A convertible is an automobile body style with a flexibly operating roof that can convert between open-air or enclosed modes. Cars can come in a large variety of different body styles. Some are still in production while others are of historical interest only Roof designs are highly variable from the folding textile roof, known variously as the top, soft top, ragtop or hood — to the folding multi-sectional rigid roof known as a retractable hardtop, coupé convertible or coupé cabriolet.

Contents 1 Folding textile roof 1.1 Pros and cons 1.2 Tonneau covers 1.2.1 Evolution of the tonneau cover 1.3 Detachable hardtops 1.4 Convertible windows 1.5 Windblockers 1.6 Safety 2 Retractable hardtops 3 Variations 4 History in the United States 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External links

Folding textile roof

The collapsible textile roof section (of cloth or vinyl) over an articulated folding frame may include linings such as a sound-deadening layer (e. g. ,Volkswagen Beetle) or interior cosmetic headliner (to hide the frame) (e. The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen g. ,Chrysler LeBaron) — or both — and may have electrical or electro-hydraulic mechanisms for raising the roof. The Chrysler LeBaron was introduced in 1977 as Chrysler 's lowest priced model and the name was used on various Chryslers until 1995 The erected top secures to the windshield frame header with manual latches (e. g. ,Mazda Miata), semi-manual latches, or fully automatic latches (e. Generations and overview Now in its third generation the MX5's first generation the NA, sold over 400000 units from 1989 to 1997 &mdash with a Straight-4 g. ,Volvo C70). The Volvo C70 is a two-door manufactured by Volvo Cars in two generations the first from model years 1997-2002 as Coupé and from 1997-2005 as a softop The folded convertible top is called the stack.

Pros and cons

Convertibles offer the flexibility of an open top in trade for:

• potentially reduced safety
• poor break-in protection
• deterioration and shrinkage of the sun-exposed textile fabric over time
• diminished rear visibility, from a large roof structure, small rear window, or obstructed rear window — or all of these: e. g. ,MINI convertible. Mini (styled as MINI) is a British automotive brand owned by the German BMW Group that has produced a redesign of the traditional Mini
• generally poor structural rigidity. Contemporary engineering goes to great length to counteract the effects of removal of a cars's roof. For example, a 2007 article in the New York Times, referring to the Volkswagen Eos, reported:

{{cquote|To neutralize the loss of torsional rigidity inherent in any convertible, VW engineers cleverly took the basket-handle roll bar of the VW Cabrio, inverted it and placed it under the rear seat pedestal. The Volkswagen Eos is a four-seater Retractable hardtop coupe convertible introduced in 2006 as the successor to the Volkswagen Cabrio. A beefed-up windshield frame of hot-stamped ultra-high-strength steel is connected directly to the floor pan’s reinforced frame rails. Steel tubing provides more stiffness behind the doors for an extra layer of safety. Partly as a consequence, rear seat passengers have about 10 inches less shoulder room than in the smaller Rabbit"^[1]

• specifically poor structural rigidity, such as pronounced skuttle shake, a characteristic whereby the structural design of the bulkhead between engine and passenger compartment of a convertible suffers sufficiently poor rigidity to negatively impact ride or handling — or allow noticeable vibration, shudder or chassis-flexing into the passenger compartment.

Tonneau covers

Folding textile convertible tops often do not hide completely the mechanism of the folded top or can expose the vulnerable underside of the folded top to sun exposure and fading — in which case tonneau covers (British: boot) of various designs snap or secure into place to protect the folded roof and hide the mechanicals. Detachable foldable, rigid or semi-rigid covers require space-consuming storage inside the vehicle — and sometimes complicated installation from outside the stationary vehicle. Foldable vinyl and cloth covers can be prone to shrinkage, further complicating installation.

Evolution of the tonneau cover

• The MKI (first generation) MGB (1964) roadster featured a manually-assembled convertible frame which required the driver to install the separate vinyl or cloth convertible top — from outside the car. The MGB was Britain 's best-selling Sports car model. Launched in May 1962 to replace the MGA, the MGB was manufactured until 22 October A roadster, also known as a spyder or spider, is a two-seater car traditionally without a roof (or with a detachable roof and no side or rear windows Likewise, a similar detachable frame installed to support a foldable vinyl tonneau cover with a series of twenty press fit snaps.

