from Cork. Cathal Coughlan is an Irish Singer songwriter, formerly of Microdisney, and The Fatima Mansions. Sean O'Hagan was a founder-member of the Irish indie band Microdisney. High Llamas is a London-based musical project created by Irish guitarist and songwriter Sean O'Hagan after the demise of his group Microdisney. The opera singers Cara O'Sullivan, Mary Hegarty, Brendan Collins, and Sam McElroy are also Cork born. The short story writers Frank O'Connor and Sean O'Faoláin haled from Cork. Frank O’Connor (born Michael Francis O'Connor O'Donovan) (17 September 1903 – 10 March 1966 was an Irish author of over 150 works who was best known for his Seán Proinsias Ó Faoláin (22 February 1900 &ndash 20 April 1991 was an Irish Short story writer Contemporary writers of national and international status include poets Greg Delanty, Sean Dunne, Thomas McCarthy, Gerry Murphy (poet), and Maurice O'Riordan; novelist Conal Creedon and novelist and poet William Wall. Thomas McCarthy (born 1954 is an Irish poet novelist and critic born in Cappoquin, Co Gerry Murphy is an Irish Poet. Life & work Gerry Murphy was born in Cork City in 1952 William Wall (b 1955 is an Irish Novelist, Poet and Short story writer There is a thriving literary community centring on The Munster Literature Centre and the Triskel Arts Centre.

Cork has been gaining cultural diversity for many years as a result of immigration, from Western Europe (particularly France and Spain) in the mid to late nineties, and more recently from Eastern European countries such Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and various African and Asian nations. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. This is reflected in the recent growth of multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-European or Middle-Eastern food, Chinese and Thai restaurants, French patisseries, Indian buffets, and Middle Eastern kebab houses. Cork saw significant Jewish immigration from Lithuania and Russia in the late 19th century. Jewish citizens such as Gerald Goldberg (several times Lord Mayor), David Marcus (novelist) and Louis Marcus (documentary maker) played important roles in 20th century Cork. Gerald Yael Goldberg (born in Cork, Ireland in 1912 died Cork December 31 2003 was a lawyer and politician who in 1977 became the first Jewish For the soldier see Mickey Marcus. For the fictional Star Trek character see David Marcus (Star Trek. Louis Marcus (b January 9, 1880 in Brooklyn, New York) was elected in 1932 as the first (and to date last Jewish mayor of Salt Today, the Jewish community is relatively small in population, although the city still has a Jewish quarter and local synagogue. Cork also features various Christian churches, as well as a mosque. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Some Catholic masses around the city are said in Polish, in addition to the traditional Latin and local Irish and English languages.

Recent additions to the arts infrastructure include modern additions to Cork Opera House and the Crawford Municipal Art Gallery. The Crawford Municipal Art Gallery is a public art gallery in the city of Cork, Ireland. The new Lewis Glucksman Gallery opened in the Autumn of 2004 at UCC, was nominated for the prestigious Stirling Prize in the United Kingdom, and the building of a new €60 million School of Music was completed in September 2007. The Lewis Glucksman Gallery is an award-winning art gallery in University College Cork, Republic of Ireland. The Royal Institute of British Architects Stirling Prize is a British prize for excellence in Architecture. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Construction of the €50 million Brookfield UCC Medical School complex was completed in 2005. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e

Cork was the European Capital of Culture for 2005. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its

There is a rivalry between Cork and Dublin, similar to the rivalry between London and Manchester, but Corkonians will sometimes view themselves as different from much the rest of Ireland, and refer to themselves as "rebels" (The county is known as the Rebel County). London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. This distinctly Corkonian view has in recent years manifested itself in humorous references to the region as The People's Republic of Cork. Citizens of the True Capital adorn themselves with t-shirts and other items which celebrate The People's Republic of Cork, printed in various languages such as English, Irish, Polish, Spanish and Italian. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The Cork bicolour is flown at public and civic buildings (including city's main courthouse, bus station, railway station and major department stores). It is flown along with the Irish tricolour, or on its own.

Traditions

The city has many local traditions in food and customs. Traditional Cork foods include Crubeens and Tripe and Drisheen. Crubeens ( crúibíní in Irish) are an Irish Food composed of salted Pig feet or Trotters ' cooked boiled or eaten Tripe is a type of edible Offal from the Stomachs of various Domestic animals. Drisheen is often viewed as a type of black pudding made in Ireland

Accent and dialect

The Cork accent has a tone which sets it apart from neighbouring counties. Cork accents differ significantly on opposite sides of the River Lee. Characteristics include:

