Criminal procedure
Criminal trials and convictions
Rights of the accused
Fair trial  · Speedy trial  · Jury trial
Counsel  · Presumption of innocence
Exclusionary rule (U. Criminal procedure refers to the legal process for adjudicating claims that someone has violated Criminal law. The rights of the accused is a class of rights that apply to a person in the time period between when they are formally accused of a crime and when they are either convicted or acquitted The right to fair trial is an essential right in all countries respecting the Rule of law. Speedy trial refers to one of the rights guaranteed by the United States Constitution to defendants in criminal proceedings Right to counsel is nowadays generally regarded as a constituent of the Right to a fair trial, allowing for the defendant to be assisted by counsel (i The presumption of innocence being innocent until proven guilty is a legal Right that the Accused in Criminal trials has The exclusionary rule is a legal principle in the United States, under constitutional law, that holds that evidence collected or analyzed in violation of S. )
Self-incrimination  · Double jeopardy (Not E&W)
Verdict
Acquittal  · Conviction
Not proven (Scot. Self-incrimination is the act of accusing oneself of a Crime for which a person can then be Prosecuted. Double jeopardy (non bis in idem is a Procedural defense (and in many countries such as the United States, Canada, Mexico and India In Law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a Jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict In Law, a conviction is the Verdict that results when a Court of law finds a Defendant guilty of a Crime. Not proven is a Verdict available to a court in Scotland. Under Scots law, a criminal trial may end in one of three verdicts )  · Directed verdict
Sentencing
Mandatory  · Suspended  · Custodial
Dangerous offender (Can. In Law, a directed Verdict is ruling by a Judge presiding over a Jury trial typically made after the plaintiff has presented all of her evidence In Law, a sentence forms the final act of a Judge -ruled process and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function A mandatory sentence is a court decision setting where Judicial discretion is limited by Law. A suspended sentence is a legal construct Unless a minimum punishment is prescribed by law the Court has the power to suspend the passing of sentence (generally A custodial sentence is a judicial sentence imposing a punishment (and hence the resulting punishment itself consisting of mandatory custody of the convict either in prison In Canada, England and Wales, certain convicted persons may be designated as dangerous offenders and subject to a longer or indefinite term of imprisonment E&W)
Capital punishment  · Execution warrant
Cruel and unusual punishment
Post-conviction events
Parole  · Probation
Tariff (UK)  · Life licence (UK)
Miscarriage of justice
Exoneration  · Pardon
Related areas of law
Criminal defenses
Criminal law  · Evidence
Civil procedure
Portals: Law  · Criminal justice

In law, a conviction is the verdict that results when a court of law finds a defendant guilty of a crime. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. An execution warrant or death warrant is a warrant which authorizes the execution of a judgment of death ( Capital punishment) on an individual Parole may have different meanings depending on the field and judiciary system Probation is the suspension of all or part of a jail sentence the Criminal who is "on probation" has been convicted of a crime but instead of serving jail Under the criminal law of England and Wales, a tariff is the minimum period that a person serving an indefinite Prison sentence must serve before that person becomes In the British criminal justice system a life licence specifies the conditions under which a prisoner sentenced to life in jail may be released Exoneration occurs when a person who has been convicted of a Crime is later proved to have been innocent of that crime A pardon is the forgiveness of a crime and the penalty associated with it The term criminal law, sometimes called penal law, refers to any of various bodies of rules in different Jurisdictions whose common characteristic is the potential The Law of evidence governs the use of Testimony (eg oral or written statements such as an Affidavit) and exhibits (e Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the process that Courts will follow when hearing cases of a civil nature (a " Civil action " as opposed to Law is a system of rules enforced through a set of Institutions used as an instrument to underpin civil obedience politics economics and society In Law, a verdict is the formal finding of fact made by a Jury on matters or questions submitted to the jury by a judge A court is a forum used by a power base to adjudicate disputes and dispense civil, labour administrative and criminal Justice under its A defendant or defender ( Δ in Legal shorthand) is any party who is required to answer the Complaint of a Plaintiff In Criminal law, guilt is entirely externally defined by the State, or more generally a “court of law In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment

The opposite of a conviction is an acquittal (i. In Criminal law, an acquittal is a verdict of not guilty, or some similar end of the proceeding that terminates it with prejudice without a verdict e. "not guilty"). (In Scotland and in the Netherlands there is also a third verdict of "not proven", which counts as an acquittal. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Not proven is a Verdict available to a court in Scotland. Under Scots law, a criminal trial may end in one of three verdicts )

For a host of reasons, the criminal justice system is not perfect and sometimes guilty defendants are acquitted while innocent people are convicted. Criminal justice is the system of practices and organizations used by national and local governments directed at maintaining Social control, deterring Appeal mechanisms mitigate this problem to some extent. In Law, an appeal is a process for requesting a formal change to an official decision An error that results in the conviction of an innocent person is a miscarriage of justice.

After a defendant is convicted, the court determines the appropriate sentence as a punishment. In Law, a sentence forms the final act of a Judge -ruled process and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant or aversive on a person or animal usually in response to disobedient or morally wrong behavior Further, the conviction may lead to results beyond the terms of the sentence itself. Such ramifications are known as the collateral consequences of criminal charges. Collateral consequences of criminal charges, known as the " Four C's " in legal parlance, are the results of Arrest, Prosecution or conviction However the defendant must be 18 years old in all states except in Alaska (where in Alaska the age is 21) to be convicted. If the defendant is under the age of 18 (or 21 in Alaska) the conviction is concidered a minor conviction.

A minor conviction is concidered, in a term, a warning conviction, and it does not effect the defendant, but serves as a warning.

An accused's history of convictions are called antecedents, known colloquially as "previous" in the UK and "priors" in the United States and Australia. Antecedents are the life history and previous convictions of a Defendant in a Criminal case