• Convertibles such as the Chrysler LeBaron (c. The Chrysler LeBaron was introduced in 1977 as Chrysler 's lowest priced model and the name was used on various Chryslers until 1995 1988) used sleeve and groove systems to anchor foldable vinyl tonneau cover, again installed manually from outside the car. Later textile convertibles used semi-rigid plastic tonneau covers, e. g. , the first generation Audi TT and Cadillac Allanté. The Audi TT is a Sports car manufactured by Audi since 1998 in Győr, Hungary, now in its second generation &mdash and available as a 2+2 The Cadillac Allanté was Cadillac 's first venture into the ultra-luxury Roadster market and was sold from 1987 through 1993

• Convertibles such as the fifth generation of the Cadillac Eldorado featured a detachable two-part, fully rigid, manually installed tonneau sufficiently strong to support a seated person — also known as a parade boot. See also Cadillac Eldorado Brougham The Eldorado model was part of the Cadillac line from 1953 to 2002

• Convertibles such as the second generation Mercedes SL popularized the integral manually operated self-storing rigid tonneau cover -- in its case accompanied by a separate removable hardtop. The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954 In either case, the design required manual operation from outside the stationary vehicle.

See also: Chevrolet Corvette (C6, c.2005) with integral rigid tonneau and manual cloth top, in action

• Convertibles such as first Porsche Boxster^[2], Toyota MR2 and third generation Mazda Miata (NC) featured Z-fold (aka zig-zag fold^[2]) tops, whereby the exterior of the neatly retracted fabric roof also protected the remaining roof from sun exposure — eliminating the aesthetic or protective need for a tonneau cover. 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. The Toyota MR2 is a two-seat mid-engined, Rear wheel drive Sports car produced by Toyota from 1984 until July 2007 when production stopped in Generations and overview Now in its third generation the MX5's first generation the NA, sold over 400000 units from 1989 to 1997 &mdash with a Straight-4

• Convertibles such as the second generation Ford Thunderbird (1958) convertible and the fourth generation Mercedes SL popularized the complex electro-hydraulic roof mechanism that automatically secured the folded top under a rigid tonneau — button activated by a seated driver — and later more routinely available on convertibles such as the Volvo C70, Chrysler Sebring and Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder. The Thunderbird is an automobile manufactured by Ford in the United States from 1955 through 2005 &mdash through thirteen generations and various The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954 The Volvo C70 is a two-door manufactured by Volvo Cars in two generations the first from model years 1997-2002 as Coupé and from 1997-2005 as a softop The Mitsubishi Eclipse is a four-seat sports Coupe that has been in production since 1989 for Left hand drive markets including the United States,

• The contemporary retractable hardtop convertible such as the Chevrolet SSR include tonneau covers that "self-store" the roof assembly. The Chevrolet SSR ( S uper S port R oadster was a retractable hardtop convertible Pickup truck manufactured by Chevrolet between

Detachable hardtops

Convertibles such as both the first and eleventh generation of the Ford Thunderbird and the second and third generations of the Mercedes SL featured as standard or optional equipment fully rigid, manually installable hardtops — later examples including heatable rear windows. The Thunderbird is an automobile manufactured by Ford in the United States from 1955 through 2005 &mdash through thirteen generations and various The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954 These hardtops provided acoustic insulation but also required space-consuming off-season storage — and a cumbersome two-person installation. The optional aluminum (i. e. , lightweight) detachable hardtop for a Porsche Boxster weighed 51 lbs. 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. ^[2]

Convertible windows

Convertible side windows have evolved from non-existent in the earliest models, to detachable side screens and manually or power operated glass side windows. Rear-windows have evolved similarly, with plastic rear-windows appearing as late as the first generation Porsche Boxster. 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. Contemporary convertibles and retractable hardtops feature heatable glass rear windows to maximize visiblity — though rear windows often can compromise visibility by their size, as with the case of the very small rear window and restricted visibility of the Mitsubishi Eclipse Spider. The Mitsubishi Eclipse is a four-seat sports Coupe that has been in production since 1989 for Left hand drive markets including the United States, Plastic windows can degrade, fade, yellow and crack over time, diminishing visibility.

Windblockers

Windblockers, also known as wind screens or wind deflectors, minimize unwanted drafts from reaching the occupants — specifically cold air rushing from behind the passengers having been forced over the windshield then returning to the natural lower-pressure zone where the passengers sit. The passage of wind by the occupants can create significant noise in the process.