• The consonant sound θ (represented by the digraph th) is rarely pronounced.
• Redundant use of the words "like" or "so" to terminate a sentence: e. g. "I don't know him at all, like"
• Use of the words "boy" (often pronounced "by") and girl, to address each other, even into adulthood, e. g. "Come here to me, boy"
• Patterns of tone and intonation rise and fall often, in a way different from other Irish accents, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than the standard Irish accent.
• There is a similarity between the Cork accent and the Liverpudlian ('Scouser') accent in north-west England - owing to the high rate of immigration to Liverpool (especially the Bootle area) from Cork. ^[5]

English spoken in Cork has a large number of dialect words that are peculiar to the city and environs. Unlike standard Hiberno-English, most of these words originate not from the Irish language, but through other languages Cork's inhabitants encountered at home and abroad. Hiberno-English also known as Anglo-Irish and Irish English is English as spoken in Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English These include "feen", "beor" and "stella" meaning man, woman, and young woman (derogatory), and "langer" (vulgar) used to describe a penis or an undesirable person. The latter has been gained notoriety throughout Ireland thanks to various comedy skits, notably Gift Grub, and has become strongly associated with the Cork accent. Gift Grub is a series of short comic pieces broadcast on weekdays on the breakfast show of Irish commercial radio station Today FM since 1999.

Media

Broadcast

The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, Lyric FM, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, and Newstalk. See also Frequency modulation, FM band FM broadcasting is a broadcast Technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that RTÉ Radio 1 ( Irish: RTÉ Raidió 1) is the principal radio channel of Irish RTÉ 2fm, or 2FM as it is commonly referred to is RTÉ 's second national radio station. RTÉ lyric fm ( Irish: RTÉ liric fm) part of Radio Telefís Éireann, is an Irish Radio station RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta n̪ˠə ˈɡeːɫ̪t̪ˠəxt̪ˠə ( RnaG; Irish for Radio of the Gaeltacht) is the Irish-language Radio For the similarly named Australian Radio station see 2Day FM Radio Ireland Ltd trading as 100-102 Today FM is an Irish Newstalk (formerly called NewsTalk 106) is an Independent Radio station in the Republic of Ireland. There are also local stations such as Cork's Red FM, Cork's 96FM, 103FM County Sound, CUH FM, Cork Campus Radio and christian radio station Life FM. Cork's Red FM is an Irish Radio station which broadcasts to Cork and the surrounding area and is aimed at a Youth audience 96FM is a Cork -based radio station owned by UTV Radio. History What is now 96FM initially broadcast under the name 'Radio South' when it opened at ^[6] Cork has also been home to pirate radio stations, most notably South Coast Radio and ERI in the 1980s. Today some small inconsistent pirates prevail but because of a recent clampdown by Ireland's communications regulator, Comreg, has closed a number of higher profile pirate stations during 2005-2006. The Commission for Communications Regulation ( ComReg) is the general Communications Regulator for Ireland, covering almost all possible types A number of neighbouring counties radio stations can be heard in parts of Cork City including Radio Kerry, WLR FM most powerful.

RTÉ Cork has television and radio studios, and production facilities at its centre in Father Matthew Street in the city centre.

Print

Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). The Irish Examiner (Formerly Cork Examiner, The Examiner) is an Irish national daily Newspaper which primarily circulates in The Examiner's headquarters are situated on Lapp's Quay in the city centre, and were originally located on Academy Street. It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. The Evening Echo is an Irish evening newspaper based in Cork and Limerick. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard all over the city.

Economy

Retail

The retail trade in Cork City is developing quickly with a mix of both modern, state of the art shopping centres and family owned local shops providing unique and often hand-made crafts. Department Stores can cater for all budgets, with expensive boutiques for one end of the market with many high street stores also available. Shopping centres can be found in many of Cork's suburbs, including Blackpool, Ballincollig, Douglas, Wilton and Mahon. Blackpool is a suburb of Cork city in County Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland. Ballincollig (Baile an Chollaigh is a Satellite town in Metropolitan Cork about 8 km west of Cork in County Cork, Province of Munster Douglas ( is a suburb in Metropolitan Cork that is situated 4 km south of Cork, Ireland. Others are available in the city centre, with plans and excavation work on-going for the development of three more large malls (The Cornmarket Centre on Cornmarket Street); The Opera Avenue proposal off St. Patrick's Street/Academy Street and the Grand Parade scheme planned for the site of the former Capitol Cineplex, the first multiplex outside of Dublin in Ireland), expanding the capacity of the city centre, to rival that of the suburbs. Cork's main shopping street is St. Patrick's Street and is the most expensive street in the country per sq. St Patrick's Street ( Sráid Naomh Pádraig in Irish) affectionately called Pana by Corkonians is the main shopping street in Cork Ireland metre after Dublin's Grafton Street. Other shopping areas in the city centre include Oliver Plunkett St. and Grand Parade. Cork is also home to some of the country's leading department stores with the foundations of shops such as Dunnes Stores and Roches Stores being laid in Cork City, the latter having sold its core business in 2006 to UK store chain Debenhams. Dunnes is a Supermarket and clothing retail chain based in the Republic of Ireland. Roches Stores was a national chain of Department stores in the Republic of Ireland acquired by Debenhams in 2006

