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Commune of Constantine
بلدية قسنطينة

Sidi M'Sid bridge

Map of Algeria highlighting Constantine Province

Map of Constantine Province highlighting Constantine Municipality
ONS code 2501
Postal code 25000-25020
Province Constantine (seat)
District Constantine (coextensive)
PMA President Mr. The Office for National Statistics (ONS is the Algerian ministry charged with the collection and publication of Statistics related to the economy population and society List of Postal codes of cities in Algeria; the first two numbers stand for the provincial code; postal codes of larger cities are mostly formed of the provincial code ||-|} Algeria is currently divided into 48 Wilayas ( Provinces, 553 Daïras ( circles, or Counties) and 1541 Baladiyahs Constantine (قسنطينة is one of the 48 provinces of Algeria, whose capital is the city of the same name. The provinces of Algeria are divided into 553 Districts ( daïras) Constantine ( Arabic: is the capital of Constantine Province in north-eastern Algeria. A. Chibane (2007-2012)
PMA Seats 33
Altitude 626 m (2057 ft)
Population 481. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2012 ( MMXII) will be a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The People's Municipal Assembly is the political body governing the municipalities of Algeria. Altitude is the Elevation of a point or object from a known level or datum (plural data The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology 947 (1998)

Coat of arms of Constantine

Constantine (Arabic:Arabic: قسنطينة) is the capital of Constantine Province in north-eastern Algeria. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. Constantine (قسنطينة is one of the 48 provinces of Algeria, whose capital is the city of the same name. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Slightly inland, it is about 80 kilometers from the Mediterranean coast.

Regarded as the capital of eastern Algeria and the centre of its region, Constantine has a population of over 500,000 (750,000 with the agglomeration), making it the third largest city in the country after Algiers and Oran. Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Oran ( Arabic:ar وهران pronounced Wahran; also transliterated as Ouahran, Spanish: Orán.

Constantine is situated on a plateau at 640 metres above sea level. In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting The city is framed by a deep ravine and has a dramatic appearance. The city is very picturesque with a number of bridges and a viaduct crossing the ravine. A viaduct is a Bridge composed of several small spans The term viaduct is derived from the Latin via for road and ducere to The ravine is crossed by four bridges, including Pont Sidi M'Cid.

Constantine has one university, the University of Constantine, which was founded in 1969. There are museums and important historical sites around the city.

Constantine is the railhead of a prosperous and diverse agricultural area. It also a center of the grain trade and has flour mills, a tractor factory, and industries producing textiles, wool, linen, and leather goods. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Linen is a Textile made from the Fibers of the Flax plant Linum usitatissimum. Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Algeria and Tunisia serve as its markets. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa.

Contents

History

The city was originally settled by Numidian people, and was known as Sarim Batim. Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC was an ancient Berber kingdom in present-day Algeria and part of Tunisia ( North Africa) that later alternated Later its name was Cirta, thought to be from the Phoenician word for "city", but originates in fact from "Thacirth" which is an Imazighen (Berber) word for a traditional wheat grinder made of stones (due to the stony look of the city). Cirta was the capital city of the Kingdom of Numidia in northern Africa in actual Algeria. Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Pūt in Ancient Egyptian Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew, and Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Constantine was capital city of the Numidia, a berber empire that emerged in the 3rd century BC. Numidia (202 BC – 46 BC was an ancient Berber kingdom in present-day Algeria and part of Tunisia ( North Africa) that later alternated Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. The city was founded in 203 BC by king Micipsa, with the help of Greek colonists. Micipsa (c - c 118 BC) was the eldest legitimate son of Masinissa, king of Numidia. She distinguished for the splendour of the public buildings and its population overcame that of all other towns of northern Africa. It had an army of 10,000 cavalry and 20,000 infantry. In 113 BC the town was conquered by Jugurtha. Jugurtha (ca 160 &ndash 104 BC was a Libyan King of Numidia, born in Cirta. Later it served as base of the Roman generals Caecilius Metellus Numidicus and Caius Marius. This article is about the Roman statesman who reorganized the army and was seven times Consul In 107 BC the latter gained a victory over Jugurtha in the nearby of Cirta. With the suppression of king Juba I and the rest of the supporters of Pompey in Africa (46 BC), Julius Caesar gave special civil rights to a part of Cirta, under the name of Sittlanorum Colonia. Juba I of Numidia or Juba I (c 85 BC-46 BC reigned 60 BC-46 BC was a King of Numidia. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Year 46 BC was the last year of the pre-Julian calendar. This year had 445 days due to the errors that had accumulated in the pre-Julian calendar It became the head of a confederation of four similar settlements in North Africa.