Mazda pioneered the windblocker with its Mazda RX7 convertible featuring an integral rigid opaque panel that folded up from behind the two seats. The Mazda RX-7 is a Sports car produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda from 1978 to 2002 Current convertibles feature windblockers of various designs including detachable fold-up designs (e. g. ,Toyota Solara), vertically retractable glass (e. This page is about the automobile manufactured by Toyota For other uses see Solara (disambiguation The Toyota Camry Solara, also more commonly known as the g. ,Audi TT), carefully designed minimal flaps (e. The Audi TT is a Sports car manufactured by Audi since 1998 in Győr, Hungary, now in its second generation &mdash and available as a 2+2 g. ,Mazda Miata) — or other integrated wind controlling systems. Generations and overview Now in its third generation the MX5's first generation the NA, sold over 400000 units from 1989 to 1997 &mdash with a Straight-4

Mercedes currently offers a feature that routes a heating duct to the neck area of the seat on SLK and SL models, marketed as the "Air Scarf". The SLK is a compact Roadster manufactured by Mercedes-Benz in two generations R170 and R171, since 1997 The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954

According to the chief engineer for 2008 Chrysler Sebring, Jim Issner, the windblocker for the Sebring reduces "wind noise by approximately 11 to 12 decibels. The decibel ( dB) is a logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the magnitude of a physical quantity (usually power or intensity relative to "^[3]

Safety

Contemporary convertible design may include such features as electrically-heated glass rear window (for improved visibility), seat belt pre-tensioners, boron steel reinforced A-pillers, front and side airbags, safety cage construction — a horseshoe like structure around the passenger compartment — and roll over protection structures or (ROPS) with pyrotechnically charged roll hoops hidden behind the rear seats that deploy under roll-over conditions whether the roof is retracted or not. A seat belt, sometimes called a safety belt, is a Safety harness designed to secure the occupant of a Vehicle against harmful movement that may result from Roll Over Protection Structure (ROPS refers to operator compartment structures (usually cabs or frames intended to protect equipment operators from injuries caused by vehicle overturns The term "pyrotechnics" can also be used for Fireworks events Roll bar redirects here For the suspension component called a roll bar see Sway bar.

Notably, the Volvo C70 retractable hardtop includes a door-mounted side impact protection inflatable curtain which inflates upward from the interior belt-line — vs. The Volvo C70 is a two-door manufactured by Volvo Cars in two generations the first from model years 1997-2002 as Coupé and from 1997-2005 as a softop downward like the typical curtain airbag. ^[4] The curtain has an extra stiff construction with double rows of slats that are slightly offset from each other. This allows them to remain upright and offer effective head protection even an open window. The curtain also deflates slowly to provide protection should the car roll over.

As an example of current convertible safety, the Citroën C3 Pluriel received the following European New Car Assessment Program (Euro NCAP) ratings:

• Adult Occupant: , score 31
• Pedestrian: , score 13

View: Citroën C3 Pluriel Encap crash testing

Retractable hardtops

The retractable hardtop solves some issues with the convertible, but has its own compromises, namely mechanical complexity, expense and more often than not, reduced luggage capacity. The Citroën C3 is a Supermini car with a range of inline-4 engines that has been produced by the French automaker Citroën since 2002 The European New Car Assessment Programme (Euro NCAP is a European Car safety performance assessment programme founded in 1997 by the Transport Research A 2007 Wall Street Journal article suggested "more and more convertibles are eschewing soft cloth tops in favor of sophisticated folding metal roofs, making them practical in all climates, year-round. "^[5]

See main article: Retractable Hardtop

Variations

Convertibles have offered numerous iterations that fall between the first mechanically-simple but attention-demanding fabric tops to the highly complex modern retractable hardtops:

Roadster: Originally the term roadster suggested a minimal convertible, possibly with a frame that required actual assembly (i. A roadster, also known as a spyder or spider, is a two-seater car traditionally without a roof (or with a detachable roof and no side or rear windows e. , not retracting) and separately installable soft "window" panels — offering little protection from inclement weather and requiring a time-consuming, complicated installation. A contemporary roadster is a two-seater convertible.