Industry

Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. Pfizer Incorporated ( is a major Pharmaceutical company, which ranks number one in the world in sales Novartis International AG is a multinational Pharmaceutical company based in Basel Switzerland that manufactures drugs such as Clozapine The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where their high end computers are manufactured and their European call centre, R&D and AppleCare is hosted. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics In total, they currently employ over 1,800 staff. EMC Corporation is another large I. EMC Corporation ( is a US Fortune 500 and S&P 500 Provider of information infrastructure systems software and services T. employer with over 1,600 staff in their 52,000 sq metre (560,000 sq. ft. ) engineering, manufacturing, and technical services facility. It is also home to the Heineken Brewery which also brews Murphy's Irish Stout and the Beamish and Crawford brewery which have been in the city for generations. Murphy's Irish Stout is a Corkonian Dry stout brewed according to the original recipe by Murphy's Brewery since 1856 The Beamish and Crawford brewery was founded in Cork, Ireland in 1792 by William Beamish and William Crawford And for many years, Cork was the home to Ford Motor Company, which manufactured cars in the docklands area before the plant was closed. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Henry Ford's grandfather was from West Cork, which was a main reason for opening up the manufacturing facility in Cork. Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 &ndash April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of West Cork (Iarthar Chorcaí in south-west Ireland, lies in Ireland's largest county County Cork. But technology has replaced the old manufacturing businesses of the 1970s and 1980s, with people now working in the many I. T. centres of the city. Much of Cork's economic success is due to its strategic location near a Harbour, a well educated workforce from two third level universities/ Institute of Technology and a pro business Government policy. Cork's deep harbour allows ships of any size to enter, bringing trade and easy import/export of products. Cork Airport also allows easy access to continental Europe and Kent Station in the city centre provides good rail links for domestic trade. Cork Airport, ( Irish: Aerfort Chorcaí is one of the three principal International airports in the Republic of Ireland (along with Also, Cork's suburbs have a number of modern industrial estates, with good road links and modern telecommunications to attract both local and foreign investment from Europe, the United States, and Japan. An industrial estate is an area of land set aside for industrial development. More recently Amazon.com, the online retailer, has set up in Cork Airport Business Park. Amazoncom Inc ( is an American electronic commerce ( E-commerce) company in Seattle Washington.

On 6 March 2008, developers announced a 1bn euro plan to create an Atlantic Quarter in Cork's docklands area to rival that of the International Financial Services Centre in Dublin making, it one of the biggest and most ambitious plans undertaken in the history of the state. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Atlantic Quarter is a proposed mixed-use residential and commercial development of 12 buildings on a 5-hectare site in the docklands area of Cork city in Ireland The International Financial Services Centre ( IFSC) or An Lárionad Seirbhísí Airgeadais Idirnáisiúnta ( LSAI) in Irish is a major financial services ^[7]

Utilities

The headquarters of Bord Gáis Éireann, the Irish Gas Board, are on Gasworks Road, Cork. Bord Gáis Éireann - The Irish Gas Board, normally branded as Bord Gáis, is the main supplier and distributor of pipeline Natural gas in the Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, ^[8]

Twinned cities

Cork City Corporation began its first twin/sister city programme with Coventry in 1969. Cork City Council (previously known as Cork Corporation) is a Local government organisation in Cork City, responsible for providing services to citizens Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. Since then, Cork has developed links with several other cities in the areas of culture, education, tourism, science and economics:

1969 - Coventry, UK 1982 - Rennes, Brittany, France 1984 - San Francisco, California, U.S.

1988 - Cologne, Germany 1994 - Swansea, Wales 2005 - Shanghai, People's Republic of China

Twinning with Shanghai has led to controversy, as the Green Party called on Cork's local, national and European elected representatives to withdraw the city's twinning with Shanghai due to reports of human rights violations in China. Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Rennes ( Gallo: Resnn, Roazhon Condate Condate Riedonum is a city in the east of Brittany in northwestern Brittany (Breizh bʁejs Bretagne; Gallo: Bertaèyn) is a former independent Celtic kingdom and Duchy, now incorporated into This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Green Party (Comhaontas Glas lit Green Alliance) is a green Political party in Ireland. ^[9] Since then, parties from both Cork and Shanghai have visited their counterparts on trade related missions.

