Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a treatment method designed to aid in the recovery of joints immediately after trauma or surgery. A joint is the location at which two or more Bones make contact CPM is carried out by a CPM device, which constantly moves the joint through a controlled range of motion, the exact range is dependent upon the joint, but in most cases the range of motion is increased over time. Range of motion or ( ROM) as used in the Biomedical and Weightlifting communities is the measurement of the achievable distance between the flexed position
CPM is used following various types of reconstructive joint surgery such as knee replacement and ACL reconstruction. Knee replacement, or knee Arthroplasty, is a common surgical procedure most often performed to relieve the pain and disability from degenerative arthritis most commonly Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction ( ACL reconstruction) is a surgical tissue graft replacement of the Anterior cruciate ligament, Its mechanisms of action for aiding joint recovery are dependent upon what surgery is performed. One mechanism is the movement of synovial fluid to allow for better diffusion of nutrients into damaged cartilage (which would be unimportant in the event of joint replacement), and diffusion of other materials out; such as blood and metabolic waste products. Synovial fluid is a thick stringy fluid found in the cavities of Synovial joints With its egg-like consistency ("synovial" partially derives from ovum, Cartilage is a type of dense Connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix Diffusion is the net movement of particles (typically molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by uncoordinated random movement Another mechanism is the prevention of fibrous scar tissue formation in the joint, which tends to decrease the range of motion for a joint. Scars (also called cicatrices) are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal Skin (or other tissue after injury The concept was created by Robert B. Salter M. Robert Bruce Salter CC, MD, DSc, FRSC, FRHSC (hon (born December 15, 1924) is a Canadian D in 1970 and, along with help from engineer John Saringer, a device was created in 1978. [1]
CPM Following Knee Arthroplasty
There is controversy concerning the effectiveness of CPM following Knee Arthroplasty. Arthroplasty (literally "formation of Joint " is an operative procedure of orthopaedic surgery performed in which the arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface Some studies support knee arthroplasty, while others show little or no effect when compared with placebo. Placebo is a substance or procedure a patient accepts as medicine or therapy but which has no specific therapeutic activity One assessment of multiple studies indicates that CPM following knee arthroplasty gives a total benefit of 0. 69 days less in the hospital and 4 more degrees of motion (only at 2 weeks of follow-up) than physical therapy alone. This assessment further suggested that consideration must also be given to patient convenience and CPM cost. [2]
References
- ^ Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research - Abstract: Volume 242() May 1989 p 12-25 The Biologic Concept of Continuous Passive Motion of Synovial Joints: The First 18 Years of Basic Research and Its Clinical Application.
- ^ Brosseau L, Milne S, Wells G, Tugwell P, Robinson V, Casimiro L, Pelland L, Noel MJ, Davis J, Drouin H. (2005) Continuous Passive Motion Improves Active Knee Flexion and Shortens Hospital Stay but Does Not Affect Other Functional Outcomes After Knee Arthroplasty. THE JOURNAL OF BONE & JOINT SURGERY. VOLUME 87-A. NUMBER 11
External links
- Continuous passive motion (CPM): Theory and principles of clinical application
- CPM - CONTINUOUS PASSIVE MOTION
- CPM - Robert B. Salter
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