Landau & Rigid Door: Citroën's early Citroën 2CV featured a roof that rolled back on itself leaving rigidly framed side doors in place — followed in concept by such cars as the 1950 Nash Rambler Convertible Coupe. Citroën (pronounced See-Troh-Enn is a French Automobile manufacturer, founded in 1919 by André Citroën. The Citroën 2CV ( French: deux chevaux vapeur, literally "two steam Horses quot from the Tax horsepower rating was an Economy car

Citroën currently markets the C3 Pluriel (Pluriel is a cognate with the English plural), which can be configured into five iterations, hence the name: ^[6]

• a hatchback with a multi-layer insulated top. The Citroën C3 is a Supermini car with a range of inline-4 engines that has been produced by the French automaker Citroën since 2002 Cognates in Linguistics are words that have a common origin They may occur within a language such as shirt and skirt as two English words descended from ^[7]
• a full-length "landau" sedan, operable partially or to the back window or any stage in between, with a buffet-minimizing wind deflector over the windshield. ^[7]
• a semi-convertible, with the roof open to the back window, the roof assembly folds into a well in the trunk floor. ^[7]
• a full convertible, whereby roof side rails are unlatched and removed^[7].
• a roadster pick-up, where the back seats fold to a pickup-like bed with a drop-down tailgate. ^[7]

View: Citroën C3 Pluriel diagram

The Four Door: A four door converitble is referred to as a phaeton, while a two-door is referred to as a cabriolet. Modern 4-door models, e. g. , the Lincoln Continental, c. The Lincoln Continental, an automobile produced by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company, began for the 1939 model year 1960.

Peugeot presented the a concept four-door retractable hardtop convertible, the Peugeot 407 Macarena in 2006. The Peugeot 407 is a Large family car produced by the French automaker Peugeot since 2004 ^[8] Produced by French coachbuilding specialist Heuliez, the Macarena's top can be folded in 60 seconds, ^[8] with a steel reinforcing beam behind the front seats incorporating LCD screens for the rear passengers into the crossmember. Heuliez is a French company that works as a production and design unit for various automakers ^[8]

View: Peugeot 407 Macarena, in action.

All-Wheel drive: AMC offered a four-wheel drive Eagle with a steel targa bar and removable fiberglass roof section — and other Sport utility convertibles such as the Jeep Wrangler offer four-wheel drive and a manually folded top. Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to The AMC Eagle was an All-wheel drive passenger car produced by American Motors Corporation (AMC Targa top, targa for short is a semi- Convertible Car body style with a removable roof section and a full width Roll bar behind the seats The Wrangler (also known as the YJ, TJ, and JK, as explained below is an Off-road vehicle produced by American automaker Four-wheel drive, 4WD, or 4x4 ("four by four" is a four-wheeled Vehicle with a drivetrain that allows all four Wheels to Audi offers the all-wheel drive A4 Cabriolet. AUDI AG, ( Xetra: NSU commonly known as Audi (aˈʊdi is a German Automobile manufacturer which produces Audi branded cars with headquarters The Audi A4 is a Compact executive car produced by the German automaker Audi since 1994

Drophead Coupe, Cabriolet or Cabrio: A type of convertible with only two doors ^[9] and thereby recalling the cabriolet carriage. A cabriolet is a light two-wheeled Carriage drawn by a single horse with a folding hood seating two people facing forward one of whom is the driver With its Mazda RX7 convertible, Mazda introduced a two-seater convertible with a removeable rigid section over the passengers, removable independently of power operated textile section behind with heatable glass rear window. The Mazda RX-7 is a Sports car produced by the Japanese automaker Mazda from 1978 to 2002 During the 80's, Jaguar produced an XJ-SC with two removable panels over the front seats and a partial fold-down convertible section in the back. The jaguar (Panthera onca,, or—especially in British English — is a New World Mammal of the Felidae family and one of It retained the rear side windows of the coupe and had fixed cant rails above these and the door glass. This allowed an almost full convertible with roll over safety.

History in the United States

Until the 1910 introduction by Cadillac of the first closed-body car, the convertible was the primary body style. Cadillac is a Brand of Luxury vehicles owned by General Motors. US automakers manufactured a broad range of models during the 1950s and 1960s — from economical compact-sized models such as the Rambler American and the Studebaker Lark to the more expensive models such as the Packard Caribbean, Oldsmobile 98, and Imperial by Chrysler. The Rambler American was an automobile manufactured by the American Motors Corporation (AMC between 1958 and 1969 The Lark was a pioneering " Compact car " designed and built by Studebaker and introduced as a 1959 model The Packard Caribbean was a Halo vehicle produced by the Packard Motor Car Company of Detroit Michigan during model years 1953 through 1956 The Oldsmobile 98 (originally Series 90; aka Ninety-Eight) was a full-size Automobile, as well as the flagship model of the for Chrysler branded models before 1955 and after 1983 see Chrysler Imperial Imperial was the Chrysler Corporation 's prestige