Transportation

Air

Main article: Cork Airport

Cork Airport is one of Ireland's main airports and gateway to the South of Ireland. Cork Airport, ( Irish: Aerfort Chorcaí is one of the three principal International airports in the Republic of Ireland (along with It is situated on the south side of Cork City in an area known as Ballygarvan. Ballygarvan (Baile Garbháin is a village south of Cork City, in County Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland. More than 10 scheduled airlines fly to over 50 destinations with over 50 flights a day. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license The airport continues to grow and a total of 3. 2 million passengers used the airport in 2007, which makes it the third busiest airport in the Republic of Ireland (after Dublin and Shannon). Shannon International Airport, or Aerfort na Sionnainne in Irish is one of Ireland's primary three airports (along with Dublin Airport and Cork Airport The airport recently opened a second terminal able to handle up to three million passengers annually, and allowing for a pier extension which will boost capacity to 5 million. The airport plays a vital role in the development of Cork City, County and other surrounding areas and increased services to mainland Europe continue to develop. However, the national policy of requiring transatlantic flights to stop in Shannon in addition to Cork Airport's relatively short runway have hampered efforts to develop transatlantic services. Recent controversy regarding the new Cork terminal has come to the forefront, with a massive €180 million debt preceding the opening of the terminal, which opened on August 1, 2006. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Bus

City

Cork City's public transportation is provided by the national bus operator Bus Éireann. Bus Éireann ( Irish for Irish Bus) provides bus services in Ireland with the exception of those operated entirely within the Dublin Region, which Routes connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest. There are also two city bus routes, Route Numbers 1 and 19 that provide orbital services across the Northern and Southern districts of the city respectively. They run 7 days a week from 06:30 until 23:00.

Suburban

Buses to the outer suburbs, such as Ballincollig, Glanmire and Carrigaline are provided from the city's bus terminal at Parnell Place in the city centre. Ballincollig (Baile an Chollaigh is a Satellite town in Metropolitan Cork about 8 km west of Cork in County Cork, Province of Munster Glanmire ( Irish: Gleann Maighir) is a suburb in Metropolitan Cork, Ireland with a population of 15498 is actually made up of several small Carrigaline ( Carraig Uí Leighin in Irish meaning "rock of Lyons" is a single-street Town (or sráidbhaile) in County Cork These suburban services include the Cork Airport shuttle bus (Route Numbers 226 and 249). Cork Airport, ( Irish: Aerfort Chorcaí is one of the three principal International airports in the Republic of Ireland (along with There is also a park and ride facility in the south suburbs that allow easy access into the city centre. Park and ride (or incentive parking) facilities are Public transport stations that allow commuters and other people wishing to travel into This is especially popular with students and commuters from not just the far suburbs but also the surrounding towns in County Cork. County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland.

Long Distance

Long distance buses depart from the bus terminal in Parnell Place to destinations throughout Ireland. Hourly services run to Killarney/Tralee, Waterford and Shannon Airport/Limerick/Galway and there are six services daily to Dublin. Killarney (Cill Airne meaning "The church of the sloes" is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. Tralee (Trá Lí (or Tráigh Lí is the county town of County Kerry, in the southwest corner of Ireland. Waterford ( or Windy fjord;) is a city in Ireland. It is the primary city of the South East region and the fifth largest in the country Limerick (pronounced /ˈlɪmrɪk/ Luimneach in Irish) is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the Province of Munster Galway (Gaillimh is the only city in the province of Connacht in Ireland. There is also a daily Eurolines bus service that connects Cork to Victoria Coach Station in London via South Wales and Bristol on an overnight sailing from Rosslare. Eurolines is a coach (long distance bus organisation operating international bus routes within Europe to over 500 destinations in over 25 countries Victoria Coach Station is the largest and most significant coach station in London, and is operated by Victoria Coach Station Ltd South Wales (De Cymru is an area of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south and Mid Wales and West Wales Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London Rosslare Europort ( Irish: Calafort Ros Láir) is a modern Seaport located at Rosslare Harbour in County Wexford, Ireland

Ferry

The Cross River Ferry, from Rushbrooke to Passage West, links the R624 to R610. Rushbrooke is a small village which has become a suburb of the town of Cobh on the Great Island in Cork Harbour, Ireland. Passage West ( An Pasáiste Thiar in Irish) is a port town in County Cork, Ireland, situated on the west bank of Cork Harbour. This service is useful when trying to avoid traffic on the Great Island (Cobh). Cork Ferry port is situated at Ringaskiddy, 16 km SE via the N28. Ringaskiddy (Rinn ui Scidígh is a village south of Cork city, in County Cork, Ireland. A direct sea link is available to Roscoff (France) with Brittany Ferries. Roscoff ( Breton: Rosko) is a commune in the Finistère department in Bretagne in northwestern France. Brittany Ferries is a French Ferry company that runs ships between France, the UK, Ireland and Spain. A long-established link with Swansea in Wales is currently out of service but it is widely hoped will be reinstated in 2008. Swansea ( Abertawe "mouth of the Tawe " is a city and county in Wales. A connecting bus service is available from the ferryport to the city centre. Plans for a water taxi service are being finalised to provide traffic free connections for both commuters and tourists alike. A water taxi or water bus is a Boat used to provide Public transport, usually but not always in an urban environment