In 311, during the civil war between emperor Maxentius and usurper Domitius Alexander (former governor of Africa), the city was destroyed. Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius (c 278 - 28 October 312) was Western Roman Emperor from 306 to 312 Lucius Domitius Alexander (d ca 311 probably born in Phrygia, was Vicarius of Africa when Emperor Maxentius ordered him to Rebuilt in 313, it was subsequently named after emperor Constantine the Great, who had defeated Maxentius. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Conquered by the Vandals in 432, Constantine returned to the Byzantine exarchate of North Africa from 534 to 697. The Exarchate of Africa or of Carthage, after its capital was the name of an administrative division of the Eastern Roman Empire encompassing its possessions It was conquered by the Arabs in the 7th century, receiving the name of Qusantina.

The city recovered and in 12th century was again a prosperous market, with connection to Pisa, Genoa and Venice. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Since 1529 it was intermittently part of Ottoman Empire, ruled by a Turkish bey (governor) subordinate to the dey of Algiers. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups Dey (Arabic داي from Turkish Dayı) was the title given to the rulers of the Regency of Algiers ( Algeria) and Tunis ( Tunisia) under Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Salah Bey, who ruled the city in 1770-1792, greatly embellished it and built much of the Muslim architecture still visible today.

In 1826 ,the last Bey, Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif became the new head of state and led a fierce resistance against French occupation forces. Bey is a Turkish title for "chieftain" traditionally applied to the leaders of small tribal groups Ahmed Bey ben Mohamed Chérif (c 1784 - c 1850 was the last Bey of Qusantine from 1826 to 1848 By 13 October 1837 the territory was reconquered by France, and in 1848 it was incorporated into the colony of Algiers (Algeria).

In World War II, during campaign in North Africa (1942-43), Constantine and the nearby city of Sétif were used by the Allied forces as operational bases. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sétif (سطيف Kabyle: Sṭif; formerly Sitifis Colonia) is a town in northeastern Algeria.

People

Main article: People from Constantine, Algeria

Constantine is native city of the Islamic reformator Ben Badis. Abdelhamid Ben Badis (عبد الحميد بن باديسAlso Ben Badis) was born on December 4, 1889 at 1600 It is also the hometown of Key people in Algeria and France. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Main sights

The city is framed by a deep ravine and has a dramatic appearance. Maurice Boitel (born July 31, 1919 - died August 11, 2007 in Audresselles Samir Nasri (born 26 June 1987 in Marseille) is a French international footballer of Algerian descent who currently plays Ali Saidi-Sief (علي سيدي سيف born March 15, 1978 in Constantine) is an Algerian Olympic runner. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Running is a means for an animal to move on Foot. It is defined in Sporting terms as a Gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever Sandra Laoura (born July 21, 1980 in Constantine, Algeria) is a French freestyle skier of Algerian origin who competed at The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The city is very picturesque with a number of bridges and a viaduct crossing the ravine.

Nearby is the Roman city of Tiddis and the megalithic monuments and burial grounds at Djebel Mazala Salluste. Ben Abdelmalek Stadium ( ملعب بن عبد المالك is a multi-use Stadium in Constantine, Algeria. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC

Miscellaneous

Constantine is also known for its universities: Mentouri, designed by the Brazilian architect Oscar Niemeyer. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Oscar Ribeiro de Almeida Niemeyer Soares Filho (born December 15, 1907) is a Brazilian Architect who is considered one of the most important , Zerzara, and The Islamic University of El amir Abdelkader, Constantine will have another huge University town under construction in the (nouvelle ville) Constantine's current zip code is 25000. The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS

Constantine was also one of the focal points of the novel Memory in the Flesh by Ahlam Mosteghanemi. Ahlam (or Ahlem Mosteghanemi (born 13 April 1953) the daughter of Algerian revolutionary leader Mohammed Chérif, is a notable Algerian

Town twinning

Constantine has several twin towns:

References

Grenoble is a city and commune in south-east France situated at the foot of the Alps where the Drac joins the Isère River. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Sousse ( Arabic سوسة Sousa) is a city of Tunisia. Located 140 km south of Tunis, the city has 173 047 inhabitants (2004 Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
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