Coria was a fort and town, located 2. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for A town is a type of settlement ranging from a few to several thousand (occasionally hundreds of thousands inhabitants although it may be applied loosely even to huge metropolitan 5 miles (4km) south of Hadrian's Wall, in the Roman province of Britannia. Hadrian's Wall ( Latin: perhaps Vallum Aelium, "the Aelian wall" is a stone and turf Fortification built by the Roman In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Britannia was the term originally used by the Romans to refer first to the British Isles, and later to the island of Great Britain. Its full Latin name is uncertain. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Today it is known as Corchester or Corbridge Roman Site, adjoining Corbridge in the English county of Northumberland. Corbridge is a small town in Northumberland, England, situated 16 miles (25 km west of Newcastle and 4 miles (6 km east of Hexham England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northumberland is a county in the North East of England. The non-metropolitan county of Northumberland borders Cumbria to the west
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Name
The place-name appears in contemporary records as both Corstopitum and Corie Lopocarium. These forms are generally recognised as corrupt. Suggested reconstructions include Coriosopitum, Corsopitum or Corsobetum. However, the Vindolanda tablets show that is was locally referred to by the simple form, Coria[1], the name for a local tribal centre. The Vindolanda tablets are fragments of wooden leaf-tablets with writing in Ink containing messages to and from members of the garrison of Vindolanda Roman fort The suffix ought to represent the name of the local tribe, a member of the Brigantian confederation, but its correct form is, as yet, unknown[2]. The Brigantes were a Celtic tribe who in pre-Roman times controlled the largest section of Northern England and a significant part of the Midlands
Early occupation
There is evidence of Iron Age round houses on the site, but the first Romans in the area built the Red House Fort, half a mile to the west, as a supply camp for Agricola's campaigns. In Britain and Ireland the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non- Romanised The roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan built in western Europe before the Roman occupation [3]
Forts
Soon after Roman victories in modern Scotland, around AD 84, a new fort was built on the present site with turf ramparts and timber gates. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Year 84 was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Internally, barrack blocks surrounded a headquarters building, a commander’s residence, administrative staff accommodation, workshops and granaries. It was probably occupied by a 500-strong cavalry unit called the Ala Petriana, but was destroyed by fire in AD 105. A second timber fort was built guarding a major crossing of the River Tyne at a time when the Solway Plain-Tyne divide was the Roman frontier. The River Tyne is a River in England. It is formed by the confluence of two rivers the North Tyne and the South Tyne. The Solway Plain is a low-lying coastal plain in the northwest of Cumbria, England. Around AD 120, when Hadrian’s Wall was built, the fort was again rebuilt, probably to house infantry troops away from the Wall; at that time Hadrian's Wall in this region was largely built of stone, unlike more westerly areas which used turf and timber construct. The Infantry is the oldest and most numerous of the Combat Arms in the Armed forces, and consists [4] About twenty years later, when the frontier was pushed further north and the Antonine Wall built, the first stone fort was erected under the Governor Quintus Lollius Urbicus[3]. The Antonine Wall is a stone and turf Fortification, built by the Romans across what is now the Central belt of Scotland Quintus Lollius Urbicus was made governor of Roman Britain in 138, by one of the early decrees of the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius.
Town development
After the Romans fell back to Hadrian's Wall in AD 163, the army seems to have been largely removed from Coria. Its ramparts were levelled and a major rebuilding programme of a very different nature was instigated. A series of probable temples were erected, followed by granaries, a fountain house and a large courtyard complex which may have been intended to become a civilian forum or a military storehouse and workshop establishment. Fanum At the temples Romans prayed and made Ritual Worship Offerings of a small gift or Animal sacrifices to their Roman The Forum was the public space in the middle of a Roman city It had a great social importance and was often the scene of diverse activities including political discussions It was never finished in its original plan[3].
Burnt timber buildings may relate to Cassius Dio's reference to enemy tribes crossing the frontier, but by the early 3rd century there was more construction. Lucius Cassius Dio Cocceianus ( Greek:) (c 155 or 163/164 to after 229 known in English as Cassius Dio, Dio Cassius, or Dio was The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Two compounds opposite the supposed forum were built as part of a military supply depot within the town. It was connected with both the Second and the Sixth Legion and may have been part of the supply network for Septimus Severus' northern campaigns[3]. Legio II Augusta, or Second Augustan Legion, was a Roman legion, levied by Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus in 43 BC, and still operative Lucius Septimius Severus (or rarely Severus I) ( April 11 145 - February 4 211) was a Roman general and Roman Emperor
Information on the 3rd and 4th century town is lacking, but an elaborate house was certainly put up which may have housed an Imperial official of some kind. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century Coria was probably a major market centre for the mineral industries in the area – lead, iron and coal – as well as agriculture, as evidenced by the granaries. A pottery store has also been identified. When occupation came to an end is unclear. It is not even known if the site was still occupied when the Anglo-Saxons arrived to found adjoining Corbridge[3]. For their language see Anglo-Saxon language. Anglo-Saxon is the term usually used to describe the invading Tribes in the south
References
- ^ Breeze, David J (2006). J Collingwood Bruce’s Handbook to the Roman Wall. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: The Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
- ^ Rivet, A L F; Smith, Colin (1979). The Place-Names of Roman Britain. London: B T Batsford.
- ^ a b c d e Dore, J N (1989). Corbridge Roman Site. London: English Heritage.
- ^ C.Michael Hogan (2007) Hadrian's Wall, ed. A. Burnham, The Megalithic Portal
External links
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