Road

The Cork area has seen improvements in road infrastructure in recent years, especially with regards to National Primary roads. The Cork South Link road (a dual carriageway), built in the early 1980s, linking the Kinsale road roundabout with the city centre was the first of many improvements. Shortly afterwards, the first sections of the South Ring Road (dual carriageway) were opened. Work continued through the 1990s on extending the South Ring Road with the opening of the Jack Lynch Tunnel under the River Lee being the most significant addition. History The idea of a crossing of the River Lee downstream of the city came from civil engineers employed by Cork Local Authorities and the central government’s Department The Lee ( An Laoi in Irish) is a River in Ireland. It rises in the Shehy Mountains on the western border of County Cork The Kinsale Road flyover opened in August 2006 to remove a major bottleneck for traffic heading to the Airport or Killarney. Also in the 1990s work progressed on the Cork to Midleton dual carriageway and the N8 Glanmire bypass dual carriageway. Other projects completed at this time include the N20 Blackpool bypass and the N20 Cork to Mallow road projects. The N8 Glanmire to Watergrasshill dual carriageway bypass was opened in 2002. The N22 Ballincollig dual carriageway bypass, which links to the Western end of the Cork Southern Ring road was opened in 2004. City Centre road improvements include the Patrick St. project which reconstructed the street with a pedestrian focus. The M8 Rathcormac to Fermoy tolled motorway bypass (17. 5 kilometres) has recently been completed and opened in October 2006.

Rail

Railway and tramway heritage

Cork was one of the most rail oriented cities in Ireland, featuring 8 stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the Glanmire tunnel connects it to the city centre terminus of Kent Station. Blackpool is a suburb of Cork city in County Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains Kent Station Cork ( Stáisiún Cheannt) is an Iarnród Éireann train station named after Thomas Kent. Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the town of Cóbh east of the city. Cobh (pronounced /koːv/ "cove" An Cóbh is a sheltered seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. This also connected to the seaside town of Youghal, until the 1980s. Youghal (ˈjɔːl yawl or /ˈjɒhəl/ Irish Eochaill ˈɔxəʎ meaning 'yew wood' is a Seaport in County Cork, Ireland The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989.

Other rail routes terminating or traversing Cork city were the Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway, a line to Macroom, the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway to Blarney, Coachford and Donoughmore, as well as the Cork, Bandon and South Coast Railway connecting Bantry, Skibbereen, Clonakilty and many other West Cork towns. The Cork Blackrock and Passage Railway was a Narrow gauge railway in County Cork, Ireland. Macroom (Maigh Chromtha is a small Market town lying in a valley on the River Sullane, a tributary of the River Lee, between Cork and Killarney The Cork and Muskerry Light Railway was a Narrow gauge railway in County Cork, Ireland. Blarney ( An Bhlárna in Irish) is a village in the south of Ireland, located 8 km northwest of Cork, Ireland. Coachford (Áth an Chóiste is a Village west of Cork City, in County Cork, Ireland. Donoughmore is a parish in County Cork which lies 25 km west north west of Cork city in Ireland. The Cork Bandon and South Coast Railway (CB&SCR was a major Irish railway Bantry (Beanntraí is a town on the coast of County Cork, Ireland, located on the N71 route at the head of Bantry Bay. Skibbereen ( Irish: An Sciobairín) is a town in Ireland. The name "Skibbereen" (often shortened to "Skibb" means "little boat Clonakilty (Cloich na Coillte Clanna Chaoilte often referred to by locals simply as Clon, is a small town in West County Cork, Ireland, approximately West Cork (Iarthar Chorcaí in south-west Ireland, lies in Ireland's largest county County Cork. West Cork trains terminated at Albert Quay, across the river from Kent Station (though an on-street rail 'system' connected the two for rolling stock and cargo movement). All that remains of the once-extensive public transport system is the line to Dublin and that to Cobh.

Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train George Francis Train ( March 24, 1829 &ndash January 5, 1904) was a businessman author and an eccentric figure in American However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation refused permission to extend the line.

In December 1898, an electric tram system began operating on the Blackpool-Douglas, Summerhill-Sunday's Well and Tivoli-Blackrock routes. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train The gauge of the tramway was (90.2cm) (2' 11½"), and designed to be the same as the Cork and Muskerry Light Railway. Rail gauge is the distance between the inner sides of the two parallel rails that make up a railway track. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways The Cork and Muskerry Light Railway was a Narrow gauge railway in County Cork, Ireland. Increased usage of cars and buses in the 1920s led to a reduction in the use of trams, which discontinued operations permanently on September 30, 1931. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Place names today still tell of the routes, such as Tramway Terrace in Douglas. Douglas ( is a suburb in Metropolitan Cork that is situated 4 km south of Cork, Ireland.