Threatened rollover safety regulations in the mid-1970s led to diminished popularity by the 1970s. This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. In 1976 Cadillac marketed the Eldorado as "The last convertible in America". Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. See also Cadillac Eldorado Brougham The Eldorado model was part of the Cadillac line from 1953 to 2002 During this period of very low convertible production, T-tops became a popular alternatives. A T-top is an automobile roof with removable panels on either side of a rigid bar running from the center of one structural bar between pillars to the center of the next structural

Elsewhere globally, convertible production continued throughout this era with models such as the Mercedes SL, the VW Beetle Cabriolet, the VW Golf Cabriolet, and the Jaguar E-type. The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954 The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen The Volkswagen Golf or VW Golf ( Mk1 and Mk5 badged as Volkswagen Rabbit in the United States and Canada, Mk1 badged as Volkswagen The Jaguar E-Type' (UK or XK-E (US is a British Automobile, manufactured by Jaguar between 1961 and 1974

In the 1980s convertibles such as the Chrysler LeBaron and Saab 900 revived the body style in the United States — followed by models such as the Mazda Miata, Porsche Boxster, Audi TT and later retractable hardtop models. The Chrysler LeBaron was introduced in 1977 as Chrysler 's lowest priced model and the name was used on various Chryslers until 1995 The 900 is a car that was made by Saab Automobile from 1978 until 1998 in two generations Generations and overview Now in its third generation the MX5's first generation the NA, sold over 400000 units from 1989 to 1997 &mdash with a Straight-4 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. The Audi TT is a Sports car manufactured by Audi since 1998 in Győr, Hungary, now in its second generation &mdash and available as a 2+2

