A chocolate chip cookie

In the United States and Canada, a cookie is a small, flat baked dessert. A chocolate chip cookie is a drop cookie from the United States that features Chocolate chips as its distinguishing ingredient The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In most English-speaking countries outside North America, the most common word for this is biscuit; in many regions both terms are used, while in others the two words have different meanings—a cookie is a plain bun in Scotland^[1], while in the United States a biscuit is a kind of quick bread not unlike a scone. A biscuit (ˈbɪskɨt is a small baked product the exact meaning varies markedly in different parts of the world A bun is a small usually sweet Bread. Commonly they are hand-sized or smaller domed in shape with a flat bottom A quick bread is a type of Bread which is Leavened with chemical leaveners such as Baking powder, Sodium bicarbonate, or Cream of tartar The scone is a British snack of Scottish origin A small quickbread made of Wheat, Barley or Oatmeal, usually with

Etymology

Its name derives from the Dutch word koekje or (informal) koekie which means little cake, and arrived in the English language through the Dutch in North America. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States It spread from American English to British English where biscuit is still the more general term.

Description

A cookie cake is a large cookie that can be decorated with icing similar to other cakes. Cake is a form of Food that is usually sweet and often baked.

Cookies are most commonly baked until crisp or just long enough that they remain soft, but some kinds of cookies are not baked at all. Cookies are made in a wide variety of styles, using an array of ingredients including sugars, spices, chocolate, butter, peanut butter, nuts or dried fruits. A spice is a dried Seed, Fruit, Root, Bark or vegetative substance used in Nutritionally insignificant quantities as a Food additive Butter is a Dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented Cream or Milk. Peanut butter is a food paste made primarily from ground roasted Peanuts with or without added oil Nut is a general term for the large dry oily Seeds or Fruit of some Plants. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. The softness of the cookie may depend on how long it is baked.

A general theory of cookies may be formulated this way. Despite its descent from cakes and other sweetened breads, the cookie in almost all its forms has abandoned water as a medium for cohesion. Water in cakes serves to make the base (in the case of cakes called "batter"^[2]) as thin as possible, which allows the bubbles – responsible for a cake's fluffiness – to form better. In the cookie, the agent of cohesion has become some form of oil. Oils, whether they be in the form of butter, egg yolks, vegetable oils or lard are much more viscous than water and evaporate freely at a much higher temperature than water. Thus a cake made with butter or eggs instead of water is far denser after removal from the oven.

Oils in baked cakes do not behave as soda in the finished result. Rather than evaporating and thickening the mixture, they remain, saturating the bubbles of escaped gases from what little water there might have been in the eggs, if added, and the carbon dioxide released by heating the baking powder. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single This saturation produces the most texturally attractive feature of the cookie, and indeed all fried foods: crispness saturated with a moisture (namely oil) that does not sink into it.

History

Cookie-like hard wafers have existed for as long as baking is documented, in part because they deal with travel very well, but they were usually not sweet enough to be considered cookies, by modern standards[1].

Cookies appear to have their origins in 7th century AD Persia, shortly after the use of sugar became relatively common in the region[2]. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia They spread to Europe through the Muslim conquest of Spain. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. By the 14th century, they were common in in all levels of society, throughout Europe, from royal cuisine to street vendors.

With global travel becoming widespread at that time, cookies made a natural travel companion, a modernized equivalent of the travel cakes used throughout history. One of the most popular early cookies, which travelled especially well and became known on every continent by similar names, was the jumble, a relatively hard cookie made largely from nuts, sweetener, and water. Jumbles are cookie-like pastry common in England and abroad since the middle ages which tend to have a relatively simple recipe of nuts Flour, eggs, and Sugar

Cookies came to America in the very first century of English settlement (the 1600s), although the name "koekje" arrived slightly later, with the Dutch. This became Anglicized to "cookie". Among the popular early American cookies were the macaroon, gingerbread cookies, and of course jumbles of various types. Macaroons are Cookies or Confections, or crosses between the two depending on where they are made Gingerbread is a sweet that can take the form of a Cake or a Cookie in which the predominant flavors are ginger and raw Sugar.

The most common modern cookie, given its style by the creaming of butter and sugar, was not common until the 18th century[3].