Current routes

• National

Cork's Kent Station is the main train station in the city. Kent Station Cork ( Stáisiún Cheannt) is an Iarnród Éireann train station named after Thomas Kent. From here, services to all over Ireland can be reached. The main line from Cork to Dublin, which is Ireland's busiest rail line, has hourly departures and a number of connecting services. Direct InterCity services are also available to Kerry, with direct services to Killarney and Tralee, although most services to Kerry involve a change at Mallow. Killarney (Cill Airne meaning "The church of the sloes" is a town in County Kerry, southwestern Ireland. Tralee (Trá Lí (or Tráigh Lí is the county town of County Kerry, in the southwest corner of Ireland. Mallow ( Irish Magh Eala "valley of the swans" is the "Crossroads of Munster " and the administrative capital of north County

• Suburban

The Cork Suburban Rail system also departs from Kent Station and provides frequent connections to most areas of Metropolitan Cork with services to the north and east of the city including Little Island, Mallow, Fota and Cobh. The Cork Suburban Rail (Irish Iarnród Fobhailteach Chorcaí) network serves the Metropolitan Cork area in County Cork, Munster, Ireland Metropolitan Cork (Irish Uirbeach Chorcaigh) refers to the city of Cork, Ireland, its Suburbs and the Satellite towns that feed into Little Island is an industrial and residential area to the east of Cork City. Mallow ( Irish Magh Eala "valley of the swans" is the "Crossroads of Munster " and the administrative capital of north County Fota Island ( Oileán Fhóta in Irish) is a small island in Cork Harbour, Ireland, just north of the larger island of Cóbh. Cobh (pronounced /koːv/ "cove" An Cóbh is a sheltered seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. This railway line provides essential transport for the thousands of commuters to the city every day from the city's suburbs. The east of the city is also a scenic route connecting several islands in Cork harbour with the city centre. The train is recommended for travel to Fota Island wildlife park, arboretum, golf club and Cobh Heritage Centre. The Cóbh Heritage Centre is a Museum located in Cóbh, east of Cork, Republic of Ireland.

In November 2005, the Irish government announced the reopening of the railway line between Glounthaune (on the Cobh line) and Midleton as part of the country's 10 year development plan. PortalCurrent events News collections and sources See WikipediaNews collections and sources. Glounthaune ( Gleanntán in Irish) is a Village situated some 10 km east of Cork, in County Cork, Province of Munster, Cobh (pronounced /koːv/ "cove" An Cóbh is a sheltered seaport town on the south coast of County Cork, Ireland. Midleton ( Mainistir na Corann in Irish) is a town in south-eastern County Cork, Ireland. New stations will be provided at Carrigtohill on the Midleton branch and at Kilbarry, Monard and Blarney on the Dublin line as part of the plan, along with the already operational Mallow station. Carrigtwohill ( Carraig Tuathaill in Irish) is a town in County Cork, Province of Munster, Ireland with a population of 4869 (2006 Midleton ( Mainistir na Corann in Irish) is a town in south-eastern County Cork, Ireland. Kilbarry Station is a planned Irish railway station When it is built it will be in the northern suburbs of Cork City on the main Cork-Dublin line Blarney ( An Bhlárna in Irish) is a village in the south of Ireland, located 8 km northwest of Cork, Ireland. Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland. The Midleton branch is scheduled to be reopened in 2009. Midleton ( Mainistir na Corann in Irish) is a town in south-eastern County Cork, Ireland.

In April 2007, it was announced that the government was to carry out a feasibility study on bringing light rail to Cork. April 2007 is the fourth month of that year It began on a Sunday and 30 days later ended on a Monday.

