Constantine Kanaris (or Canaris, Greek: Κωνσταντίνος Κανάρης) (1793 or 1795 – September 14, 1877) was a Greek admiral, freedom fighter and politician. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
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Early life
He was born on the Aegean Sea island of Psara as a son of Michael and Maria Kanaris. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. For the Genus of crambid Moths see Psara (moth. Psara (Ψαρά is a Greek island in the His exact year of birth is unknown. The official records of the Hellenic Navy give it as 1795 but modern Greek historians believe that 1793 is more probable. The Hellenic Navy ( HN) ( Πολεμικό Ναυτικό, Polemikó Naftikó, abbreviated ΠΝ) is the naval force of Greece Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Michael Kanaris, his father, had served several terms as the island's Elder. Constantine was left an orphan at a young age. Having to support himself he chose to became a seaman, like most members of his family since the beginning of the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system He was hired as a boy in the brig of his uncle Dimitris Bourekas.
Military career
Constantine gained his fame during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1829). The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829 also commonly known as the Greek Revolution (Ελληνική Επανάσταση Elliniki Epanastasi; Ottoman Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Unlike most other prominent figures of the War, he had never been initiated in the Filiki Eteria (Friendly Society). The Filiki Eteria (spelled also Philikí Etaireía, Greek alphabet: Φιλική Εταιρεία or Εταιρεία των Φιλικών)
The Friendly Society, founded at September 14, 1814 in Odesa by three traders, played a significant role in the revolution against the Ottoman Empire, primarily by secret recruitment of supporters against the Empire. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Its founders being members of the Freemasonry, they had adopted their methods of initiation, organising and assuring secrecy from it.
By early 1821, it had gained enough support to declare a revolution. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year This declaration seems to have surprised Constantine, who was absent at Odessa. He returned to Psara in haste and was there when the island joined the Revolution on April 10, 1821. For the Genus of crambid Moths see Psara (moth. Psara (Ψαρά is a Greek island in the Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year
The island formed its own fleet of ships and the famed seamen of Psara, already known for their successful naval combats against pirates and their well-equipped ships, proved to be effective at full naval war. Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Constantine soon distinguished himself as a fire ship captain.
Notably at Chios, where on the night of June 6/June 7, 1822 forces under his command destroyed the flagship of the Turkish admiral Kara-Ali Pasha in revenge for the Chios Massacre. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the The Chios Massacre refers to the slaughter of tens of thousands of Greeks on the island of Chios by Ottoman troops in 1822 The admiral was holding a celebration, while Kanaris and his men managed to place a fire ship next to it. When the flagships' powder keg caught fire, all men aboard were instantly killed. The Ottoman casualties consisted of 2000 men, both naval officers and common sailors, as well as Kara-Ali himself.
Constantine led three further successful attacks against the Turkish fleet in 1822-1824. Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He was famously said to have encouraged himself by murmuring "Konstanti, you are going to die" every time he was approaching a Turkish warship on the fire boat he was about to detonate.
Egypt was technically a province of the Ottoman Empire at the time but its viceroy Mohammad Ali (1769–1849), had earned enough power to act independently from the Sultan and had formed his own army and naval fleet. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish This article is about the leader of Egypt For other people named Muhammad Ali or Mehmet Ali see Muhammad Ali (disambiguation and Mehemet Ali (disambiguation Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
It was headed by his adoptive son Ibrahim Pasha (1789–1848). Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The latter had hired a number of veteran French officers - who had served under Emperor Napoleon I and were discharged from the French army following his defeat - to help organise the new army. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. By 1824 it counted 100,000 men and was both better organised and better equipped than the Sultan's army. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
Sultan Mahmud II offered to the viceroy the command of Crete, if he agreed to send part of this army against the Greeks. Mahmud II ( Ottoman Turkish: محمود ثاني Mahmud-ı sānī) ( July 20, 1785 July 1, 1839 Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the They quickly reached an agreement. The Egyptian army, under the personal command of Ibrahim Pasha, started a successful campaign in both land and sea against the relatively ill-equipped, disorganized and outnumbered Greeks.
Among other victories, the Egyptian fleet managed to capture Psara on June 21, 1824. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A part of the population managed to flee the island, but those who didn't were either sold into slavery or slaughtered. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The island was deserted and surviving islanders were scattered through what is now Southern Greece.