Classification of cookies

Ten types of cookies

Cookies are broadly classified according to how they are formed, including at least these categories:

• Drop cookies are made from a relatively soft dough that is dropped by spoonfuls onto the baking sheet. During baking, the mounds of dough spread and flatten. Chocolate chip cookies (Tollhouse cookies), peanut butter cookies, and oatmeal cookies are popular examples of drop cookies. Chocolate chips are small chunks of Chocolate. They are often sold in a round flat-bottomed teardrop shape Peanut butter is a food paste made primarily from ground roasted Peanuts with or without added oil Breakfast cereal health benefits There has been increasing interest in oatmeal in recent years due to its beneficial health effects

• Refrigerator cookies are made from a stiff dough that is refrigerated to become even stiffer. The dough is typically shaped into cylinders which are sliced into round cookies before baking.

• Molded cookies are also made from a stiffer dough that is molded into balls or cookie shapes by hand before baking. Snickerdoodles are an example of molded cookies. A snickerdoodle is a Sugar cookie rolled in Cinnamon sugar It has a characteristically cracked surface and can be crisp or soft depending on preference

• Rolled cookies are made from a stiffer dough that is rolled out and cut into shapes with a cookie cutter. A cookie cutter is a tool to cut out Cookie Dough in a particular shape Gingerbread men are an example. For other uses of the word see Gingerbread Man (disambiguation.

• Pressed cookies are made from a soft dough that is extruded from a cookie press into various decorative shapes before baking. A cookie press is a device for making pressed Cookies such as Spritzgebäck. Spritzgebäck are an example of a pressed cookie. Spritzgebäck refers to a sort of German Christmas cookies. They are relatively easy to make and require only common ingredients including eggs, Butter

• Bar cookies consist of batter or other ingredients that are poured or pressed into a pan (sometimes in multiple layers), and cut into cookie-sized pieces after baking. Brownies are an example of a batter-type bar cookie, while Rice Krispie treats are a bar cookie that doesn't require baking, perhaps similar to a cereal bar. A chocolate brownie is a flat baked square or bar sliced from a type of dense rich Chocolate Cake. A Rice Krispies treat (or Rice Krispie bar) is a sweet dessert or snack made from Rice Krispies, melted Margarine or Butter and melted Marshmallows In British English, bar cookies are known as "tray bakes". British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the

• Sandwich cookies are rolled or pressed cookies that are assembled as a sandwich with a sweet filling. A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling Fillings may be with marshmallow, jam, or icing. The Marshmallow is a Confection that in its modern form typically consists of Sugar or Corn syrup, water Gelatin that has been pre-softened Icing, also called frosting, is a Sweet glaze made of Sugar that often also contains Butter, Water, Egg whites The Oreo cookie, made of two chocolate cookies with a vanilla icing filling is an example. Oreo is a trademark for a popular sandwich Cookie currently manufactured by the Nabisco Division of Kraft Foods. Vanilla is a Flavoring derived from Orchids of the genus Vanilla native to Mexico.

• Fried cookies including traditional cookies such as the krusczyki, rosettes and fattigmann as well as a newer American trend of deep-frying ordinary drop cookie dough. Rosettes are a thin Cookie -like deep-fried pastry of Scandinavian origin

Six types of cookies

• Cookies also may be decorated with an icing, especially chocolate, and closely resemble a type of confectionery. Chocolate ( pronounced or /-ˈələt/ comprises a number of raw and processed foods that are produced from the seed of the tropical Cacao tree Confectionery is a set of Food items that are rich in Sugar; modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well

Biscuits (cookies) in the United Kingdom

A basic biscuit (cookie) recipe includes flour, shortening (often lard), baking powder or soda, milk (buttermilk or sweet milk) and sugar. Flour is a powder made of Cereal grains It is the key ingredient of Bread, which is a staple food in many countries and therefore the availability Shortening is a semisolid Fat used in food preparation especially baked goods and is so called because it promotes a "short" or crumbly texture (as in Shortbread Lard is pig Fat in both its rendered and unrendered forms Lard was commonly used in many cuisines as a Cooking fat or Shortening Baking powder is a dry chemical Leavening agent used in cooking mainly baking Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the Chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3 Milk is an opaque white liquid produced by the Mammary glands of female Mammals (including Monotremes. Buttermilk is a Fermented dairy product produced from Cow's milk with a characteristically sour taste Common savoury variations involve substituting sugar with an ingredient such as cheese or other dairy products. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Shortbread is a popular biscuit in the UK. Shortbread is a type of Biscuit ( Cookie) which is traditionally made from one part white sugar, two parts Butter, and three parts oatmeal

In the UK the term cookie often just refers to chocolate chip cookies or a variation (e. g. cookies containing oats, Smarties). Blue smartiesJPG|thumb|UK blue Smarties old and new]] Nestlé Smarties are a colourful sugar-coated Chocolate Confectionery popular in Europe and the

See also

Notes