Education

Main article: Education in Cork

Cork is an important educational centre in Ireland. A city such as Cork, with a high number of primary post-primary and third level education institutes is automatically seen as a city of learning University College Cork (UCC), a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, offers a wide variety of courses in Arts, Commerce, Engineering, Law, Medicine and Science. University College Cork ( UCC) is a constituent university of the National University of Ireland, the university is located in Cork. The National University of Ireland ( NUI) (Ollscoil na hÉireann is a federal University system of constituent universities, previously called The university was named "Irish University of the Year" in 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 by The Sunday Times. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Cork Institute of Technology (CIT) was named Irish "Institute of Technology of the Year" in 2006–2007 and offers a variety of third level courses in Mathematics, Computing and IT, Business, Humanities and Engineering (Mechanical, Electronic, Electrical, and Chemical). Cork Institute of Technology ( CIT) formerly Regional Technical College Cork, is a college located in Cork, Ireland opened in The National Maritime College of Ireland also located in Cork and is the only college in Ireland in which Nautical Studies and Marine Engineering can be undertaken. The National Maritime College of Ireland ( NMCI) is a joint project between Cork Institute of Technology and the Irish Naval Service. CIT also incorporates the Cork School of Music and Crawford College of Art and Design as constituent schools. CIT Cork School of Music is located in the center Cork City, Ireland. Crawford College of Art and Design is one of the leading colleges of Art and Design in Ireland The Cork College of Commerce is the largest post-Leaving Certificate College in Ireland and is also the biggest provider of Vocational Preparation and Training courses in the country. Cork College of Commerce is a college that was established by the business and education communities on the banks of the River Lee in Cork, Ireland in 1908 The Leaving Certificate ( Ardteistiméireacht) commonly referred to as the Leaving Cert (Irish Ardteist) is the final course in the Irish Other 3rd level institutions include Griffith College Cork which has been offering courses since 1884 and various other colleges. History and General Information Griffith College in Dublin ( GCD) (Coláiste Uí Ghríofa is a Private college located on the former Griffith There is also a very large community of students from abroad, especially countries where Cork has twinned cities. The largest group of foreign students comes from China, Shanghai in particular. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This is due to the exchange programmes on offer for Chinese students in universities in China. Other non-nationals come from Poland, India, United States and Latvia, as well as "the old EU" countries such as France, Germany and the United Kingdom. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

See also: Category:Secondary schools in County Cork

Sport

See also: List of Cork people - Sports

Gaelic football, hurling and association football are popular sporting pastimes for Corkonians. Cork is the second city and largest county of the Republic of Ireland, and has produced several noted artists entertainers politicians and business-people Gaelic football ( Irish: Peil, Peil Ghaelach, or Caid) commonly referred to as " football " is a form of Football Hurling (in Irish, iománaíocht or iomáint) is an outdoor team Sport of ancient Gaelic origin administered by the Gaelic Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered

Gaelic games

Main article: Cork GAA

Cork are the record holders for hurling titles, holding 30 titles on the roll of honour. For more details of Cork GAA see Cork Senior Football Championship or Cork Senior Hurling Championship. Kilkenny (the current All-Ireland Champions) also hold 30. Hurling is the most popular spectator sport in the city, and has a strong identity with city and county.

Cork has also won 6 Gaelic football titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in Cork City, including Na Piarsaigh GAA and Nemo Rangers GAA. The Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA) ( Irish: Cumann Lúthchleas Gael /'kʊmˠən̪ˠ 'l̪ˠuh Na Piarsaigh are a Hurling and Gaelic football club based in the north side of Cork, County Cork, Ireland. Nemo Rangers Hurling and Football Club is a Cork -based Gaelic Athletic Association club on the southside of Cork city Ireland. The main public venues are Páirc Uí Chaoimh and Páirc Uí Rinn (named for Christy Ring). Páirc Uí Chaoimh is a Gaelic Athletic Association Stadium in the Ballintemple area of Cork in Ireland, where major Hurling Pairc Ui Rinn is a Stadium in Cork owned by the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA Nicholas Christopher Michael Ring ( 12 October, 1920 - 2 March, 1979) better known as Christy Ring, was a famous Irish

Association football

Main article: Football League of Ireland in Cork city

Cork City F.C. won the Eircom League in 2005 and also reached the Carlsberg FAI Cup final. Cork is a city in the Republic of Ireland. Six clubs from Cork have played in the Football League of Ireland and five of them have either resigned from the league Cork City FC ( Irish: Cumann Peile Chathair Chorcaigh) is an Irish football club playing in the FAI Premier Division. The Football League of Ireland, usually known simply as the League of Ireland or later the eircom League (from the league's sponsorship by Irish telecommunications The FAI Cup, known as the FAI Ford Cup for sponsorship reasons is a knock-out Association football competition contested annually by teams from the Republic They finished 4th in the 2006 season, qualifying for the UEFA Intertoto Cup. The UEFA Intertoto Cup, also abbreviated as UI Cup and originally called the International Football Cup, was a summer football competition for They also won the FAI Ford Cup in 2007. They play their home games at Turners Cross stadium on the south side of the city, and regularly attract the largest crowds in the league. Turners Cross is a football ground located in and synonymous with the district of Turners Cross, Cork, Ireland.