Gallery

Volkswagen New Beetle c. The Volkswagen New Beetle is a small family car introduced by Volkswagen in 1998 drawing heavy inspiration from the design cues of the original Beetle 2008, with raised textile (cloth) convertible top featuring interior headliner, an acoustic insulation layer, and heatable glass rear window	Jaguar XK120 Roadster c. The Jaguar XK120 was a Sports car manufactured by Jaguar between 1948 and 1954 1950, with a very light weight canvas top and removable side curtains screwed to the doors — with no external door handles (shown: top stored)	Chrysler LeBaron c. The Chrysler LeBaron was introduced in 1977 as Chrysler 's lowest priced model and the name was used on various Chryslers until 1995 1989, with manually installed "metallic" vinyl tonneau cover, color-matching to the car body, secured with a 'sleeve and groove' system	Jaguar XK8 c. The Jaguar XK series ( XK8 and XKR) is a Grand tourer produced by British carmaker Jaguar since 1996 2008, with heatable glass rear window and fully automatic cloth top with integral top-concealing rigid tonneau	MG TD c. 1953, with manual soft top and manually detachable sidescreens with clear plastic windows and Perspex rear window
Porsche Boxster c. Poly(methyl methacrylate ( PMMA) or poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate is a Thermoplastic and transparent Plastic. 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. 2004, with detachable clear plastic windblocker and a Z-fold top, automatically raisable in 12 seconds[2]	c. 2005, Porsche Boxster and 911 convertibles with with tonneau-cover-eliminating Z-fold tops	Daihatsu c. 986 The styling of the Boxster is due to former "Style Porsche" department head Harm Lagaay. The Porsche 911 (pronounced as Nine Eleven, Neunelfer is a Sports car made by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany is a Japanese manufacturer of cars, well known for its smaller models and off-road vehicles 2001, a retractable hardtop convertible marketed in Japan in the ultra-compact Kei class	Rolls Royce Corniche c. Kei car, K-car, or ( pronounced /keːdʑidoːɕa/ is a Japanese category of small Automobiles, including passenger cars The Corniche was Rolls-Royce's Coupé and Convertible version of the Silver Shadow produced between 1971 and 1996 1986, a high-end prestige marque with a manually installed tonneau cover	Ford Model T c. The Ford Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and also the Flivver) was an Automobile produced by Henry Ford 's Ford 1925, with minimal weather protection
Cadillac Eldorado c. See also Cadillac Eldorado Brougham The Eldorado model was part of the Cadillac line from 1953 to 2002 1959, with zipper operable clear plastic rear window	Cadillac Allanté c. The Cadillac Allanté was Cadillac 's first venture into the ultra-luxury Roadster market and was sold from 1987 through 1993 1993, with detachable, rigid plastic tonneau cover. Built in Italy by Pininfarina, completed bodies were flown to the US 56 at a time in specially equipped Boeing 747's with final assembly at Hamtramck, Michigan. See also Battista Farina, founder of the company his son Sergio Pininfarina and grandson Andrea Pininfarina. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [10]	Nash Rambler Convertible "Landau" Coupe c. Also see Kelvinator and American Motors Corporation Nash Motors was an Automobile manufacturer based in Kenosha Wisconsin, in 1950, with retracting roof and rigid doors, featured car of Lois Lane of the 1950's television series Adventures of Superman [11]	Volvo C70 c. Lois Lane-Kent is the primary love interest in the DC Comics ’ Superman stories Adventures of Superman is an American Television series based on Comic book characters and concepts created in 1938 by Jerry Siegel The Volvo C70 is a two-door manufactured by Volvo Cars in two generations the first from model years 1997-2002 as Coupé and from 1997-2005 as a softop 2007, retractable hardtop in action, requiring 6. 5 feet of vertical clearance during retraction[12]	Cadillac XLR c. The XLR is a Retractable hardtop marketed by the Cadillac division of General Motors, assembled in Bowling Green Kentucky. 2007, with fully retracted aluminum hardtop concealed by self-storing tonneau cover, the hardtop manufactured by a supplier joint venture of Mercedes-Benz and Porsche. Mercedes-Benz is a German manufacturer of luxury Automobiles Buses coaches and Trucks It is currently a division of the Porsche SE or Porsche ( German, ˈpɔɹʃə is a German manufacturer of automobiles which is majority-owned by the Porsche and Piëch [13]
Background: Peugeot Éclipse Décapotable, c. The Peugeot 402 is a family car produced in Sochaux, France from 1935 to 1942 by Peugeot. 1935, the Georges Paulin patented automatic folding roof, the first production retractable hardtop convertible, shown in action	Citroën C3 Pluriel c. Georges Paulin was a dentist part-time automobile designer and hero of the French Resistance during the Second World War. The Citroën C3 is a Supermini car with a range of inline-4 engines that has been produced by the French automaker Citroën since 2002 2007, a multi-configurable convertible with roll-back textile roof and removeable rigid sidebars[6]	Saab 900 c. The 900 is a car that was made by Saab Automobile from 1978 until 1998 in two generations 1970, with manually installed semi-rigid tonneau	Citroen 2CV c. The Citroën 2CV ( French: deux chevaux vapeur, literally "two steam Horses quot from the Tax horsepower rating was an Economy car 1975, with roll-back roof and rigid doors	Lincoln Continental c. The Lincoln Continental, an automobile produced by the Lincoln division of Ford Motor Company, began for the 1939 model year 1966, 4-door with integral automatically operating, self-storing tonneau
Cadillac Eldorado c. See also Cadillac Eldorado Brougham The Eldorado model was part of the Cadillac line from 1953 to 2002 1971, with detachable, two-part, fully rigid "parade boot" tonneau cover	Mitsubishi Eclipse Spyder c. The Mitsubishi Eclipse is a four-seat sports Coupe that has been in production since 1989 for Left hand drive markets including the United States, 2004, with heatable glass rear window and restricted visibilty	Mercedes SL c. The Mercedes-Benz SL is a Roadster manufactured by Mercedes since 1954 1963, with detachable hardtop, requiring twice-annual manual removal and installation — and space-consuming off-season storage of the hardtop	Jaguar E-type c. The Jaguar E-Type' (UK or XK-E (US is a British Automobile, manufactured by Jaguar between 1961 and 1974 1970, with vinyl folding top — tonneau not installed, ranked first in Daily Telegraph list of the "100 most beautiful cars" of all time[1]	Jaguar E-type c. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. The Jaguar E-Type' (UK or XK-E (US is a British Automobile, manufactured by Jaguar between 1961 and 1974 1970, with vinyl foldable tonneau installed and snap-secured
MINI Cooper, c. Mini (styled as MINI) is a British automotive brand owned by the German BMW Group that has produced a redesign of the traditional Mini 2006, with large blindspots from the top itself, small rear window, and interior rear roll hoops severely obscuring the driver's rear view	Maserati Spyder

See also

• Cabrio coach
• Retractable hardtop
• Roadster
• Spyder
• Targa top
• T-top
• Carson top
• NASCAR Convertible Division

References

External links

• Convertibles
• Convertible Car Magazine

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