After the destruction of his home island, Constantine continued to lead his men into attacks with minor successes. Despite them, Ibrahim Pasha would be virtually undefeated until the Battle of Navarino of October 20, 1827. The naval Battle of Navarino was fought on 20 October 1827, during the Greek War of Independence (1821&ndash32 in Navarino Bay, on the west Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Then the Turkish-Egyptian fleet was destroyed by the combined naval forces of Britain, France and Russia, that had taken the Greeks under their "protection". The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
Following the end of the war and the independence of Greece, Constantine became an officer of the new Greek Navy, reaching the rank of Admiral, and later became a prominent politician (see the following).
Political career
Kanaris served as Minister in various governments and then as Prime Minister from March 11 - April 11, 1844. The Prime Minister of Greece ( Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδος) is the Head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He served a second term (October 27, 1848 – December 24, 1849) and a third (May 28, 1854 – July 29, 1854). Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1854 ( MDCCCLIV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year
In 1862 he was one of the few War of Independence veterans that helped in the bloodless revolution that deposed King Otto of Greece and put Prince William of Denmark on the Greek throne as King George I of Greece. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Otto of Greece (Όθων Βασιλεύς της Ελλάδος Othon Vasileus tis Ellados) (1 June 1815 – 26 July 1867 was made the first modern king of Greece George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was Under George I, he served as a prime minister for a fourth term (March 17 – April 28, 1864), fifth term (August 7, 1864 – February 9, 1865) and sixth and last term (June 7 – September 2, 1877). Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Following his death his government remained in power until September 14, 1877 without agreeing on a replacement at its head. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He was buried in the First Cemetery of Athens, where most Greek prime ministers and celebrated figures are also buried. After his death he was honored as a national hero.
To honour Kanaris, the Hellenic Navy named, in 18 December 1941, a Hunt III type destroyer after him. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kanaris L51, the former HMS Hatherleigh, was transferred to Greece from the Royal Navy in 1 July 1972. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A destroyer, the HNS Kanaris (D 212) (formerly USS Stickell (DD-888)), and in 29 November 2002 a frigate FFG Kanaris (F 464) (a Elli (F 450) class frigate) were also named after him. USS Stickell (DD-888 Stickell was laid down by the Consolidated Steel Corporation at Orange Texas on 5 January Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Wilhelm Canaris, head of the German Abwehr during World War II, believed that he was descended from or related to Kanaris, whose monument he saw while on a visit to Greece in his youth, and this influenced his decision to join the German Navy. Wilhelm Franz Canaris ( January 1, 1887 &ndash April 9, 1945) was a German Admiral and head of the Abwehr The Abwehr was a German intelligence organization from 1921 to 1944 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including However, in 1938 genealogical research showed that there was no connection, Canaris being descended from an Italian family called Canarisi. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
Family
In 1817, he married Despoina Maniatis. Year 1817 ( MDCCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They had seven children:
- Nicholas Kanaris, (1818–1848)
- Themistocles Kanaris, (1819–1851)
- Miltiades Kanaris, (1822–1899) - Admiral, member of the Greek Parliament, and government minister
- Lycurgus Kanaris, (1826–1865) - Lawyer
- Maria Kanari, (1828–1847)
- Aristides Kanaris, (1831–1863) - Navy officer
- Thrasybulos Kanaris, (1834–1898) - Admiral
External links
- Listed among other Major Figures of the Greek War of Independence
- The History of the Grand Lodge of Greece Explains the Origins of the Philiki Etairia
- Short profile of Mohammad Ali, Viceroy of Egypt
- Short Profile of Ibrahim Pasha
- Statue of K. Kanaris in Park on Chios Island, Greece
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Andreas Metaxas |
Prime Minister of Greece March 11, 1844 - April 11, 1844 |
Succeeded by Alexandros Mavrokordatos |
| Preceded by Georgios Kountouriotis |
Prime Minister of Greece October 27, 1848 - December 24, 1849 |
Succeeded by Antonios Kriezis |
| Preceded by Antonios Kriezis |
Prime Minister of Greece May 28, 1854 - July 29, 1854 |
Succeeded by Alexandros Mavrokordatos |
| Preceded by Dimitrios Voulgaris |
Prime Minister of Greece March 17, 1864 - April 28, 1864 |
Succeeded by Zinovios Valvis |
| Preceded by Zinovios Valvis |
Prime Minister of Greece August 7, 1864 - February 9, 1865 |
Succeeded by Benizelos Rouphos |
| Preceded by Alexandros Koumoundouros |
Prime Minister of Greece June 7, 1877 - September 14, 1877 |
Succeeded by Alexandros Koumoundouros |
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