Rugby

Rugby is played at various levels, from school to senior league level. Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short There are two first division clubs in Cork city. Cork Constitution (2 time All Ireland League Champions) play their home games in Ballintemple and Dolphin R.F.C. play at home in Musgrave Park, Pearse Road and Ballyphehane. Cork Constitution' is a Rugby Union club based in Cork. It was founded by staff of the Cork Constitution. Ballintemple (from the Irish Gaelic ’ Baile an Teampaill ’ the town of the church is a suburb of Cork city Ireland. Dolphin Rugby Football Club' is a Rugby union club in Cork. It was founded in 1902 by members of Dolphin Swimming Club seeking to find a wintertime Other notable rugby clubs in the city include, Highfield, Sunday's Well and UCC. At schools level, Christian Brothers College and Presentation Brothers College are two of the country's better known rugby nurseries. Christian Brothers College Cork ( CBC Cork) is a fee-paying Catholic school under the Trusteeship of the Christian Brothers in Cork Presentation Brothers College (Coláiste na Toirbhirte colloquially known as PBC or Pres) is a Catholic, boys-only fee-paying college based in

Munster Rugby plays half of its home matches in the Celtic League at Musgrave Park in Ballyphehane. Munster Rugby (more commonly known as Munster) is an Irish professional Rugby union team based in Munster, that competes in the Magners Musgrave Park is a stadium in the city of Cork, Ireland. The ground consists of four terraces one stand three tribunes one jogging track and two VIP Ballyphehane ( (Population 1622 is a suburb in the south of Cork in Ireland. In the past Heineken Cup matches have also been played at Musgrave Park but now, due to capacity issues these are now played at Thomond Park in Limerick, although matches will be played at Musgrave Park again during the refurbishment of Thomond Park. The European Rugby Cup (known as the Heineken Cup because of the tournament's sponsorship by Heineken) is an annual Rugby union competition involving leading Thomond Park is a stadium in Limerick City, Munster Ireland. It is the home of Shannon RFC, UL Bohemian RFC and Munster Rugby Limerick (pronounced /ˈlɪmrɪk/ Luimneach in Irish) is a city and the county seat of County Limerick in the Province of Munster In May 2006 and again in May 2008 Munster became the Heineken Cup Champions with many players hailing from Cork city and county. The European Rugby Cup (known as the Heineken Cup because of the tournament's sponsorship by Heineken) is an annual Rugby union competition involving leading

Water sports

There are a variety of water sports in Cork. Rowing and Sailing have recently grown in popularity. GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004 Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee (UCC Rowing Club UCCRC, Cork Boat Club CBC, Pres Rowing Club PBC, Shandon Boat Club SBC and Lee Rowing Club LRC) and a recently revived coastal rowing club (Blackrock Rowing Club). Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. A Currach or Curach is a type of Boat with a wooden frame over which animal skins or hides were once stretched - nowadays canvas is more usual The Ocean to City race, held in 2005 and again in 2007, saw teams and boats from many local and visiting clubs race for 24 km (15 mi) from Crosshaven to Cork city centre. The decision to move the National Rowing Center to Inniscarra has boosted numbers involved in the sport. Cork's maritime sailing heritage is maintained through its sailing clubs. The Royal Cork Yacht Club located in Crosshaven (outside the city) is the world's oldest yacht club, and Cork Week is a notable sailing event. The Royal Cork Yacht Club is the world's oldest Yacht club and was founded in 1720 Crosshaven ( Bun an Tabhairne in Irish) is a Village in County Cork, Ireland.

Other sports

There are Cork clubs active nationally in basketball (Neptune and UCC Demons) and golf, pitch and putt, hockey, tennis and athletics clubs in the Cork area. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Pitch and putt is an amateur sport similar to Golf but organized as an independent sport played and developed mainly in Ireland since the 1940s Hockey is any of a family of Sports in which two teams compete by trying to maneuver a Ball, or a hard round rubber or heavy plastic disc called a puck Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Cricket has long been played in the city. The city is also the home of road bowling, which is played in the north-side and south-west suburbs. Irish road bowling (Ból an bhóthair is an ancient sport It is centered in Ireland - primarily in County Armagh and County Cork. Boxing and Martial arts, such as Karate and Taekwondo, also command a high level of practise within the city. Cork Racing races in the Irish Formula Ford Championship. Formula Ford is a single seater open wheel class in Motorsport which exists in some form in many countries around the world

Further reading

• Merchants, Mystics and Philanthropists - 350 Years of Cork Quakers Richard S. Harrison Published by Cork Monthly Meeting, Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) 2006

References

External links

• Cork (city) travel guide from Wikitravel
• Cork City Council site (including strategic plan and housing strategy)
• The Peoples Republic Of Cork
• Architecture of Cork
• Port of Cork
• A Dictionary of Cork Slang
• Cork's War of Independence
• corkspace - community generated images of Cork City
• ENFO Publications - Medieval Cork

Coordinates: 51°53′50″N 8°28′12″W / 51.897222, -8.47

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.

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